|
有學(xué)生在后臺問到裝這種語法現(xiàn)象。今天給大家整理下倒裝這種語法現(xiàn)象。 英語的語序有兩種。 1、英語句子的語序通常是主語在前,謂語在后,這種語序稱作正常語序或自然語序。 2、倒裝語序，有時出于語法或為達到某種修辭目的(強調(diào)、承上啟下、平衡等)的需要,要把謂語動詞放在主語前面,這種語序稱作倒裝( Inversion)語序。 倒裝分為以下兩種： A.完全倒裝 將謂語動詞完全移至主語之前,是完全倒裝( Full Inversion) Our teacher came in.( Our teacher是主語,came是謂語,in是狀語;主語在前,謂語在后,是正常語序) In came our teacher.(整個謂語came放到了主語 our teacher的前面,因此是完全倒裝 B.部分倒裝 如果只是把助動詞或情態(tài)動詞放在主語之前,稱為部分倒裝 I will never forgive her.(I是主語, will forgive是謂語,her是賓語, never是狀語。) Never will I forgive her.(謂語部分will forgive中will放到了主語I的前面,而 forgive還在主語后面,因此是部分倒裝。部分倒裝的構(gòu)成同一般疑問句的構(gòu)成方法相似,)再如 Only by working hard can you succeed.(部分倒裝) Not a word did he say that day.(部分倒裝) 其中，一般疑問句也可以看作是一種倒裝。在there be句型中,be后的名詞是句子的實義主語,be是句子的謂語,可以看作謂語動詞放在主語的前面,因此,有語法家把 there be句型也看作倒裝句。 第一部分 完全倒裝 口訣：時間地點在前方，名倒代不倒 1、在以here, there, out, in, up, down, now, then, away等副詞開頭時 A.謂語動詞為be, come, go, run, walk, rush, fall, follow, begin, end等,主語又是名詞,主謂要用完全倒裝 There goes the bell. Away walked the stranger. Here comes the bus. Now comes your turn. Out ran two little boys. Then followed a shot of gun. 注意：不用進行時 B.當(dāng)主語是代詞時,則不能把謂語動詞放在主語前面 Look! Here they come. Away they went. Back they fought. Here he comes. Up it flew. 2、當(dāng)句首為表示地點的介詞短語,而句子的主語又為名詞時 那么句子的主語和謂語完全倒裝 Outside the classroom stood an old man . On the wall hangs a large map of China. East of the town lies a beautiful lake. They arrived at a house, in front of which sat a small boy. 但主語是代詞時,則不能把謂語動詞放在主語前面 In the armchair she sat. 特殊的（考的概率極低）： 進行時和被動語態(tài)用倒裝時的情況 A foreigner was sitting at the table. à Sitting at the table was a foreigner. A student was killed on the road. à Killed on the road was a student. 第二部分 不完全倒裝（口訣：NOS） 部分倒裝實際是一般疑問句語序 部分倒裝( Partial inversion)(又稱半倒裝):指將謂語的一部分放在主語前面。實際上,這種部分倒裝的構(gòu)成同一般疑問句構(gòu)成相似。如 ①You can achieve the goal only in this way. Only in this way can you achieve the goal. ② I have never seen him before. Never have I seen him before. ③He knows little about me. Little does he know about me 注意：復(fù)合句的從句用陳述語序而不用疑問語序,因此半倒裝在復(fù)合句中用在主句中而不是從句中。 1. When he will arrive is not known yet. 2. My question is how I can get there quickly. 3.Where do you think he lives? 三句話中的畫橫線部分為從句 部分倒裝的常見三種形式（NOS系列）： 形式一：N系列，當(dāng)以表示否定、半否定的詞或詞組開頭時 當(dāng)never, never before, not, no, little, seldom, nowhere, hardly /scarcely.. when, no sooner. than, not only. but also, not until, by no means , in no case, in no way, in no time, no longer等表示否定或半否定意義的副詞、介詞短語、連詞等放在句首時,用部分倒裝 1?? The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only was the teachers' energy saved, but students became more interested in the lessons.(2009年全國卷單選) 注意：not only...but laso 句型中，not only緊跟部分用倒裝，but also后部分用陳述語序 2??Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.（1995年全國卷單選） 注意：not until后為從句，從句部分不用倒裝，主句部分用倒裝。 形式二，O系列，“only 狀語”位于句首時,主句用部分倒裝 Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing. 注意：Only修飾主語時, 句子不需要倒裝 Only he knows the truth. 形式三，S系列，以so, neither; nor開頭的句子或分句中 A.當(dāng)上下文說的是同一人或同一事,后面是對前面所說的 情況加以肯定,此時,后面主謂結(jié)構(gòu)不倒裝 —Your father smoked a lot —So he did Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. B.前后兩個分句所敘述對象不同時,后面分句用倒裝語序;肯定句用 so do we,否定句用 neither/nor do we I can speak English, （and） so can you. I have never heard of such a thing, neither has she. Tom didn't finish his homework. nor did Jane. |
|
|
