Unit3 English Around the World
Topic1 English is widely spoken throughout the world.
【重點(diǎn)詞語(yǔ)】
1. be able to=can 能夠,會(huì)
2. can’t wait to do sth. 迫不急待地做某事
3. have a (good) chance to do sth. 有(好)機(jī)會(huì)做某事
4. practice doing sth. 練習(xí)做某事
5. be made by… 被……制做
be made of/from… 由……制成
be made in… 在某地制造
6. on business 出差
7. be similar to… 和……相似
8. translate…into… 把……翻譯成……
9. have no/some trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事沒(méi)有/有些困難
10. once in a while=sometimes/at times 偶爾,間或
11. whenever=no matter when 無(wú)論何時(shí)
12. as well as 以及
13. mother tongue 母語(yǔ)
14. take the leading position 處于領(lǐng)先地位
15. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓勵(lì)某人做某事
16. call for 號(hào)召
【重點(diǎn)句型】
1. Disneyland is enjoyed by millions of people from all over the world. 世界上數(shù)以百萬(wàn)的人們都喜歡迪斯尼樂(lè)園。
2. I hope I can go there one day. 希望有一天我能去那兒。
3. English is widely spoken around the world. 英語(yǔ)在世界上被廣泛使用。
4. It is also spoken as a second language in many countries. 在許多國(guó)家它也被用作第二語(yǔ)言。
5. It is possible that you will have some trouble. 你可能會(huì)遇到一些麻煩。
6. It’s used as the first language by most people in America,Canada,Australia ,Great Britain andNew Zealand. 它被美國(guó)、加拿大、澳大利亞、英國(guó)和新西蘭的大多數(shù)人用作第一語(yǔ)言。
7. And two thirds of the world’s scientists read English. 并且世界上三分之二的科學(xué)家用英語(yǔ)閱讀。
【重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法】
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)態(tài)有主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)兩種。
主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,叫主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如:We clean the classroom. 我們打掃教室。
主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者,叫被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如:The classroom is cleaned (by us).教室被(我們)打掃。
1. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成:助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+(by+賓語(yǔ))
其中by意為“被……;由……”,表動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。
如:The glass is broken by that boy.玻璃杯是那個(gè)男孩打破的。
be有人稱(chēng)、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化,其肯定式、否定式、疑問(wèn)式的變化規(guī)則與be作為連系動(dòng)詞時(shí)完全一樣。
如:English is widely spoken around the world. (肯定式)
English is not widely spoken around the world. (否定式)
---Is English widely spoken around the world? (疑問(wèn)式)
---Yes, it is./No, it isn’t.
2. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法:
(1)在沒(méi)有指明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或者不知道動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者的情況下可用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如:This coat is made of cotton.這件大衣是棉制的。
(2)要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者而不是執(zhí)行者時(shí),用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如:Her bike is stolen.她的自行車(chē)被偷了。
3. 主、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換:
主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)(+其它)
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):主語(yǔ)+be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+by+賓語(yǔ)(+其它)
注意:(1)主動(dòng)、被動(dòng)互轉(zhuǎn)時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)不變。
(2)主動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)是代詞的主格形式,變成被動(dòng)態(tài)by的賓語(yǔ)時(shí),要用賓格形式。如:
(1) People grow rice in the south.
Rice is grown (by people) in the south.
(2) She takes care of the baby.
The baby is taken care of (by her).
Topic2 English is spoken differently in different countries.
【重點(diǎn)詞語(yǔ)】
1. by the way 順便說(shuō)一下
2. depend on 取決于……;依靠……
3. be different from 與……不同
4. succeed in 成功,達(dá)成
5. make yourself understood 表達(dá)你自己的意思
6. on one’s way to 在某人去……的路上
7. see sb. off 給……送行
8. leave for…前往某地/leave…for… 離開(kāi)…去…
9. in twenty minutes 二十分鐘之后
10. written English 筆頭英語(yǔ)/oral English 英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)
11. generally speaking 一般說(shuō)來(lái),大致上說(shuō)
