數(shù)據(jù)中心外包：DCO綜合指南

Data Center Outsourcing: A Comprehensive Guide to DCO

Eileen Ann | Jul 06, 2023

正在尋找數(shù)據(jù)中心外包服務(wù)商？本指南涵蓋了從成本預(yù)算到安全合規(guī)的所有內(nèi)容。

Looking for a data center outsourcing provider? In this guide, we cover everything from cost and budget to security and compliance.

如今，越來(lái)越多的企業(yè)選擇至少將數(shù)據(jù)中心運(yùn)營(yíng)的某些部分進(jìn)行外包。為什么？因?yàn)閿?shù)據(jù)中心外包(以下簡(jiǎn)稱：DCO)通過(guò)將數(shù)據(jù)中心基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和責(zé)任轉(zhuǎn)移給服務(wù)商，幫助企業(yè)降低成本，并釋放資源用于其他主營(yíng)業(yè)務(wù)。

An increasing number of organizations today are opting to outsource at least some aspects of data center operations. Why? Because data center outsourcing (DCO) helps organizations reduce costs and free up resources to dedicate to other business priorities by shifting data center infrastructure and responsibilities to a service provider.

據(jù)市場(chǎng)調(diào)研公司Data Bridge稱，到2028年，DCO市場(chǎng)規(guī)模有望達(dá)到3200億美元。IaaS（基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施即服務(wù)）需求的不斷增長(zhǎng)是推動(dòng)DCO市場(chǎng)增長(zhǎng)的因素之一。

According to market research firm Data Bridge, the data center outsourcing market will reach an estimated value of about $320 billion by 2028. Increasing demand for IaaS (Infrastructure-as-a-Service) is one factor driving DCO market growth.

無(wú)論您是想了解更多信息的DCO新手，還是熟悉DCO并準(zhǔn)備馬上開(kāi)始的（入局者），本文涵蓋了您所需要了解的一切內(nèi)容。我們探討了各不同的DCO類型和模式，權(quán)衡了其優(yōu)劣勢(shì)，分享了如何評(píng)估DCO，并概述了開(kāi)啟DCO的10步法。

Whether you’re new to DCO and curious to learn more or familiar with DCO and ready to get started today, this article covers everything you need to know. We explore the different DCO types and models, weigh the benefits and challenges, share how to evaluate a DCO service provider, and outline 10 steps to get started with DCO.

DCO，即數(shù)據(jù)中心外包，指的是將數(shù)據(jù)中心的全部或部分日常運(yùn)營(yíng)管理委托給第三方服務(wù)商的做法。外包服務(wù)可以是一年一簽或幾年一簽，遠(yuǎn)程或現(xiàn)場(chǎng)服務(wù)，可以囊括諸如信息處理、安全、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施維護(hù)、災(zāi)難恢復(fù)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)基礎(chǔ)和許多其他專業(yè)服務(wù)等服務(wù)，具體取決于企業(yè)的具體需求。

DCO, or data center outsourcing, is the practice of delegating all or some of the day-to-day management and operation of data centers to a third-party service provider. The outsourcing partnership can be annual or multi-year, occur on- or off-premises, and include services like computing, security, infrastructure maintenance, disaster recover, network essentials, and many other professional services, depending on the specific needs of an organization.

按地理位置劃分，主要有三種數(shù)據(jù)中心外包類型:在岸外包、近岸外包和離岸外包。

There are three main types of data center outsourcing by geographic location: Onshoring, Nearshoring, and Offshoring.

在岸，有時(shí)也被稱為境內(nèi)外包，指的是由位于與企業(yè)同一國(guó)家的數(shù)據(jù)中心服務(wù)商承包（服務(wù)）。在岸外包對(duì)于那些優(yōu)先考慮地理位置接近、在同一時(shí)區(qū)工作、當(dāng)?shù)胤ㄒ?guī)以及文化和語(yǔ)言兼容性等因素的企業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō)，則恰如其分。但是這種方式存在技能局限和高成本的弊端。

Onshoring, sometimes known as domestic outsourcing, refers to contracting a data center service provider located within the same country as the organization. Onshoring is an attractive option for organizations that prioritize factors such as geographic proximity, working in the same time zone, local regulations, and cultural and language compatibility. Drawbacks to this option include limitations in skillsets and higher costs.

