四六級(jí)翻譯練習(xí)和答案
漢譯英專項(xiàng)練習(xí)
一、倍數(shù)增減的表示法 5
1) Force N1 _______________(比力N2大2.5倍).
is 2.5 times greater than Force N2
（考點(diǎn)：倍數(shù) + 形容詞/副詞比較級(jí) + than）
2) This substance _______________(反應(yīng)速度是另外那種物質(zhì)的三倍).
reacts three times as fast as the other one
（考點(diǎn)：倍數(shù) + as + 形容詞/副詞 + as）
3) The earth _______________(是月球大小的49倍).
is 49 times the size of the moon
（考點(diǎn)：倍數(shù) + 名詞）
4) The landlord _______________(想將租金提高三分之一).
wants to raise the rent by a third
（考點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞 + by + 數(shù)詞/百分比/倍數(shù)）
5) They _______________(計(jì)劃將投資增加一倍).
plan to double their investment
（考點(diǎn)：double + 名詞）
二、時(shí)態(tài) 6
1) Be quick, _______________(否則等我們到達(dá)教堂時(shí)婚禮就已經(jīng)結(jié)束了).
or the wedding will have finished by the time we get to the church
（考點(diǎn)：將來完成時(shí)）
2) When she got home, _______________(孩子們已經(jīng)睡著了).
the children had fallen asleep
（考點(diǎn)：過去完成時(shí)）
3) When I prepare for the college entrance examination, _______________(我姐姐將在海邊度假).
my sister will be taking her vacation at the seaside
（考點(diǎn)：將來進(jìn)行時(shí)）
4) I_______________(一上午都在修改我的簡歷).
have been revising my resume all the morning
（考點(diǎn)：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)）
5) Do you often go on holiday? _______________(不，我已經(jīng)有五年沒有度假了).
No. It has been five years since I went on holiday
（考點(diǎn)：It has been … since sb. did sth. 表示某人有多長時(shí)間沒有做某事了）
6) He joined the army in October, 2001. _______________(他參軍已五年了).
He has been in the army for 5 years
（考點(diǎn)：1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；2.要用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞才能接一段時(shí)間）
三、被動(dòng)語態(tài) 5
1) The blackboard and chalk _______________(正在被電腦和投影機(jī)所取代).
is being replaced by the computer and the projector
（考點(diǎn)：被動(dòng)語態(tài)的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)）
2) The book _______________(到今年年底就將已出版).
will have been published by the end of this year
（考點(diǎn)：被動(dòng)語態(tài)的將來完成時(shí)）
3) Computer models _______________(可以用來演示細(xì)胞工作的方式).
can be used to demonstrate the way that cells work
（考點(diǎn)：1. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞聯(lián)用; 2. 漢語有些沒有“被”字等標(biāo)志詞的句子也表示被動(dòng), 要譯成英語的被動(dòng)語態(tài)）
4) When the bill of fare was brought, _______________(我驚呆了，價(jià)格大大超出了我的預(yù)料).
I was startled, for the prices were a great deal higher than I had anticipated
（考點(diǎn)：同“3”的考點(diǎn)2）
5) _______________(必須立即采取有效措施)to eliminate sandy storms.
Effective measures must be taken immediately
（考點(diǎn)：漢語的無主句通常翻譯成英語的被動(dòng)語態(tài)）
四、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 5
1) The phone is ringing, _______________(但是沒人接聽。她一定不在家).
but there is no answer. She can’t be at home
（考點(diǎn)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可以表示可能性，can’t 表示“一定不”）
2) I can’t find my sunglasses. _______________(我可能昨天落在咖啡店里了).
I may have left them in the coffee shop yesterday
（考點(diǎn)：“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/could, may/might, must + 完成式”用于表示對(duì)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作的主觀判斷）
3) You screamed in your sleep last night. _______________(你一定夢見什么可怕的東西了).
You must have dreamed of something terrible
（考點(diǎn)：同上）
4) It’s a pity. _______________(你本應(yīng)該邀請(qǐng)她來參加你的畢業(yè)典禮的).
You should have invited her to your graduation ceremony
（考點(diǎn)：“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should/ought to + have done” 用于評(píng)論過去應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際并未做的動(dòng)作，含有批評(píng)的意思）
5) _______________(其實(shí)我沒必要穿上我最好的套裝去參加那次聚會(huì)的); most of the guests were wearing jeans and sweaters.