12. as for sb./sth. 至于某人/某物
13. be close to… 靠近……
14. in person 身體上,外貌上;親自
15. be found of… 愛(ài)好……
16. be forced to do sth. 被迫做……
force sb.to do 強(qiáng)迫某人做某事
17. even worse 更糟的是
【重點(diǎn)句型】
1. Is Australia English the same as British English? 澳式英語(yǔ)和英式英語(yǔ)一樣嗎?
2. English is spoken differently in different English-speaking countries. 不同的國(guó)家使用不同的英語(yǔ)。
3. For example, there are differences between British English and American English. 例如,在英式英語(yǔ)和美式英語(yǔ)之間有些不同點(diǎn)。
4. I can’t believe that I’m flying to Disneyland. 我簡(jiǎn)直不敢相信我就要飛往迪斯尼樂(lè)園了。
5. I hope I won’t have any difficulty. 我希望不會(huì)遇到什么困難。
6. Whenever you need help, send me an-mail or telephone me.
無(wú)論何時(shí)你需要幫忙,給我發(fā)電子郵件或打電話。
7. Not only children but also adults enjoy spending their holidays in Disneyland. 不但青少年而且成年人也喜歡到迪斯尼樂(lè)園度假。
【重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法】
用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)時(shí),常有“意圖”、“安排”(但不是固定不變的)或“打算”含義。它表示最近或較近的將來(lái),所用的動(dòng)詞多是位移動(dòng)詞。
如:come, go, arrive, leave, fly, start, begin, return, open, die
I’m going. 我要走了。
When are you starting? 你什么時(shí)候動(dòng)身?
Don’t worry. The train is arriving here soon. 別著急,火車(chē)馬上就到了。
表示將來(lái)的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)除了用于位移動(dòng)詞外,亦可用于某些非位移動(dòng)詞。
如:My uncle is meeting us tomorrow. 我叔叔明天會(huì)見(jiàn)我們。
She is buying a new bike soon. 她不久將買(mǎi)一輛新自行車(chē)。
Topic3 Could you give us some advice on how to learn English well?
【重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)】
1. in public在 公共場(chǎng)所
2. at times=sometimes 有時(shí)
3. feel like doing=would like to do 想要做……
4. give up sth./doing sth. 放棄
5. turn to sb. for help 求助于某人
6. give sb. some advice on/about… 給某人一些有關(guān)……的建議
7. be weak in 在……方面很差/be good at 在……方面很好
8. be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事
9. make mistakes 犯錯(cuò)誤
10. take a deep breath 深呼吸
11. the best time to do 做某事最好的時(shí)間
12. do some listening practice 做些聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練
13. reply to=answer 回答
14. advise sb. to do 建議某人做某事(名詞advice)
【重點(diǎn)句型】
1. Could you make yourself understood in the U.S.A? 在美國(guó),別人能懂得你的話嗎?
2. I don’t know what to do. 我不知道該怎么辦?
3. At times I feel like giving up. 有時(shí)我想要放棄。
4. Try to guess the meanings of the new words, and get the main idea of the article. 盡量猜測(cè)生詞的意思,理解文章的大意。
5. I dare not answer questions in class, because I’m afraid of making mistakes. 我不敢在課堂上回答問(wèn)題,困為我害怕犯錯(cuò)誤。
6. It’s an honor to talk with all of you. 與在座的各位交談是我的榮幸。
7. But remember to choose the ones that fit you best. 但是記住要選擇最適合你的一種。
8. I insist that you practice English every day. 我堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為你們每天都應(yīng)該練習(xí)英語(yǔ)。
9. Believing in yourself is the first step on the road to success. 自信是通往成功的第一步。
【重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法】
wh- +to do
wh-是指when, where, which, who(m)及how等連接詞,它們和動(dòng)詞不定式連用,即為wh- +to do結(jié)構(gòu)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在句中常作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ),作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以轉(zhuǎn)換為賓語(yǔ)從句。(對(duì)于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞來(lái)說(shuō),wh- +to do這個(gè)不定式動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作是個(gè)尚未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,所以在轉(zhuǎn)換成賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),通常須加情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或用將來(lái)時(shí)表示未來(lái)。)
如:I don’t know what to do.=I don’t know what I should do.