近岸外包是指由位于企業(yè)臨近國(guó)家或地區(qū)的數(shù)據(jù)中心服務(wù)商承包（服務(wù)）。雖然不在企業(yè)的本國(guó)，但服務(wù)商在地理上足夠靠近，利于企業(yè)在節(jié)約成本和類似時(shí)區(qū)、旅行便利以及文化和語(yǔ)言相似性等優(yōu)勢(shì)上形成平衡。

Nearshoring refers to contracting a data center service provider located in a nearby country or region from the organization. While not in the organization’s home country, the service provider is close enough geographically to help the organization balance cost savings with benefits such as similar time zones, ease of travel, and cultural and language similarities.

離岸外包是指由位于遙遠(yuǎn)的國(guó)家或與企業(yè)所在不同大陸的數(shù)據(jù)中心服務(wù)商承包（服務(wù)）。該方式雖然可以通過(guò)降低勞務(wù)支出來(lái)節(jié)省大量成本，但面臨著諸如時(shí)區(qū)差異、文化或語(yǔ)言障礙，以及難以監(jiān)督或驗(yàn)證合規(guī)性和安全實(shí)踐的挑戰(zhàn)。

Offshoring refers to contracting a data center service provider located in a distant country or on a different continent than the organization. This option may provide significant cost savings through lower labor costs but can introduce challenges like considerable time zone differences, cultural or language barriers, and difficulty in overseeing or verifying compliance and security practices.

數(shù)據(jù)中心國(guó)際專家培訓(xùn)

 ATD設(shè)計(jì)課程

沒(méi)有做過(guò)運(yùn)維的設(shè)計(jì)師就無(wú)法設(shè)計(jì)出好用的數(shù)據(jù)中心嗎？ATD課程將徹底解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題

 AOS運(yùn)維課程

運(yùn)維管理的直接目標(biāo)是優(yōu)秀的運(yùn)維人員而非設(shè)備本身；全球權(quán)威的AOS運(yùn)維管理專家課程將帶您深刻理解運(yùn)維管理的本質(zhì)

 ATS管理課程

正確和系統(tǒng)地了解Tier分級(jí)體系會(huì)提升數(shù)據(jù)中心的項(xiàng)目投資回報(bào)、減少業(yè)務(wù)中斷風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，ATS課程將全面帶您學(xué)習(xí)Tier知識(shí)，幫助您有效提升企業(yè)的運(yùn)營(yíng)指標(biāo)和內(nèi)外部客戶的滿意度。

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主機(jī)托管、服務(wù)托管、云服務(wù)、混合模式這四類主要的數(shù)據(jù)中心外包模式，哪個(gè)適合您？我們接下來(lái)將詳細(xì)介紹它們，并列出每種模型的一些優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。

Four of the main DCO models are colocation, managed services, cloud services and the hybrid model. Which is right for you? We detail each of them below and list some of the pros and cons of each model.

當(dāng)企業(yè)在第三方服務(wù)商擁有和管理的數(shù)據(jù)中心中物理部署IT設(shè)備時(shí)，就會(huì)出現(xiàn)主機(jī)托管的數(shù)據(jù)中心外包模式。企業(yè)保留對(duì)其服務(wù)器、存儲(chǔ)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備的控制，而服務(wù)商則提供物理基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、電源、制冷和鏈路。

The colocation DCO model occurs when an organization、 in data centers owned and managed by a third-party provider. The organization retains control over its servers, storage, and networking equipment, while the service provider offers the physical infrastructure, power, cooling, and connectivity.

企業(yè)可能會(huì)基于類似較低入場(chǎng)成本、可擴(kuò)展性、低維護(hù)和位置靈活等優(yōu)點(diǎn)而選擇主機(jī)托管模式。選擇該模式也意味著失去完全的控制，物理訪問(wèn)靈活性較低，以及遷移困難。

Organizations may choose colocation because of several benefits, like a lower cost of entry, scalability, less maintenance, and location flexibility. Drawbacks to this option include a loss of complete control, less flexibility for physical access, and migration challenges.

托管服務(wù)數(shù)據(jù)中心外包模式發(fā)生在企業(yè)從服務(wù)商租用數(shù)據(jù)中心基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施時(shí)，有時(shí)也被稱為數(shù)據(jù)中心即服務(wù)(DCaaS)。這類服務(wù)商還將承擔(dān)日常運(yùn)營(yíng)的責(zé)任，服務(wù)內(nèi)容是確保數(shù)據(jù)中心的可用性、性能和安全性，還可能涉及硬件采購(gòu)、安裝、監(jiān)控、維護(hù)和支持。

The managed services DCO model, sometimes known as Data Center as a Service (DCaaS), occurs when an organization leases data center infrastructure from a service provider. This provider will also assume responsibility for day-to-day operations. These services may include hardware procurement, installation, monitoring, maintenance, and support, ensuring the availability, performance, and security of the data center.