I needn’t have put on my best suit to go to the party
（考點(diǎn)：“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞needn’t + have + done”表示對(duì)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作進(jìn)行評(píng)論，認(rèn)為“無須發(fā)生”，“不必做”)
五、虛擬語氣 22
1) I wish _______________(我年輕的時(shí)候有你們這樣的機(jī)會(huì)).
I had had your opportunities when I was young
（考點(diǎn)：I wish后的that從句中用過去完成式表示過去沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)或不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望）
2) If only _______________(他知道這病是可以治好的)! Then he would not have killed himself.
he had known this disease is curable
（考點(diǎn)：If only 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句表示“但愿”或“要是……就好了”，用法與 I wish…基本相同）
3) —— Would you like him to paint your door with yellow stars?
—— I’d rather he _______________(漆成藍(lán)色的，而且不帶任何裝飾).
painted it blue, and without any decorations
（考點(diǎn)：would rather 后的that從句中用過去式表示不是事實(shí)）
4) It’s high time that _______________(采取措施解決交通堵塞的問題).
measures were taken to solve the problem of traffic jams
（考點(diǎn)：It’s (about/high) time 后的that從句中用過去式，表示“該是……的時(shí)候了”）
5) Hugh usually talks _______________(仿佛在大會(huì)上發(fā)表演說似的).
as though he were delivering a speech at an assembly
（考點(diǎn)：as if / as though引導(dǎo)的從句中用過去式表示和現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在情況有所懷疑）
6) We insist that _______________(讓杰克立刻進(jìn)醫(yī)院).
Jack (should) be sent to hospital right now
（考點(diǎn)：表示“建議、命令、要求、想法”的動(dòng)詞所接的賓語從句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虛擬形式）
7) It was advised that _______________(在居民區(qū)設(shè)立更多的流動(dòng)商店).
more mobile shops (should) be set up in the residential area
（考點(diǎn)：表示“建議、命令、要求、想法”的動(dòng)詞所接的主語從句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虛擬形式）
8) His proposal was that _______________(他們成立一個(gè)專門委員會(huì)來檢查這個(gè)問題).
they (should) set up a special board/committee to examine this problem
（考點(diǎn)：表示“建議、命令、要求、想法”的名詞所接的表語從句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虛擬形式）
9) We are going to discuss his suggestion that _______________(取消期中考試).
the mid-term exams (should) be canceled
（考點(diǎn)：表示“建議、命令、要求、想法”的名詞所接的同位語從句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虛擬形式）
10) It is ridiculous that _______________(我們?cè)谝粋€(gè)總是下雨的國家還缺水).
we (should) be short of water in a country where it is always raining
（考點(diǎn)：在It is/was +形容詞后的that從句中常用“sb. should do”的形式表示建議驚奇等。
這類形容詞常見的有：advisable, anxious, desirable, essential, important, impossible, improper, necessary, proper, urgent, vital, ）
11) It is essential that _______________(每個(gè)人都為緊急情況做好準(zhǔn)備).
everyone (should) be prepared for emergency
（考點(diǎn)：同上）
12) _______________(如果他按照我告訴他的辦法訂票), we would have had quite a comfortable journey.
If he had booked tickets in the way I told him
（考點(diǎn)：在非真實(shí)條件句中用過去完成式表示與過去的事實(shí)相反）
13) I was to have made a speech _______________(要不是有人把我的話打斷了).
if I had not been interrupted
（考點(diǎn)：同上）
14) It didn’t rain last night. _______________(要是下了，地就會(huì)濕的).
If it had rained, the ground would be wet
（考點(diǎn)：在非真實(shí)條件句中，當(dāng)主句與從句表示的動(dòng)作不是同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，就根據(jù)情況用適當(dāng)?shù)闹^語動(dòng)詞形式）
15) _______________(如果我一直住在紐約), I would know the U.S. well now.
If I had been living in New York
（考點(diǎn)：同上）
16) If the doctor had not come in time, _______________(他現(xiàn)在就不在人間了).
he would be dead now
（考點(diǎn)：同上）
17) But for his help, _______________(我們就不會(huì)以這么低的價(jià)格租到房子了).
we could not have rent a house at such a low price
（考點(diǎn)：but for經(jīng)常作為非真實(shí)條件句中if的代用語）
18) I used my calculator; _______________(否則，我會(huì)花更長的時(shí)間才能算出這道題).
otherwise, it would have taken me more time to work out this question
（考點(diǎn)：otherwise也經(jīng)常作為非真實(shí)條件句中if的代用語）
19) Were I in your place, _______________(我會(huì)毫不猶豫地抓住機(jī)會(huì)).
