下方視頻可放大觀看：

視頻中詞匯匯總：

Dorsal Surface足背面

Plantar Surface足底面

Lateral Maleolus外踝

Medial Maleolus內(nèi)踝

Talus距骨

Dorsiflexion背屈

Plantarflexion跖屈

Articular Cartilage關(guān)節(jié)軟骨

Collagen Fiber膠原纖維

Anterior Talofibular Ligament前距腓韌帶

Calcaneofibular Ligament跟腓韌帶

Posterior Talofibular Ligament后距腓韌帶

Deltoid Ligament三角肌韌帶

Ankle Syndesmosis踝關(guān)節(jié)（下脛腓）聯(lián)合

Anterior Inferior Tibiofibular Ligament前脛腓韌帶

Posterior Inferior Tibiofibular Ligament后脛腓韌帶

Transverse Ligament橫韌帶

Interosseus Ligament骨間韌帶

Achilles Tendon跟腱

Gastrocnemius Muscle腓腸肌

Soleus Muscle比目魚肌

Posterior Tibialis Muscle脛后肌

Anterior Tibialis Muscle脛前肌

Peroneal Muscles肺骨肌

Peroneus Longus Tendon腓骨長肌

Peroneus Brevis Tendon肺骨短肌

Posterior Tibial Nerve脛后神經(jīng)

Deep Peroneal Nerve腓深神經(jīng)

Superficial Peroneal Nerve排淺神經(jīng)

Dorsalis Pedis Artery足背動脈

Posterior Tibial Artery脛后動脈

補充文章：

The ankle joint (or talocrural joint) is a synovial joint located in the lower limb. It is formed by the bones of the leg (tibia and fibula) and the foot (talus).

踝關(guān)節(jié)(或距骨關(guān)節(jié))是位于下肢的一個滑膜關(guān)節(jié)。它由腿骨(脛骨和腓骨)和足骨(距骨)組成。

Functionally, it is a hinge type joint, permitting dorsiflexion and plantarflexion of the foot.

在功能上，它是一個鉸鏈?zhǔn)疥P(guān)節(jié)，允許足背屈和跖屈。

In this article, we shall look at the anatomy of the ankle joint; its articulating surfaces, ligaments, movements, and clinical correlations.

在這篇文章中，我們將看看踝關(guān)節(jié)的解剖學(xué);它的關(guān)節(jié)表面，韌帶，運動和臨床相關(guān)性。

Articulating Surfaces

The ankle joint is formed by three bones; the tibia and fibula of the leg, and the talus of the foot:

闡明表面

踝關(guān)節(jié)由三根骨頭組成;小腿的脛骨和腓骨，以及足的距骨:

The tibia and fibula are bound together by strong tibiofibular ligaments. Together, they form a bracket shaped socket, covered in hyaline cartilage. This socket is known as a mortise.

脛骨和腓骨由堅固的脛腓骨韌帶連接在一起。它們一起形成一個托架狀的窩，上面覆蓋著透明的軟骨。這個插座叫做榫眼。

The body of the talus fits snugly into the mortise formed by the bones of the leg. The articulating part of the talus is wedge shaped – it is broad anteriorly, and narrow posteriorly:

距骨本體與腿骨形成的榫眼緊密吻合。距骨的接合部分呈楔形，前部寬，后部窄:

Dorsiflexion – the anterior part of the talus is held in the mortise, and the joint is more stable.

Plantarflexion – the posterior part of the talus is held in the mortise, and the joint is less stable.

背屈——距骨前部被固定在榫眼內(nèi)，關(guān)節(jié)更穩(wěn)定。

跖屈——距骨后部被榫眼固定，關(guān)節(jié)不穩(wěn)定。

Ligaments

There are two main sets of ligaments, which originate from each malleolus.

韌帶

外踝有兩組主要的韌帶。

Medial Ligament

The medial ligament (or deltoid ligament) is attached to the medial malleolus (a bony prominence projecting from the medial aspect of the distal tibia).

內(nèi)側(cè)韌帶

內(nèi)側(cè)韌帶(或三角韌帶)附著于內(nèi)踝(一個從脛骨遠端內(nèi)側(cè)突出的骨性突出物)。

It consists of four ligaments, which fan out from the malleolus, attaching to the talus, calcaneus and navicular bones. The primary action of the medial ligament is to resist over-eversion of the foot.

它由四個韌帶組成，從外踝向外呈扇形延伸，連接距骨、跟骨和舟骨。內(nèi)側(cè)韌帶的主要作用是抵抗足的過度外翻。

Lateral Ligament

The lateral ligament originates from the lateral malleolus (a bony prominence projecting from the lateral aspect of the distal fibula).

外側(cè)韌帶

外側(cè)韌帶起源于外踝(一個從腓骨遠端側(cè)面突出的骨突)。

It resists over-inversion of the foot, and is comprised of three distinct and separate ligaments:

它可以抵抗足部的過度內(nèi)翻，由三個不同的單獨的韌帶組成:

Anterior talofibular – spans between the lateral malleolus and lateral aspect of the talus.

Posterior talofibular – spans between the lateral malleolus and the posterior aspect of the talus.

Calcaneofibular – spans between the lateral malleolus and the calcaneus.

距腓骨前-橫越在外踝和距骨外側(cè)之間。

距腓骨后-橫亙在外踝和距骨后部之間。

跟腓骨-橫豎在外踝和跟骨之間。

Movements and Muscles Involved

The ankle joint is a hinge type joint, with movement permitted in one plane.

涉及的運動和肌肉

踝關(guān)節(jié)為鉸鏈?zhǔn)疥P(guān)節(jié)，允許在一個平面內(nèi)運動。

Thus, plantarflexion and dorsiflexion are the main movements that occur at the ankle joint. Eversion and inversion are produced at the other joints of the foot, such as the subtalar joint.

因此，跖屈和背屈是發(fā)生在踝關(guān)節(jié)的主要運動。足部其他關(guān)節(jié)(如距下關(guān)節(jié))會發(fā)生外翻和內(nèi)翻。

Plantarflexion – produced by the muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg (gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris and posterior tibialis).

Dorsiflexion – produced by the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg (tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus and extensor digitorum longus).

Neurovascular Supply

The arterial supply to the ankle joint is derived from the malleolar branches of the anterior tibial, posterior tibial and fibular arteries.

跖屈-由腿部后腔室的肌肉(腓腸肌、比目魚肌、跖肌和脛骨后肌)產(chǎn)生。

背屈-由腿部前房室的肌肉(脛骨前肌、拇長伸肌和指長伸肌)產(chǎn)生。

神經(jīng)與血管的供應(yīng)

踝關(guān)節(jié)的動脈供應(yīng)來自于脛前動脈、脛后動脈和腓骨動脈的踝支。

Innervation is provided by tibial, superficial fibular and deep fibular nerves.

神經(jīng)由脛神經(jīng)、腓骨淺神經(jīng)和腓骨深神經(jīng)支配。