賓語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句和感嘆句

一、賓語(yǔ)從句

一、什么是賓語(yǔ)從句？

試比較 We know him. 簡(jiǎn)單句

主 謂 賓

We know he likes English. 復(fù)合句

主 謂 主 謂 賓

賓

賓語(yǔ)從句就是用一個(gè)句子來(lái)構(gòu)成主句的賓語(yǔ)

⑴ 由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句

如I hear (that) he will be back in an hour.

He said (that) he missed us very much.

注：that 在句中無(wú)詞匯意義，在從句中不能充當(dāng)成分，在口語(yǔ)當(dāng)中往往省略。

⑵ 由whether和if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句

① if/whether 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句 表示'是否'

② if/whether可互換, 但whether…or not為固定搭配.

如I wonder if/whether she is right .

They didn't know whether Tom could come back or not .

⑶ 原句如果是特殊疑問(wèn)句，變賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)要用用特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)

疑問(wèn)代詞：who,whom,what,which,whose （在從句中做成分）

疑問(wèn)副詞：when,where,why,how （在從句中不做成分）

Do you know who(whom) they are waiting for?

Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?

I don't know why the train is late.

2、 賓語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)

如The teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun.

三、賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序

陳述句的語(yǔ)序，即是'主語(yǔ)在前，謂語(yǔ)在后'的順序。

如Danny says that he will learn English.

Do you know where he came from?

Please tell me how I can get to the bus station .

四、總結(jié)

that

引導(dǎo)詞

if/whether

賓語(yǔ)從句三要素 時(shí)態(tài)

語(yǔ)序：陳述句語(yǔ)序

隨堂練習(xí)

1. ---Could you tell me _______she is looking for?

---Her cousin,Susan.

A.that B.whose C .who D.which

2. He is not sure ________ to watch TV or go to bed.

A. if B. whether C. that D. /

3. --- Do you know ______ tomorrow？--- At 8 o'clock.A. when did she come B. when she cameC. when will she come D. when she will come

4. ---Excuse me, sir. Can you tell me ______?

---She is in the classroom.

A. where Linda was B. where is Linda

C. where was Linda D. where Linda is

5. I don't know _______ he will come tomorrow. _______ he comes, I'll tell you．

A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If

二、定語(yǔ)從句

I like music that/which I can sing along with.

I prefer movies that/which give me something to think about.

She likes musicians who/that play different kinds of music.

1、 定語(yǔ)從句的概念

修飾名詞或代詞的句子叫定語(yǔ)從句。 被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。 連接定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。

2、 關(guān)系代詞的用法

如果先行詞是人用who/that 連接; 如果先行詞是物用that/which連接。

注意：如果關(guān)系詞在從句中做賓語(yǔ)可以省略. 如果關(guān)系詞在從句中做主語(yǔ)不能省略。

Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle. 瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂(lè)。（that作主語(yǔ)）

The coat (thput on the desk is blue. 我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍(lán)色的。（that作賓語(yǔ)）

1. who指人,作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)(作賓語(yǔ)可省略）

The man(who) I talked with is our teacher.

Carmen likes musicians who play different kinds of music.

2.whom指人,作賓語(yǔ) (作賓語(yǔ)可省略,如介詞提前則不能省)

The man (whom/who) I talked to is Mr. Li.

The man to whom I talked is Mr. Li.

3.whose 是代詞的所有格形式, 它既可以代人也可以代物。

I saw a woman . Her bag was stolen .

I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.

Please show me the book .

Its cover is red.

Please show me the book whose cover is red.

4.which指物，作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ) (作賓語(yǔ)可省略,如介詞提前則不能省)

Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?

Is this the library from which you borrow books?

三、關(guān)系詞只能用that的情況

①先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾

He was the first person that passed the exam.

②被修飾ll, any, much，many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代詞時(shí)

Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？

③先行only, the very, the same, the last, little, few等詞修飾時(shí)

　This is the same bike that I lost.

④先行詞里同時(shí)含有人或物時(shí)

　I can rememberll the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.

⑤以who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句，為避免重復(fù)，只能用that.

　Who is the girl that is crying？

隨堂練習(xí)

1. I like singers _____write their own songs.

A. who B. what C. when D. which

2. Tom is the man about ____I talked yesterday.

A. why B. that C. whom D. where

3. He likes the movies ______ have monsters.

A. / B. which C. who D. where

4. She is the person ______hair is black.

A. that B. whom C. who D. whose

5. The robbers shouted, 'Hands up! I'll shoot anyone ______moves!'

A.whom B.that C.who D.whose

6. The boy _____ parents died two years ago lives with his grandpa now.

A. whose B. who C. his D./

7.The man_______ is smoking is a bus driver.

A. whom B. who C. which D. what

三、感嘆句

① 感嘆句是表示喜怒哀樂(lè)等強(qiáng)烈感情的句子。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，感嘆句是由 what 或 how引導(dǎo)，句末用感嘆句。what修飾名詞，how修飾形容詞、副詞。

1) _______ delicious food it is!

2) _______ delicious the food is!

② 感嘆句的解題方法：'一找、二斷、三辨、四確定'

一找：找出句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)

二斷：從句子的主語(yǔ)部分?jǐn)嚅_

三辨：辨別主語(yǔ)前面那個(gè)詞的詞性

四確定: 主語(yǔ)前面的那個(gè)詞是形容詞則用how; 是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，用what a/an;

是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞用what

隨堂練習(xí)

⑴ _______ food you've cooked!

A. How a nice B. What a nice C. How nice D. What nice

⑵ _______ terrible weather we've been having these days!

A. What B. What a C. How D. How a

⑶ _______ beautiful day it is! Let's go and have a picnic in the park.

A. How B. How a C. What D. What a

⑷ _______ great news it is! We'll have a school trip next week.

A. What a B. What C. How D. How an

⑸ ---With the help of doctors, the boy can see again.

---_______ he is!

A. What luckily B. What a luck C. How lucky D.How a luck

綜合練習(xí)

1. Can you tell me _________ ?

A. where does Tom live B. where Tom lived C. Tom lives where D. where Tom lives

2. I didn't know _______ he will come or not.

A. that B. whether C. weather D. how

3. I wonder _________ .

A. how much cost these shoes B. how much do these shoes cost

C. how much these shoes cost D. how much are these shoes cost

4. The doctor asked me how long ________ .

A. was I ill B. have I been ill C. I have been ill D. I had been ill

5. I don't know _________ he will come tomorrow. _________ he comes, I'll tell you．

A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If

6. She told me the sun ______ in the east.

A. rise 　B. rose 　C. rises 　D. had risen

7. No one tells us______， so we need your help.

A. how we should do B. what should we do C. how to do it D. what to do it

8．Did you find the notebook ______ Jim had given me for my birthday?

　A. who B. whom C. which D. whose

9. The man ________ coat is black is waiting at the gate.

　A. who's B. whose C. that D. of which

10. The girl ________ is reading under the tree ________ my sister.

　A. which, is B. whom, was C. who , is D. who, was

11. Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one

12. George Mallory was an English teacher _______ loved climbing.

　A. who B. whom C. he D. which

13. He never reads anything ______ is not worth reading.

　A. that B. as C. who D. which

14. _______ dangerous the animals are !

A. What a B. What C. How D. How a

15. _______ exciting film we saw yesterday !

A. What a B. How a C. How an D. What an