中學英語6種特殊句式 特殊句式包含: A. there be 句型 B. 倒裝句 C. 強調句 D. 省略句 E. 插入語 F. 分隔句式 A. there be 句型 1、 there be 句型的意義:表示“某處有某物”。 2、 there be 句型的時態(tài)there is/are ; there was/were ; there will be /there going to be ; 3、 there be 句型的特殊用法: there be 不可與have 連用 there be 后的謂語動詞遵循就近原則 there be 的反義疑問句為謂語動詞+there there +具體的動詞 使表達更生動 there be 的非謂語動詞為 若前面的動詞后是不定式時,就用there to be 若前面的動詞后是v-ing 時,就用 there being 4、 there be 句型的固定搭配 there is no use / sense / point + v-ing there is no need +to do there is no doubt +that 從句 蔡章兵主編QQ757722345 二、部分倒裝(高考考點) 1、由as、though、that、引導讓步狀語從句要用部分倒裝或前置 2、含有否定意義的副詞、連接詞放在句首引起的部分倒裝 3、 “so(nor, neither)+助動詞 + 主語”與“so(nor, neither)+主語+助動詞”之間的區(qū)別以及與“ so + 主語+ 助動詞”的句式區(qū)別 4、省略if的虛擬條件句以had / were / should開頭引起的部分倒裝 5、not until 置于句首引起后面句子的部分倒裝 6、only 短語置于句首引起的部分倒裝 1、由as、though、that、引導讓步狀語從句要用部分倒裝或前置,主語是代詞時不倒裝。 句式為:表語/狀語/動詞原形+as+主語+其他。 Clever as he is,he does n’t study well.雖然他很聰明,但他學習不好。 Child as he is, he knows a lot.雖然他是個孩子,但他懂得不少事情。 注意:表語前的名詞無形容詞修飾時冠詞要省略 Much as I like it,I won’t buy it.雖然我非常喜歡它,但我不買它。 Try as she might, she failed.雖然她試過了,但還是失敗了。 =Although she try as she can, she failed . 2、含有否定意義的副詞、連接詞放在 句首 引起的 部分倒裝 表示否定的副詞 never,nor,neither, 表示半否定意義的副詞 hardly,few,seldom,little, 含有no和not的詞組 by no means(決不),in no time(很快), at no time(在任何時候都不),(在任何情況下都不) not until,not only...but also, no sooner...than=hardly...when/scarcely...when。 倒裝結構:“否定詞+助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語+其他”,注意復合句倒裝的是主句。 Never have I been in this city.我從沒到過這座城市。 Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted. 直到我參加了工作我才意識到我浪費了多少時間。 3、“so(nor, neither)+助動詞 + 主語” ①“so+助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/系動詞+主語” 表示前面敘述的情況也適合于另一個人或物,意為“也,同樣,也如此”。 ②“neither nor+助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/系動詞+主語” 表示前面敘述的否定情況也適合于另一個人或物。 奇速英語24個故事速記3500詞匯!讓您對英語更有興趣,學習更有效率 注意: 1 當so表示對前句內容的肯定、符合,或進一步強調前面所說的情況,或者贊同前面的說法時,應用自然語序。意為 “的確,正是”。 —Tom works hard.湯姆工作很賣力?!猄o he does and so do you.的確如此,你也是。 2)倒裝部分的助動詞、情態(tài)動詞、連系動詞的時態(tài)和形式要與前句相一致。 If you don’t go,neither nor shall I.(If you don’t go,I shall not go.)你不去,我也不去。 注意:表示前面的多種情況也適合于另一人或物,或者既有肯定又有否定情況或涉及到不同類型的動詞時可用:It is the same with sth./sb.或 So it is with sth./sb.句型。 She does well in English,but is poor in maths.So it is with Lucy. 她英語學得好,但數(shù)學學的差,露茜也是如此。 4、省略if的虛擬條件句以had / were / should開頭引起的部分倒裝 如果虛擬條件句的謂語含有were,should ,were 可以把if省略而將這三個詞放于條件句主語前構成倒裝。 If it hadn’t been for their help,we couldn’t have finished the work on time. =Hadn’t it been for their help,we couldn’t have finished the work on time. 要不是由于他們的幫助,我們不可能按時完成那項工作。 5、 在not until ,hardly…when,no sooner…than 置于句首引起后面句子的部分倒裝主句須部分倒裝。 Hardly had he arrived when it began to snow.他一到,天就下起雪來了。 6、only 短語置于句首引起的部分倒裝 “only+副詞/ 介詞短語/ 狀語從句”開頭的句子。 Only then did I realize the importance of English.直到那時我才意識到英語的重要性。 Only in this way can you make progress in your English. 只有通過這種方式你學英語才會取得進步。 注意: 1)在only+狀語從句+主句結構中,主句用倒裝結構但從句用正常語序。 2)only修飾主語,不倒裝。Only Tom knows the answer.只有湯姆知道答案。 7、頻度副詞及短語often,always,now and then ,many a time ,every other day等放在句首時有時也倒裝。 Many a time has he come to comfort me.他來安慰了我好多次。 Often did he warn them not to do so.他經(jīng)常告誡他們不要那樣去做。 