I would seize the opportunity without hesitation
（考點(diǎn)：在非真實(shí)條件句中如果有were, had, should這三個(gè)詞，可以省去if，采用主謂語倒裝的形式來表示條件）
20) Had it not been for their opposition, _______________(這項(xiàng)法案早就通過了).
this act would have been passed much earlier
（考點(diǎn)：同上）
21) Should there be another world war, _______________(人類的繼續(xù)存在就會(huì)有危險(xiǎn)).
the continued existence of the human race would be in jeopardy
（考點(diǎn)：同上）
22) He walked lightly _______________(以免驚醒嬰兒).
lest he should awaken the baby
（考點(diǎn)：lest (以免)引導(dǎo)的從句通常用sb. should do的形式表示虛擬）
六、不定式 10
1) It was a great achievement _______________(10個(gè)月建成一棟24層的樓).
to complete a 24-story building in 10 months
（考點(diǎn)：不定式作主語時(shí)常用it作形式主語放在句首代替不定式，而將不定式移到謂語后面）
2) It is necessary _______________(我們?cè)诳荚嚽昂煤玫厮煌砩嫌X).
for us to have a good night’s sleep before the test
（考點(diǎn)：有時(shí)用“介詞for + 代詞/名詞”來表示不定式的邏輯主語，這時(shí)整句的謂語描述的對(duì)象是事情，
這種情況下謂語中常用的形容詞有：necessary, important, possible, impossible, all right, essential等）
3) It is generous _______________(你把這么多錢捐給災(zāi)區(qū)人民).
of you to donate so much money to the people in the disaster area
（考點(diǎn)：有時(shí)用“介詞of + 代詞/名詞”來表示不定式的邏輯主語，這時(shí)整句的謂語描述的對(duì)象是人，
常用的形容詞有：bold, brave, careful, careless, cruel, foolish, generous, honest, kind, polite, rude, selfish, silly, stupid, thoughtful, thoughtless, wicked, wise, wrong）
4) The teacher decided _______________(不懲罰那些上課遲到的學(xué)生).
not to punish those students who had been late for class
（考點(diǎn)：1. 用不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作decide的賓語；2.不定式的否定形式是在to前加not）
能帶不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞常見的有：afford, attempt, beg, decide, forget, intend, manage, mean, offer, prefer, promise, ）
5) Mr. Green was wondering _______________ (是否去看望在法國的兒子).
whether to visit their son in France
（考點(diǎn)：“疑問詞+不定式”作動(dòng)詞wonder的賓語。
6) The gardener _______________(剛才警告我不要在中午給花澆水).
warned me just now not to water flowers at noon
（考點(diǎn)：不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語）
7) We _______________(請(qǐng)他給我們做有關(guān)現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)的講座).
invited him to give us a lecture on modern art
（考點(diǎn)：同上）
8) He feels it challenging _______________(在這么大一所大學(xué)做學(xué)生會(huì)主席).
to be the chairman of students’ union in so large a university
（考點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞 + it + 形容詞/名詞 + 不定式。it是形式賓語，不定式是真正賓語）
9) We hope to have more opportunities _______________(把我們?cè)谡n堂上學(xué)到的東西應(yīng)用于實(shí)踐).
to apply what we have learned in class to practice
（考點(diǎn)：不定式作定語）
10) The bad weather _______________(破壞了我們?cè)诼短旆烹娪暗挠?jì)劃).
ruined our plan to show the film in the open air
（考點(diǎn)：同上）
七、分詞 9
1) This is the first time that I heard _______________(用意大利語唱“祝你生日快樂”).
“Happy birthday to you” sung in Italian
（考點(diǎn)：分詞作賓語補(bǔ)語）
2) The cars _______________(停在消防通道的) will be ticketed.
parked in the fire lane
（考點(diǎn)：分詞作定語）
3) The war went on for years, _______________(奪去了成千上萬人的生命).
killing thousands upon thousands of people
（考點(diǎn)：分詞作結(jié)果狀語）
4) The farmers used a new insecticide, thus _______________(將平均產(chǎn)量提高了15%).
raising the average yield by 15 percent
（考點(diǎn)：同上）
5) Einstein watched the toy in delight, _______________(想推導(dǎo)出它的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)原理).
trying to deduce its operating principle
（考點(diǎn)：分詞作伴隨狀語）
6) _______________(看到大家都在聚精會(huì)神地看書), we stopped talking and began to study.