這對(duì)于那些希望通過(guò)服務(wù)商的專業(yè)知識(shí)來(lái)釋放資源，以便專注于其核心業(yè)務(wù)活動(dòng)的企業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō)，托管服務(wù)模型是不可多得的選項(xiàng)。

The managed services model is an attractive option for organizations who want to leverage the service provider’s expertise to free up resources so they can focus on their core business activities.

云服務(wù)模式是將資源和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施外包給類似于亞馬遜網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)(AWS)、谷歌云或微軟云等云服務(wù)提供商。企業(yè)選擇這類模式由于可以通過(guò)web訪問(wèn)計(jì)算資源、存儲(chǔ)和應(yīng)用程序，不需要維護(hù)任何物理服務(wù)器。

The cloud services DCO model involves outsourcing resources and infrastructure to a cloud services provider like Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud, or Microsoft Azure. This option does not require maintaining any physical servers, as organizations can access computing resources, storage, and applications on the web.

企業(yè)可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)云服務(wù)商的益處，因?yàn)樗哂锌蓴U(kuò)展性、靈活性和成本效益——組織只需為他們使用的資源付費(fèi)。

Organizations may find the cloud services option beneficial because of its scalability, flexibility, and cost-efficiency – organizations only pay for the resources they use.

混合數(shù)據(jù)中心外包模式則是通過(guò)集成多中模式來(lái)滿足企業(yè)的特定需求。這（類服務(wù)）有可能包含針對(duì)核心業(yè)務(wù)的內(nèi)部、本地基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施管理，以及作為非核心業(yè)務(wù)的托管服務(wù)商。

The hybrid DCO model combines multiple models to meet an organization’s specific needs. This could include in-house, on-premises infrastructure management for core workloads and a colocation service provider for non-core activities.

混合模式最適合那些需要通過(guò)靈活的方式滿足數(shù)據(jù)中心（多種）需求的企業(yè)。

The hybrid model is best suited for organizations searching for flexibility to meet their data center needs.

• 通過(guò)規(guī)模效益和資源共享，節(jié)省如空間、電力、制冷、設(shè)備和勞動(dòng)力成本等運(yùn)營(yíng)費(fèi)用。
  

• Cost      savings for operational expenses, like      space, power, cooling, and equipment and labor costs, through economies of      scale and shared resources

• 無(wú)需不斷維護(hù)或升級(jí)服務(wù)器、網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備和存儲(chǔ)設(shè)備等硬件，即可使用最先進(jìn)的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。

• Access      to state-of-the-art infrastructure without      having to continuously fix or upgrade hardware like servers, networking      equipment, and storage equipment

• 具備擴(kuò)大或縮小規(guī)模來(lái)匹配企業(yè)需求變化的能力。

• Ability      to scale up or down to meet the changing      needs of an organization 

• 關(guān)鍵需求的可靠性，如災(zāi)難恢復(fù)和減少停機(jī)時(shí)間。

• Reliability for      critical needs like disaster recovery and reduced downtime

• 與設(shè)計(jì)和構(gòu)建本地?cái)?shù)據(jù)中心相比，入場(chǎng)門檻更低。

• Lower barrier to entry compared to designing and constructing their data centers on-premise

• 獲得在企業(yè)所在國(guó)家或地區(qū)可能難以具備的技術(shù)能力。

• Access      to skill sets that may be difficult to find in the      organization’s country or region

• 將數(shù)據(jù)中心運(yùn)營(yíng)管理資源釋放到核心業(yè)務(wù)活動(dòng)和其他戰(zhàn)略計(jì)劃中。

• Freeing      up resources from data center      operations management to core business activities and other strategic      initiatives

• 缺乏對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)中心基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和運(yùn)營(yíng)的直接控制。

• Lack of      direct control over data center infrastructure and      operations

• 因與其他企業(yè)共享設(shè)備和勞動(dòng)力資源，而可能帶來(lái)包括物理和網(wǎng)絡(luò)在內(nèi)的安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

• Security      concerns that may arise from sharing      equipment and labor resources with other organizations. This includes physical      and cyber security

