圖片來(lái)源:Pixabay 作者 CONOR FEEHLY 翻譯 阿金 編輯 魏瀟 一支由挪威科技大學(xué)(Norwegian University of Science and Technology)流行病學(xué)家組成的團(tuán)隊(duì)總結(jié)了從 1961 年至 2020 年底頭痛的流行病學(xué)研究,數(shù)據(jù)包括一般性頭痛、偏頭痛和緊張性頭痛,結(jié)果表明,每年全球有 52% 的人患有某種形式的頭痛疾病。 研究總結(jié)的 357 篇論文大部分來(lái)自高收入國(guó)家。在被納入的研究論文中,采樣人群不僅限于臨床研究中的患者,還包括更廣泛的職業(yè)背景,例如公司員工、大學(xué)生和醫(yī)院職工。 將所有資料匯總之后,作者評(píng)估道,全球范圍內(nèi),偏頭痛的患病率為 14%,而緊張性頭痛的患病率則為 26%。 “每天,全球 15.8% 的人遭受過(guò)頭痛?!弊髡邍?yán)肅地指出。 研究人員還發(fā)現(xiàn),與男性相比,所有頭痛類型都更常見于女性群體。其中,偏頭痛在兩性之間的差異最大(女性患病率為 17%,而在男性則為 8.6%)。而且,女性還更容易將自己的頭痛報(bào)告為持續(xù)性健康問(wèn)題,6% 的女性表示自己每個(gè)月頭痛會(huì)持續(xù) 15 天甚至更久,與此相比,同樣情況的男性只有 2.9%。 許多研究對(duì)于全球頭痛患病率有自己的估計(jì)值,但結(jié)果天差地別。 建模表明,偏頭痛發(fā)病率估值中 6% 的差異可以通過(guò)論文發(fā)表的不同年份來(lái)解釋,發(fā)表時(shí)間越接近現(xiàn)在,估算發(fā)病率就越高。然而,發(fā)表日期和其他頭痛類型之間沒(méi)有這樣的關(guān)聯(lián)。 盡管偏頭痛似乎在增多,但團(tuán)隊(duì)注意到,這不是唯一可能的解釋。 作者說(shuō):“隨著時(shí)間的推移,偏頭痛的顯著增加可能是真實(shí)情況,這也許與環(huán)境、生理、行為或者心理變化相關(guān),但更可能與多年來(lái)科技方法的發(fā)展相關(guān)。研究可及性和參與相關(guān)技術(shù)得到加強(qiáng),診斷工具也有所改進(jìn)?!?/span> 研究人員調(diào)查了方法因素,例如甄別問(wèn)卷、樣本大小、發(fā)表年份,以及診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等研究實(shí)際應(yīng)用的方法,發(fā)現(xiàn)這些能解釋偏頭痛評(píng)發(fā)病率估值中 29.9% 的差異,但對(duì)其他頭痛類型的影響較小。 由于大部分被納入的研究來(lái)自醫(yī)療系統(tǒng)完善的高收入國(guó)家,研究人員提醒,不要將這些發(fā)現(xiàn)結(jié)果推廣到所有國(guó)家。如果能夠從中低收入國(guó)家收集更多的數(shù)據(jù),他們將能獲得更加精準(zhǔn)的全球評(píng)估結(jié)果。 盡管對(duì)于頭痛全球發(fā)病率的確切數(shù)字還存在些不確定性,但該綜述以及其他研究都一致表明,頭痛疾病給全球造成了巨大的健康負(fù)擔(dān)。 2019 年更新的全球疾病負(fù)擔(dān)(Global Burden of Disease)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),僅偏頭痛這一類就是導(dǎo)致殘疾的第二大原因,在 50 歲以下女性群體中則是第一大病因,凸顯了頭痛疾病是全球主要的公共衛(wèi)生關(guān)切問(wèn)題。 “我們發(fā)現(xiàn),頭痛疾病的流行程度在全球范圍內(nèi)高居不下,而不同頭痛類型的負(fù)擔(dān)可能影響到許多人。我們應(yīng)該采取行動(dòng),通過(guò)預(yù)防與更好的治療手段,減輕這一負(fù)擔(dān)?!眮?lái)自挪威科技大學(xué)的神經(jīng)學(xué)家拉爾斯·雅各布·斯托夫納(Lars Jacob Stovner)如此說(shuō)道。 “為了測(cè)量這些行動(dòng)的效果,我們必須能夠監(jiān)測(cè)不同社會(huì)中的發(fā)病率和負(fù)擔(dān)。我們的研究有助于理解如何改進(jìn)研究方法。” 該綜述研究發(fā)表在《頭痛與疼痛期刊》(Journal of Headache and Pain)上。 原文鏈接: https://www./over-50-of-world-s-population-is-likely-affected-by-this-health-disorder-every-year 【標(biāo)題】The global prevalence of headache: an update, with analysis of the influences of methodological factors on prevalence estimates 【作者】Lars Jacob Stovner, Knut Hagen, Mattias Linde & Timothy J. Steiner 【時(shí)間】2022 年 4 月 12 日 【期刊】The Journal of Headache and Pain 【DOI】10.1186/s10194-022-01402-2 【鏈接】https://thejournalofheadacheandpain./articles/10.1186/s10194-022-01402-2 【摘要】 Background According to the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, headache disorders are among the most prevalent and disabling conditions worldwide. GBD builds on epidemiological studies (published and unpublished) which are notable for wide variations in both their methodologies and their prevalence estimates. Our first aim was to update the documentation of headache epidemiological studies, summarizing global prevalence estimates for all headache, migraine, tension-type headache (TTH) and headache on ≥15?days/month (H15+), comparing these with GBD estimates and exploring time trends and geographical variations. Our second aim was to analyse how methodological factors influenced prevalence estimates. Methods In a narrative review, all prevalence studies published until 2020, excluding those of clinic populations, were identified through a literature search. Prevalence data were extracted, along with those related to methodology, world region and publication year. Bivariate analyses (correlations or comparisons of means) and multiple linear regression (MLR) analyses were performed. Results From 357 publications, the vast majority from high-income countries, the estimated global prevalence of active headache disorder was 52.0% (95%CI 48.9–55.4), of migraine 14.0% (12.9–15.2), of TTH 26.0% (22.7–29.5) and of H15+?4.6% (3.9–5.5). These estimates were comparable with those of migraine and TTH in GBD2019, the most recent iteration, but higher for headache overall. Each day, 15.8% of the world’s population had headache. MLR analyses explained less than 30% of the variation. Methodological factors contributing to variation, were publication year, sample size, inclusion of probable diagnoses, sub-population sampling (e.g., of health-care personnel), sampling method (random or not), screening question (neutral, or qualified in severity or presumed cause) and scope of enquiry (headache disorders only or multiple other conditions). With these taken into account, migraine prevalence estimates increased over the years, while estimates for all headache types varied between world regions. Conclusion The review confirms GBD in finding that headache disorders remain highly prevalent worldwide, and it identifies methodological factors explaining some of the large variation between study findings. These variations render uncertain both the increase in migraine prevalence estimates over time, and the geographical differences. More and better studies are needed in low- and middle-income countries. |
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