8、某些表示祝愿句子也用倒狀語序。 May you succeed.祝你成功! Long live the Communist Party of China!中國共產(chǎn)黨萬歲! C.強調句 強調句是為了對一定語境下的部分內容進行突出而采用的一種修辭手段。 強調的方式主要有以下三種: 一、使用強調句型進行強調 1、陳述句的強調句型: It is/ was + 被強調部分(主、賓、狀)+ that/ who(當強調主語且主語指人)+ 其它部分 強調句的否定句形式為:It is / was not + 被強調部分+ that / who ... 2、一般疑問句的強調句型:同上,只是把is/ was提到it前面。 3、特殊疑問句的強調句型: 被強調部分(通常是疑問代詞或疑問副詞)+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其它部分? When and where was it that you were born? 4、注意:構成強調句的it本身沒有詞義;強調句中的連接詞一般只用that, who,即使在強調時間狀語和地點狀語時也如此,that, who不可省略;強調句中的時態(tài)只用兩種,一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時。原句謂語動詞是一般過去時、過去完成時和過去進行時,用It was … ,其余的時態(tài)用It is … 。 5、not … until … 句型的強調句 句型為:It is/ was not until + 被強調部分 + that + 其它部分 普通句:He didn’t go to bed until/ till his wife came back. 強調句:It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed. 注意:此句型只用until,不用till。但如果不是強調句型,till, until可通用;因為句型中It is/ was not … 已經(jīng)是否定句了,that后面的從句要用肯定句,切勿再用否定句了。 二、.使用倒裝句進行強調 三、利用詞語進行強調 (1)用very、good and、nice and、強調名詞You are the very person for this job. (2)用right/just強調副詞性詞組I put that book right here a moment ago. (3)用on earth、in the world、the hell 、置于疑問詞后,表示“到底,究竟”以加強語氣。 What on earth is the matter there?那里究竟發(fā)生了什么事? (4)用ever系列強調 This is the best ever! Whatever you do, wherever you go, I will waiting for you . (5)It is/ was … that … 結構不能強調謂語,需要強調謂語時,用助動詞do/ does或did。 He did write to you last week. 上周他確實給你寫了信。 Do be careful when you cross the street. 過馬路時,務必(千萬)要小心啊! 注意:此種強調只用do/ does和did ,沒有別的形式;后面的謂語動詞用原形。 D. 省略句 省略是為了使句子更簡潔,同時又不影響句子意義的表達。 一、功能詞的省略 1、冠詞的省略 a) 兩個并列的名詞前面,第二個可以省略 注意:如果省去冠詞會誤會為一個人則不省略。 b) 家庭成員后面列舉的可以省略 c) 表示獨一無二的職位前,這個職業(yè)不具體指只是某個人前的冠詞,比如總統(tǒng),主席 2、介詞的省略 have difficulty / problem / trouble+(in)+ving spend (in)+ving there is no use / sense / point +(in)+ v-ing stop / prevent (from)+ v-ing be busy +(in)+ving end up +(by) +ving take turns (at ) +ving have a good / great /fun /hard / time +(in)+ving 3、連詞的省略:not (only)…but(also); that 定語從句,等 二、.句子成分的省略 1.可省略主語和謂語。 A word about your composition.我現(xiàn)在談一下你的作文。(省略了I'll say...) Though tired,he was not disheartened.他雖然累了,但沒有泄氣。(省略了he was...) 2.可省去從句。 You have done better this time.這一次你做得好些了。(省去從句than you did before) 3.可用不定式to,省去前面提到的謂語動詞。 Jack didn’t pass the driving test,but he still hope to.(to后省去了pass) 杰克沒有通過駕駛證考試,但他仍希望能通過。 4.可用so,not省略前面提到的事,表肯定與否定。 —Do you think it’s going to rain over the weekend?你認為周末會下雨嗎? —I believe not/I believe so.我想不會/我想會的。 (即I don’t believe it’s going to rain) 5.根據(jù)不同語境可省略不同成分。如: only if,If only,what so ever, in case 三、句子的省略 1、特殊疑問句的省略。 Where to?去哪里?(=Where are you going to?) What for?為什么?(例如:What do you come here for?你來這里干什么?) Why not do it?為什么不做那件事呢?(=Why don’t you do it?) How/What about(sb)doing sth.?做某事怎么樣? 2、比較從句中的省略 I love classic music more than (I like)rock and roll. He is no longer so shy as (he was) before. 3、在時間狀語和條件狀語從句中的省略 While (I was) on the street, I came across a friend of mine. If (you are) offered help, never forget to say “Thank you!” If (it is) possible, I would like to go there tomorrow. 4、在其他狀語從句中的省略 I won’t go there unless (I am) invited. Things have turned out just as (they were) expected. How beautiful ( it is)! 