She can’t decide which to buy.=she can’t decide which she will buy.
反之,如果主句中的主語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)一致時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句(由疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo))通常可以與“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”互相轉(zhuǎn)換。
如:I don’t know what I should do.=I don’t know what to do.
如果不一致就不能轉(zhuǎn)換。I want to know what Mary will do.(不能說(shuō):I want to know what to do.)
Unit4 Amazing Science
Topic1 When was it invented?
【重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)】
1. go around 環(huán)繞
2. send…into… =send up…into… 把……送入......
3. congratulations on sth 祝賀某事
4. be proud of 為……而自豪
5. be moved by 為……而感動(dòng)
6. Thanks/Thank you for +n./ving sth 感謝某人做的某事
7. have physical examinations 做體檢
8. in good/bad health 處于好(不好)的身體狀態(tài)
9. can’t help doing 情不自禁做……
10. take turn to (do sth) 輪流(做某事)
11. no doubt 疑地
12. as well as 除……的之外,也
13. for instance/example 例如
14. work on 做……(方面)的工作
15. depend on/upon 依靠,依賴(lài)
16. turn on 打開(kāi)
17. turn off 關(guān)掉
18. turn up 開(kāi)大
19. turn down 關(guān)小
20. click on 用鼠標(biāo)點(diǎn)擊
21. look forward to doing sth 期待做某事
【重點(diǎn)句型】
1. Now big plans are being made to send up more satellites and even build a space station. 現(xiàn)在中國(guó)正在計(jì)劃發(fā)射更多的衛(wèi)星,甚至建造一個(gè)空間站。
2. I’m moved by what Yang Liwei did. 我被楊利偉所做的事感動(dòng)了。
3. Generally speaking, we are in good health now. 一般來(lái)說(shuō),我們現(xiàn)在的健康狀況良好。
4. We couldn’t help looking at the earth again and again. 我們?nèi)滩蛔≡偃乜粗厍颉?nbsp;
5. I was able to fall asleep as soon as I got into the sleeping bag.
We took turns to have a rest. 一進(jìn)入睡袋我就睡著了。我們輪流休息。
6. It has proved that China has made great progress in developing its space industry. 這證明了中國(guó)航天業(yè)的發(fā)展已取得了巨大的進(jìn)步。
7.There is no doubt that computers are widely used by workers in business and technology. 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn),電腦被商業(yè),科技工作者廣泛地應(yīng)用.
8. Computers have made the world smaller, like a “village”. 電腦使得世界變小了,就像一個(gè)“村莊”。
【重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法】
賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)用來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ),與賓語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。可作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的有名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞和動(dòng)詞不定式等。
(一)名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如:
1. We call him Jim.(名詞) 我們叫他吉姆。
2. We must keep our school clean every day.(形容詞) 我們必須每天保持校園清潔。
3. Call him in, please.(副詞) 請(qǐng)叫他進(jìn)來(lái)。
4. Leave it on the desk.(介詞短語(yǔ)) 把它留在課桌上。
(二)動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)可分為三種情況
1. 跟帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有:ask, tell, get, teach, want, invite, like, allow, wish, encourage等。如:Tell Jane to sing us a song.叫簡(jiǎn)給我們唱支歌。
2. 跟不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有“一感(feel)、二聽(tīng)(listen to, hear),三讓?zhuān)╩ake, let, have),四看(look at, see, watch, notice)如:Let’s have a rest.讓我們休息一會(huì)兒。
但這種結(jié)構(gòu)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),to必須加上。如:He was seen to leave the room with a book in his hand.有人見(jiàn)他手拿著一本書(shū)離開(kāi)這個(gè)房間。
3. 跟帶to或不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞只有help。如:
Can you help me (to) wash my clothes ? 你能幫我洗衣服嗎?