Seeing that everyone was bending over his/her book
（考點(diǎn)：分詞作原因狀語）
7) _______________(被這個(gè)男孩的事跡深深打動(dòng)了), they decided to pay for his education.
Deeply moved by the boy’s deeds
（考點(diǎn)：同上）
8) _______________(從一個(gè)年輕朋友的眼光來看), Einstein was a simple, modest and ordinary man.
Seen from the eyes of a young friend
（考點(diǎn)：分詞作方式狀語）
9) _______________(好久沒有收到父母的來信了), he was worried about them.
Not having heard from his parents for a long time
（考點(diǎn)：1. 分詞作原因狀語；2.分詞的否定形式；3.現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式）
八、動(dòng)名詞 6
1) _______________(每天洗冷水澡) does him a lot of good.
Taking a cold bath every day
（考點(diǎn)：動(dòng)名詞作主語）
2) They tried to avoid _______________(讓女兒做她不喜歡的事情).
making their daughter do what she didn’t like to do
（考點(diǎn)：動(dòng)名詞作動(dòng)詞的賓語）
3) Developing varieties is the key to _______________(使我們的產(chǎn)品進(jìn)入國際市場).
getting our goods into the international market
（考點(diǎn)：動(dòng)名詞作介詞的賓語）
4) It is no use _______________(為灑了的牛奶而哭泣).
crying over spilled milk
考點(diǎn)：動(dòng)名詞用于固定結(jié)構(gòu)。
5) He denied_______________(偷看了同桌的試卷).
having peeked at his neighbor’s test paper
（考點(diǎn)：動(dòng)名詞的完成式）
6) We congratulated her on _______________(被提升為經(jīng)理).
being promoted to manager
（考點(diǎn)：動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式）
九、非謂語動(dòng)詞用法區(qū)別 10
1) Success means _______________(非常努力地工作).
working very hard.
（考點(diǎn)：mean表示“意味著”）
2) John meant _______________(開車去那兒，但他的車出了故障).
to drive there, but his car broke down
（考點(diǎn)：mean表示“打算”）
3) I heard him _______________(在跟他的母親談話).
talking to his mother
（考點(diǎn)：強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行）
4) I heard him _______________(跟他的母親談了一個(gè)小時(shí)).
talk to his mother for an hour
（考點(diǎn)：強(qiáng)調(diào)整個(gè)過程）
5) He jumped into the pool to save the child _______________(結(jié)果卻摔斷了自己的腿).
only to break his own leg
（考點(diǎn)：意料之外的結(jié)果）
6) He jumped from the burning house, _______________(摔斷了雙腿).
breaking his legs
（考點(diǎn)：意料之中的結(jié)果）
7) He was happy _______________(看到父母很健康).
to see his parents in good health
（考點(diǎn)：不定式作原因狀語位于句末）
8) _______________(看到父母安然無恙), he issued a sigh of relief.
Seeing his parents safe and sound
（考點(diǎn)：分詞作原因狀語位于句首）
9) _______________(跟隨著它的腳印), the zoologists spotted the hungry panda.
Following its footprints
（考點(diǎn)：現(xiàn)在分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)主動(dòng)）
10) The pop, _______________(后面跟著兩個(gè)保鏢), came to meet his fans.
followed by two body guards
（考點(diǎn)：過去分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng)）
十、名詞從句 11
1) _______________(他們?yōu)槭裁措x開家鄉(xiāng)去云南) is still a secret.
Why they left their hometown for Yunnan
（考點(diǎn)：主語從句）
2) _______________(最讓我不解的) was that he spoke English so well.
What confused me most
（考點(diǎn)：同上）
3) _______________(這么做是故意的) became obvious.
That this was done on purpose
（考點(diǎn)：同上）
4) It is not clear yet _______________(誰應(yīng)該為這件事負(fù)責(zé)).
who should be responsible for this matter
（考點(diǎn)：較長的主語從句可以后置，用it作形式主語）
5) It is none of your business _______________(瑪麗與誰訂婚).
whom Mary is engaged to
（考點(diǎn)：同上）
6) Don’t put off till tomorrow _______________(今天能做的事).
what can be done today
（考點(diǎn)：賓語從句）
7) This novel is just _______________(我一直在尋找的).
what I have been looking for
（考點(diǎn)：表語從句）
8) It is not yet known _______________(機(jī)器人是否有一天能擁有象人一樣的視力).
whether/if robots will one day have vision as good as human vision
（考點(diǎn)：whether/if引導(dǎo)后置的主語從句）
9) _______________(她是否喜歡那個(gè)禮物) is not clear to me.