• 工作方式、業(yè)務(wù)和IT目標(biāo)以及文化規(guī)范的兼容性。

• Compatibility of      working styles, business and IT goals, and cultural      norms

• 由于語(yǔ)言障礙或時(shí)區(qū)差異導(dǎo)致的溝通挑戰(zhàn)。

• Communication      challenges due      to language barriers or time zone differences

• 往返于服務(wù)商之間的差旅費(fèi)用。

• Travel      costs to and from service providers

• 在決定您的任何數(shù)據(jù)中心管理需求是否外包時(shí)，都有以下幾個(gè)因素需要考慮。
  

• There are several factors to consider when deciding whether to outsource any of your data center management needs.

• 聲譽(yù):數(shù)據(jù)中心外包服務(wù)商在可靠性和客戶滿意度方面是否有良好的記錄?

• Reputation: Does the DCO service provider have a      proven track record of reliability and customer satisfaction?

• 可擴(kuò)展性:服務(wù)商是否可以擴(kuò)展或縮小其服務(wù)以匹配企業(yè)需求的不斷變化?

• Scalability: Can the service provider scale their      services up or down to accommodate your organization’s evolving needs?

• 安全性:服務(wù)商是否具備健全的安全措施，如遵守物理安全與網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全相關(guān)的法規(guī)、數(shù)據(jù)備份、恢復(fù)流程?

• Security: Does the service provider have robust      security measures like physical security, network security, compliance      with relevant regulations, and data backup and recovery processes?

• 地理位置:服務(wù)商在地理位置上是否具備同時(shí)區(qū)、鄰近和政治穩(wěn)定等優(yōu)勢(shì)?

• Location: Is the service provider geographically      located in an area with benefits like time zone alignment, proximity, and      political stability?

• 電源和制冷:服務(wù)商是否通過(guò)冗余保證數(shù)據(jù)中心電源和制冷的可靠性?

• Power      and Cooling:      Does the service provider have redundancies to provide reliable power and      cooling to the data center?

• 服務(wù)級(jí)別協(xié)議(SLA):服務(wù)商能否清晰而全面地展示諸如事件響應(yīng)和解決時(shí)間、性能指標(biāo)、正常運(yùn)行時(shí)間保證、安全措施和升級(jí)程序的服務(wù)水平協(xié)議?

• Service      Level Agreements (SLAs): Can the service provider demonstrate      clear and comprehensive SLAs like incident response and      resolution times, performance metrics,uptime      guarantees, security measures, and escalation procedures?

• 成本:服務(wù)商的成本結(jié)構(gòu)和定價(jià)模式是否符合您的預(yù)算和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施需求?

• Cost: Does the service provider’s cost      structure and pricing model fit within your budgetary and infrastructure      needs?

• 停用:展望未來(lái)，是否有一個(gè)穩(wěn)健的計(jì)劃，在保持業(yè)務(wù)連續(xù)性、取回?cái)?shù)據(jù)和系統(tǒng)的同時(shí)，停用供應(yīng)商服務(wù)?

• Offboarding:      Thinking ahead to the future, is there a robust plan to offboard the      service provider while also maintaining business continuity and retrieving      data and systems?

當(dāng)您決定推進(jìn)數(shù)據(jù)中心外包后，接下來(lái)該如何推進(jìn)呢?我們將為您介紹成功開(kāi)啟數(shù)據(jù)中心外包之旅的10個(gè)步驟。

After you’ve decided to move forward with data center outsourcing, then what? We break down 10 steps to successful start your data center outsourcing journey.

錨定數(shù)據(jù)中心目標(biāo)，如降本增效。

Define      your data center goals like reducing costs      or improving operational efficiency.

評(píng)估數(shù)據(jù)中心的要求和需求，如可擴(kuò)展性、存儲(chǔ)和性能。

Assess      your data center requirements and needs like      scalability, storage, and performance.

確定能夠滿足您需求的潛在服務(wù)商，例如首選地點(diǎn)、經(jīng)驗(yàn)、聲譽(yù)、專業(yè)知識(shí)、成本和服務(wù)等方面。

Identify      potential service providers that      meet your needs like a preferred location, experience, reputation,      expertise, cost, and services.

進(jìn)行可行性研究，確定服務(wù)商是否符合企業(yè)的整體IT戰(zhàn)略和業(yè)務(wù)目標(biāo)。

Conduct      a feasibility study to determine if the      service provider aligns with your organization’s overall IT strategy and      business objectives.

