中 考 被 動 語 態(tài)

一、語態(tài)概述

英語中有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)

主動語態(tài)相當于漢語語法中的 句 即：把字句e,g：我吃了兩個蘋果①

被動語態(tài)相當于漢語語法中的 句 即：被字句e,g：兩個蘋果被我吃了②

從①可以看出主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者。

謂語： “吃”的動作是由主語“我”來執(zhí)行的。

從②可以看出被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者，即行為動作的對象。

主語“兩個蘋果”是動詞“吃”的承受者。

二、主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法

將上邊兩個例子翻譯成英文則為：① I ate 2 apples

②

如何把第一個例子轉(zhuǎn)化為第二個例子則是我們同學得以噢哪個是考點！下面我們就通過回答這個問題來學習被動語態(tài)：

從漢語的變化過程我們不難看出將主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)

第一步 判斷

無賓語的動詞則不可以變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)，像“主語+系動詞+表語”和“主語+不及物動詞+介詞+賓語”便無法變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)，中考考察典型動詞take place ,happen,change等e,g He _______(feel) better ----He feels better

第二步：主語和賓語位置調(diào)換（這一步必須注意主語和賓語之間格的變化）

針對①則是：2 apples 不變，而I 則變?yōu)閙e

由前面可知，被動語態(tài)是的主語是動作的承受者，我們暫且認為謂語動作是通過賓語完成的，即賓語相當于方式，并由九年級Unit 1得知by表示方式，所以第一步完成之后怎為則是：

主語+謂語+（ by+賓語）。

第二步：（關(guān)鍵的一步）規(guī)定被動語態(tài)的謂語部分結(jié)構(gòu)為'助動詞be＋及物動詞的過去分詞' 構(gòu)成.

這一步要注意，句子要兼顧到時態(tài)和語態(tài)這里本人運用的是“置換法”即

A：用be去替換援助動語態(tài)中的實意動詞原型。要求be既要滿足原主動語態(tài)對動詞要求的形式必要時也要滿足新主語的數(shù).

B：將換出的動詞原型變?yōu)檫^去分詞放在變化了的be后面（這里就要求大家牢記并熟練掌握不規(guī)則動詞過去式和過去分詞表）

e,g,I ate 2 apples

用be替換原句中的動詞原型eat，由于原句要求動詞為現(xiàn)在式（即原型或單三），所以be 要變?yōu)閍m /is/ are,而新的主語2 apples要求謂動為復(fù)數(shù)，則be 變?yōu)閍re,

再將替換出的動詞原型eat變?yōu)檫^去分詞eaten ,放在are 后，結(jié)合第一步就是：

2 apples are eaten by me

這一步，若原句中，已有助/be/情則根據(jù)實際情況而定

e,g, I am eating an 2 apples---2 apples are(am所變) being eatenby me

通過上面兩步的介紹，將一個簡單的句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)就不難了，我們可以小試牛刀：

1.I buy a cup of milk every morning .

2.He sells books every day

3.My mother drank 2 glasses of water yesterday等等

上面只是我們將一般簡單的句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)。也是最基礎(chǔ)的東西，下面我們來看看被動語態(tài)的應(yīng)試考點：

考點一：make/let sb. do sth see/hear sb. do sth等由省略了to 的不定式做賓語補足語的情況，在編被動語態(tài)食物必將to還原

e,g , 1.He made the boy work for two hours yesterday

----The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.

2 .Mother never lets mewatch TV .---------I am never let to watch TV by mother.

考點二：give/lend sb sth等含有雙賓語的動詞在變化時，要注意兩個賓語都可以變化，當“作新主語時，按照步驟變化；當“物”作新主語時，則需要在“人前加上”to或for

e,g Jack gave Peter a Christmas present just now.

(1)A Christmas present was given to Peterby Jack just now.

(2)Peter was given a Christmas present by Jack just now.

考點三：情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)（九年級Unit3）,由于情態(tài)動詞后邊要求動詞原型，因而，be永遠為be,所以其結(jié)構(gòu)為'情態(tài)動詞＋be＋過去分詞'構(gòu)成（原來帶to的情態(tài)動詞變成被動語態(tài)后'to'仍要保留。）

e,g We can repair this watch in two days.------This watch can be repaired in two days.

They should do it at once.-------It should be done at once.

考點四：由第一步得知無賓語的動詞則不可以變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)，像“主語+系動詞+表語”和“主語+不及物動詞+介詞+賓語”便無法變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)，中考考察典型動詞take place ,happen,change等

e,g He _______(feel) better ----He feels better

主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法Bill口訣：

被動語態(tài)妙 無賓不能要

主賓打顛倒 格變不能少 介賓可不要

助be往出跳 去把動原叫 時語兼顧到 人、數(shù)把主照 若是有助動 助be則不照

動原過分現(xiàn) 變be后邊站 這是基本變 考點往下看

雙賓均可變 人變順序變 物變to /for現(xiàn) 復(fù)賓補不變 對于省to案 還原to 來辦

含情語態(tài)變 不必be來換 情后be +p.p站

三、被動語態(tài)的用法

(1)不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。

e,g：Some new computers were stolen last night.