(三)分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)可分為兩種情況
1. 現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),經(jīng)常表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。可跟這類(lèi)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:see, watch, hear等。如:
I hear somebody singing in the next room. 我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)有人在隔壁唱歌。
2. 過(guò)去介詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),經(jīng)常表示被動(dòng)。如:
You need to have your hair cut. 你需要理發(fā)了。
Topic2 I'm excited about the things that will be discovered in the future.
【重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)】
1. be used for +ving 被用做……
2. come true 實(shí)現(xiàn)
3. It’s said that 據(jù)說(shuō)
4. during/in one’s life 某人一生
5. be known as 以……(身份)而著名
6. know/say for certain 確切知道/肯定地說(shuō)
7. all the time 一直,總是
8. no longer=not…any longer 不再
=(no more, not…any more)
9. as long as 只要
10. as far as 就……,盡……
11. make a great contribution 對(duì)…...作出巨大貢獻(xiàn)
12. the rest of the time 在其余地時(shí)間里
13. at any time 在任何時(shí)候
【重點(diǎn)句型】
1. Because I’m not allowed to play computer games. 因?yàn)槲也豢梢酝骐娔X游戲。
2. How do you say this in English? 這用英語(yǔ)怎么說(shuō)?
3. It’s made from wood. 它用木材做的。
4. It’s used for helping us to improve our English. 它用來(lái)幫助我們提高英語(yǔ)水平。
5. People are surprised at the rapid development of robots. 人們?yōu)闄C(jī)器人的飛速發(fā)展感到驚訝。
6. They will no longer want to be our servants, but our masters.它們將不再愿意做我們的人,而要做我們的主人。
7. This method worked well at night as long as the weather was good and the stars could be seen. 在夜間只要天氣晴朗,能看見(jiàn)星星,這種方法就能很好地發(fā)揮作用。
【重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法】
一. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
謂語(yǔ)部分的基本形式是be的過(guò)去式was/were+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。如:
When was it made? 它是什么時(shí)候制造的?
It was made in 1980.它是1980年制造的。
When was the digital camera invented? 數(shù)碼像機(jī)是什么時(shí)候發(fā)明的?
It was invented in 1975. 它是1975年發(fā)明的。
二. 時(shí)間前所用介詞的速記歌
年月周前要用in,日子前面卻不行。
遇到幾號(hào)要用on,上午下午又是in。
要說(shuō)某日上下午,用on換in才能行。
午夜黃昏須用at,黎明用它也不錯(cuò)。
at也用在時(shí)分前,說(shuō)“差”可要用上to。
說(shuō)“過(guò)”只可使用past,多說(shuō)多練牢牢記,莫讓歲月成蹉跎。
Topic3 China is the third nation that sent a person into space.
【重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)】
1. travel by spaceship 乘宇宙飛船旅行
2. in the future 在未來(lái)
3. in order to 為了
4. on the radio 通過(guò)收音機(jī)
5. take part in 參加
6. grow up 成長(zhǎng),長(zhǎng)大
7. prefer…to 喜歡……勝過(guò)……
8. What’s worse 更為糟糕的是
9. be worth it 有好處,值得一干
10. at a distance of 相隔
11. send sb a message 給某人發(fā)送信息
【重點(diǎn)句型】
1. I don’t think aliens can be found in space. 我認(rèn)為外星人不可能出現(xiàn)在太空里。
2. It has been two days since we landed on Mars. 自從我們登上火星以來(lái)已經(jīng)兩天了。
3. What’s worse, our water supplies were very low. 更糟糕的是,我們的水供給是非常有限的。
4. It’s a quarter as big as the earth. 它是地球的四分之一大。
5. Mars goes around the sun at a distance of about 228 million kilometers. 恒星在相隔大約228000000千米的地方繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。
【重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法】
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。如:Aliens can not be seen on the earth. 在地球上不可能見(jiàn)到外星人。
Other planets may be visited soon in the future. 將來(lái)其他的星球也會(huì)有人登陸。
Scientific research should be done carefully. 應(yīng)該認(rèn)真地進(jìn)行科學(xué)研究。
These trees must be watered in time. 這些樹(shù)應(yīng)該及時(shí)澆水。閱讀原文