編制建議書(shū)，基于合同條款、定價(jià)、技術(shù)能力和其他要求對(duì)服務(wù)商進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。

Request      proposals to      evaluate the service providers based on contractual terms, pricing,      technical capabilities, and other requirements.

開(kāi)展盡職調(diào)查，以核實(shí)參考資料、合規(guī)記錄、服務(wù)級(jí)別協(xié)議和資質(zhì)證書(shū)。

Conduct      due diligence to verify references,      compliance records, SLAs, and certifications.

組織實(shí)地考察，評(píng)估和檢查基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、安全措施和操作流程。

Conduct      site visits to assess and inspect      infrastructure, security measures, and operational processes.

評(píng)估和選擇服務(wù)商，（需）聯(lián)合法律和采購(gòu)團(tuán)隊(duì)。

Evaluate      and choose a service provider with your legal      and procurement teams.

制定并執(zhí)行遷移計(jì)劃，（遷移計(jì)劃）應(yīng)有明確時(shí)間點(diǎn)和責(zé)任人且應(yīng)與供應(yīng)商一并（執(zhí)行）確保無(wú)縫過(guò)渡。

Create      and execute a migration plan with      clear timelines and responsibilities in collaboration with the service      provider to ensure a seamless transition.

監(jiān)視外包數(shù)據(jù)中心，通過(guò)已建立的溝通渠道、持續(xù)評(píng)估和定期審計(jì)。

Monitor the      outsourced data center through established communication channels, ongoing      assessments, and regular audits.

問(wèn)：云計(jì)算要如何適應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)中心外包?

Q：How does cloud computing fit into data center outsourcing?

答：云計(jì)算可以被視為DCO的一種類型。企業(yè)可以通過(guò)云服務(wù)商訪問(wèn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的計(jì)算資源，而不是使用物理數(shù)據(jù)中心基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施來(lái)滿足其計(jì)算需求。

A：Cloud computing can be considered a type of DCO. Instead of using physical data center infrastructure for their computing needs, organizations can access computing resources on the web through cloud service providers.

問(wèn)：數(shù)據(jù)中心外包服務(wù)的定價(jià)方式是怎樣的？

Q：How does pricing for data center outsourcing services work?

答：定價(jià)可以采用固定、基于使用量或分級(jí)定價(jià)的形式，并取決于合同期限、所需服務(wù)、提供的支持以及安裝、遷移、數(shù)據(jù)傳輸、硬件或軟件許可費(fèi)用等輔助成本。

A:Pricing can come in the form of fixed, usage-based, or tiered pricing and depend on factors like contract length, services needed, support provided, and ancillary costs like setup, migration, data transfer, hardware, or software licensing fees.

問(wèn)：數(shù)據(jù)中心外包的合規(guī)性和安全性要求是什么?

Q：What are the compliance and security requirements for data center outsourcing?

答：合規(guī)性和安全性要求包括數(shù)據(jù)隱私、安全控制、HIPAA 或 PCI 等行業(yè)特定法規(guī)、類似SOC2(服務(wù)性機(jī)構(gòu)操作控制體系鑒證報(bào)告)或FedRAMP(針對(duì)美國(guó)政府機(jī)構(gòu))的合規(guī)認(rèn)證、審計(jì)、業(yè)務(wù)連續(xù)性和災(zāi)難恢復(fù)。

A：Compliance and security requirements include data privacy, security controls, industry-specific regulations like HIPAA or PCI, compliance certifications like SOC 2 (Service Organization Controls) or FedRAMP (for US government agencies), audits, and business continuity and disaster recovery.

問(wèn)：應(yīng)該對(duì)外包提什么樣的數(shù)據(jù)中心基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施需求？

Q：What kind of data center infrastructure do I need for outsourcing?

答：數(shù)據(jù)中心基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施需求應(yīng)包括存儲(chǔ)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、計(jì)算資源、電源和制冷、物理安全性和網(wǎng)絡(luò)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。

A：Data center infrastructure needs may include storage infrastructure, computing resources, power and cooling, physical security, and network infrastructure.

翻譯：

邱玉泉

東莞深證通信息技術(shù)有限公司 運(yùn)行經(jīng)理

DKV（DeepKnowledge Volunteer）計(jì)劃成員

校對(duì)：

馮佳璐

暖通工程師

DKV（DeepKnowledge Volunteer）計(jì)劃成員