一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。(不知道電腦是誰偷的)

This bridge was founded in 1981.這座橋竣工于1981年。

(2)強調(diào)動作的承受者，而不強調(diào)動作的執(zhí)行者。

e,g：The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是邁克打破的。

This book was written by him.這本書是他寫的。

Your homework must be finished on time.你們的家庭作業(yè)必須及時完成。

初中英語被動語態(tài)練習題：

一、選擇題（2×15=30分）

( )1._____ a new library _____ in our school last year?

A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did ; build

( )2. An accident ____ on this road last week.

A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened

( )3.Cotton（棉花） ____ in the southeast of China.

A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow

( )4.So far, the moon ____ by man already.

A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited

( )5.A talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week.

A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives

( )6.How many trees ____ this year?

A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted

( )7.A lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now.

A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be done

( )8.--When ___ this kind of computers______? --Last year.

A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used

( )9.The Great Wall ____ all over the world.

A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known

( )10.Who _____ this book _____?

A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written

( )11.A story _____ by Granny yesterday.

A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us

( )12.The monkey was seen _____ off the tree.

A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump

( )13.The school bag ___ behind the chair.

A. puts B. can be put C. can be putted D. can put

( )14.Older people ____ well.

A. looks after B. must be looked after C. must look after D. looked after

( )15.Our teacher ______ carefully.

A. should be listened to B. should be listen C. be listened D. is listened

二、用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的正確形式填空。（1×20=20分）(請注意時態(tài)和語態(tài)兩個方面噢)

1.It's said(據(jù)說) that the long bridge______________（build）in two months．

2.Where to have the meeting ______________ （discuss）now．

3.Which language _______the most widely_______（speak）in the world？

4.The lost boy_____________（not find）so far．

5.Last year a large number of trees______________（cut）down．

6. The students _____ often _____(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.

7. The old man is ill. He ______ (must send) to the hospital.

8. Vegetables, eggs and fruits_________ (sell) in this shop.

9. What _______ knives ______ (make) of ?

They_______________(make) of metal(金屬) and wood.

10. Can the magazine ________ (take) out of the library?

11. The room _____________ (clean) by me every day.

12. The stars can’t _____________ (see) in the daytime.

13. Some flowers _______________ (water) by Li Ming already.

14. This kind of shoes __________ (sell) well.

15. How long _____ your uncle ______(be) in the city?

16. The food _____________ (smell) delicious.

17. Look! Someone __________(dance).

三、按要求改寫下列句子，一空一詞。 （1×30=30分）

1.Is tea grown in South China？（改為主動語態(tài)）

_______ people _________ tea in South China？

2.I am given a birthday present by my parents every year．（同義句轉(zhuǎn)換）

A birthday present _______ _______ _______ _______by my parents every year．

3.The work is going to be finished in two days. (對劃線提問)

How_______ _______ the work going to be finished ?

4. The children will sing an English song. (改為被動語態(tài))

An English song ______ ______ _______ by the children.

5. You needn't do it now. (改為被動語態(tài))

It ______ ________ ________ by you now.

6. People use metal for making machines. (改為被動語態(tài))

Metal ________ _________ _______making machines.

7. He made me do that for him. (改為被動語態(tài))

I ______ ________ ________ ______ that for him.

8.They are watching the football match.

The football match _______ _______ _______ by them.

9.Did they build a bridge here a year ago? (改為被動語態(tài))

__________ a bridge ____________ here by them a year ago?

10.They have sold out the light green dresses. (改為被動語態(tài))

The light green dresses ________ _________ ___________ out.

11.We call the game “Lianliankan”. (改為被動語態(tài))

The game _______ ________ “Lianliankan” by us.

四、根據(jù)所給漢語完成句子，一空一詞。 (1×10=10分)

①The new bike ______ ______ _____ _____ （買給我）by my parents as a present last week．

②_______ your mobile phone _______ _______ ________（是國產(chǎn)的嗎）？

③The whole mountain is _________ _________ (覆蓋) the snow.

五、下列各句均有一處錯誤，請找出并改正過來。 （10分）

①I have a lot of homework to be done tonight． ____________

②Is your history teacher listened carefully in class？ ____________

③Lei Feng's name remembered by all Chinese people． ____________

④The music is sounded beautiful. ____________

⑤By who was this new educational CD-ROM designed ? _____________