5、在并列從句中的省略 The girls are very hard-working; the boys (are very hard-working) too. The news made some people happy, but (it made) some (other people) sad. 6、命令和請求 No talking! Silent, everybody! 7、特定問題的回答 —Where have you been?—(I’ve been) Out. —Have you been waiting long?—(I’ve been waiting for) About an hour. 8、.簡略的提問句 —Tom, go and water the flowers. —Why (do you make) me (water the flowers)? 四、習慣上的省略(沒有意義)。 E. 插入語 插入語是為了使語言更具有說服力或者準確,相當于進一步補充說明。他們在結構上與基本局不發(fā)生一致、支配、附加等語法關系。奇速英語通常與句中其它部分沒有語法上的聯(lián)系,將它刪掉之后,句子結構仍然完整。 插入語在句中有時是對一句話的一些附加解釋、說明或總結;有時表達說話者的態(tài)度和看法;有時起強調的作用;有時是為了引起對方的注意;還可以起轉移話題或說明事由的作用;也可以承上啟下,使句子銜接得更緊密一些。 掌握這一語言現(xiàn)象不僅有利于對英語句子等的理解,還有利于提高寫作等的水平。插入語的類型較多,常見的如下幾種: 一、形容詞(短語)作插入語: true,wonderful,excellent,strange to say,most important of all, sure enough 二、副詞(短語)作插入語: indeed,surely,still,otherwise,certainly,however,generally, personally,honestly,fortunately,luckily,though,besides,exactly,perhaps,maybe,probably,frankly,or rather 三、介詞短語作插入語: in fact,in one’s opinion,in general,in a word,in other words,in a few words,of course,by the way,as a result,for example,on the contrary,on the other hand,to one’s surprise,in short,as a matter of fact,in conclusion,in brief 四、V-ing(短語)作插入語: generally speaking,strictly speaking,judging from by,talking of, considering 五、不定式短語作插入語: to be frank, to be honest, to be sure, to tell you the truth, to make matters worse, to sum up, to start with, to begin with 六、句子(陳述句和一般疑問句): I think / hope / guess / know / believe / suppose, I am sure (我可以肯定地說), that is ( to say )(也就是說), it seems (看來是), as I see it (照我看來), what's more, what's worse, what is important / serious (重要 / 嚴重的是), I'm afraid (恐怕) , it is said (據(jù)說), as we all know (眾所周知) 插入句獨立性強,一般用標點符號將其與其他句子成分隔開。應當特別注意疑問句的插入句,它一般為倒裝語序且無任何標點符號,而且整個疑問句應當保持陳述語序。 ( 1 ) What should I do first? What do you think I should do first? (被插入的疑問句原來為倒裝語序,插入后成為陳述語序) ( 2 ) Who is singing? Who do you think is singing? (被插入的疑問句原來就是陳述語序,不需要做調整) F 分隔句式 1.定語從句對主謂結構的分隔 The country life he was used to _____ greatly since the opening policy. A. changed B. has changed C. changing D. having changed 分析:句中 he was used to 為定語從句,修飾先行詞即主句的主語,而不能對其后的謂語起任何作用,因此整個句子缺少謂語動詞,故答案為B. 2.定語從句對賓補結構的分隔。 Mr. Green was disappointed to see the washing machine she had had ______ went wrong again. A. repaired B. it repaired C. repairing D. to be repaired 分析:該題考查have sth. done 結構。解此題的難點在于定語從句(that \which) she had had repaired 把賓語與賓補分隔開來。that \which 在從句中作賓語被省略了,repaired 作賓語補足語。所以選A. 3. 定語從句對賓語、定語或狀語的分隔。 Can you tell me the way you thought of _____ the problem? A. working at B. to work out C. to work for D. working out 分析:此題考查的是雙層定語。即you thought of 為限制性定語從句,to work out the problem 為后置定語,這兩部分都用來限制賓語the way .正確答案為B。 4. 定語從句對強調句的分隔 It is near the place ______ there is a bomb _____ we found the dead man. A. where; where B. where ; that C. that ; where D. that; that 分析:該題考查的是含定語從句的強調結構。where there is bomb 是定語從句,故正確的答案為B。 5. 定語從句對獨立結構的分隔。 With everything she needed ______ , she went home happily . to buy B. buying C. bought D. buy 分析:該題考查with復合結構的用法,其中定語從句(that) she needed 的使用極容易造成錯選。正確答案為C。 |
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