Whether she likes the present
（考點(diǎn)：whether引導(dǎo)前置的主語從句）
10) Finally, the workers got an answer _______________(政府做不了什么事來提高他們工資).
that the Government could do nothing to raise their wages
（考點(diǎn)：同位語從句）
11) Obviously, there was little certainty _______________(主席會(huì)同意他的提議).
that the chairman would agree to this proposal
（考點(diǎn)：同上）
十一、定語從句 4
1) Everyday many tourists come to visit _______________(魯迅出生的那棟房子).
the house where Lu Xun was born
（考點(diǎn)：先行詞為地點(diǎn)，定語從句通常由where引導(dǎo)）
2) The old lady died _______________(在她兒子到達(dá)的那天).
on the day when his son arrived
（考點(diǎn)：先行詞為時(shí)間，定語從句通常由when引導(dǎo)）
3) This is _______________(我贊成這一改革的理由).
the reason why I am in favor of this reform
（考點(diǎn)：先行詞為reason，定語從句通常由why引導(dǎo)）
4) Some of the roads were flooded, _______________(這使我們的旅程更為艱難).
which made our journey more difficult
（考點(diǎn)：非限制性定語從句）
十二、狀語從句 4
1) _______________(不管我們談?wù)撌裁?, Jim brings polities into the discussion.
Whatever we talk about
（考點(diǎn)：讓步狀語從句）
2) _______________(不管觀眾中的一些人如何使勁地難為他), the comedian always had a quick, sharp reply.
However hard some people in the audience tried to upset him
3) We climbed high _______________(這樣我們就可以看到更好的風(fēng)景).
so that we might get a better view
（考點(diǎn)：目的狀語從句）
4) You can go out _______________(只要你答應(yīng)晚上11點(diǎn)以前回來).
as long as you promise to be back before 11 at night
（考點(diǎn)：條件狀語從句）
十三、比較級(jí)最高級(jí) 4
1) Does she dance _______________(跟她姐姐一樣地優(yōu)美)?
as gracefully as her sister
（考點(diǎn)：同級(jí)比較）
2) The buildings look _______________(在倫敦比在這兒難看得多).
far uglier in London than here
（考點(diǎn)：用副詞或詞組來修飾比較級(jí)）
3) This is _______________(他畫的最好的畫之一).
one of the best pictures that he has ever painted
（考點(diǎn)：最高級(jí)）
4) The higher you climb, _______________(空氣就越稀薄).
the thinner the air becomes
（考點(diǎn)：“越……越……”結(jié)構(gòu)）
十四、倒裝句 5
1) Scarcely had she fallen asleep _______________(一陣敲門聲就把她吵醒).
when a knock at the door awakened her
（考點(diǎn)：Hardly/ Scarcely …when…結(jié)構(gòu)）
2) No sooner had Anne arrived _______________(就生病了).
than she fell ill
（考點(diǎn)：No sooner…than…結(jié)構(gòu)）
3) The husband was not hospitable to the visitor. _______________(他妻子也沒說一句歡迎的話).
Nor did the wife say a word of welcome.
（考點(diǎn)：nor表示“后者與前者一樣地不……”）
4) Only then _______________(那個(gè)醫(yī)生才意識(shí)到他的病人需要手術(shù)).
did the doctor realize that his patient needed surgery
（考點(diǎn)：only引導(dǎo)的狀語位于句首，句子倒裝）
5) Only when you adjust down your price _______________(我們才能做成這筆買賣).
can we conclude the business
（考點(diǎn)：同上）
十五、強(qiáng)調(diào)句 5
1) _______________(正是Jefferson寫下了) the Declaration of Independence.
It was Jefferson who wrote
（考點(diǎn)：強(qiáng)調(diào)主語）
2) _______________(作者是帶著真摯的情感)praises all that is progressive.
It is with genuine feeling that the author（考點(diǎn)：強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語）
3) _______________(正是因?yàn)樗疂q了)we could not cross the river.
It was because the water had risen that（考點(diǎn)：強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語從句）
4) _______________(人們聽見正是Jim 這個(gè)無情的家伙) shouting at his mother in the dead of night.
It was Jim, the heartless fellow, who was heard（考點(diǎn)：強(qiáng)調(diào)主語）
5) _______________(直到我告訴她) Mrs. Williams knew anything about it.
It was not until I told her that
（考點(diǎn)：強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語從句）
