作者:   Purdue online writing lab

譯者: Iris

好的過(guò)渡可以連接段落，將斷開的寫作變成一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的整體。過(guò)渡可以幫助讀者理解，段落如何協(xié)同工作、相互引用以及構(gòu)建更大的觀點(diǎn)，而不是將段落視為單獨(dú)的想法。產(chǎn)生良好過(guò)渡的關(guān)鍵是突出相應(yīng)段落之間的聯(lián)系。通過(guò)在一個(gè)段落中引用前幾段的相關(guān)材料，作者可以為他們的讀者提出重要的觀點(diǎn)。

在另一段離開的地方繼續(xù)一段是個(gè)好主意。從前一段中挑選關(guān)鍵短語(yǔ)并在下一段中突出顯示它們可以為讀者創(chuàng)造明顯的進(jìn)步。很多時(shí)候，只需要幾句話就能畫出這些聯(lián)系。不要編寫可以將任何段落連接到任何其他段落的過(guò)渡，而是撰寫只能將一個(gè)特定段落連接到另一個(gè)特定段落的過(guò)渡。

示例1: 

Overall, Management Systems International has logged increased sales in every sector, leading to a significant rise in third-quarter profits.

總體而言，Management Systems International在每個(gè)部門的銷售額都有所增長(zhǎng)，導(dǎo)致第三季度利潤(rùn)大幅增長(zhǎng)。

Another important thing to note is that the corporation had expanded its international influence.

另一件需要注意的重要事情是，該公司已經(jīng)擴(kuò)大了其國(guó)際影響力。

修改為：

Overall, Management Systems International has logged increased sales in every sector, leading to a significant rise in third-quarter profits.

總體而言，Management Systems International在各個(gè)領(lǐng)域的銷售額都有所增長(zhǎng)，導(dǎo)致第三季度利潤(rùn)大幅增長(zhǎng)。

These impressive profits are largely due to the corporation's expanded international influence.

這些令人印象深刻的利潤(rùn)很大程度上是由于該公司擴(kuò)大了國(guó)際影響力。

示例2: 

Fearing for the loss of Danish lands, Christian IV signed the Treaty of Lubeck, effectively ending the Danish phase of the 30 Years War.

由于擔(dān)心失去丹麥的土地，克里斯蒂安四世簽署了呂貝克條約，有效地結(jié)束了丹麥階段的30年戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。

But then something else significant happened. The Swedish intervention began.

但隨后發(fā)生了另一件重要的事情。瑞典的干預(yù)開始了。

修改為: 

Fearing for the loss of more Danish lands, Christian IV signed the Treaty of Lubeck, effectively ending the Danish phase of the 30 Years War.

由于擔(dān)心失去更多的丹麥土地，克里斯蒂安四世簽署了呂貝克條約，有效地結(jié)束了丹麥階段的30年戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。

Shortly after Danish forces withdrew, the Swedish intervention began.

丹麥軍隊(duì)撤離后不久，瑞典開始介入。

示例3: 

Amy Tan became a famous author after her novel, The Joy Luck Club, skyrocketed up the bestseller list.

譚恩美的小說(shuō)《喜福會(huì)》在暢銷榜上一飛沖，之后她成為了著名作家。

There are other things to note about Tan as well. Amy Tan also participates in the satirical garage band the Rock Bottom Remainders with Stephen King and Dave Barry.

關(guān)于譚還有其他值得注意的地方。譚恩美還與斯蒂芬·金和戴夫·巴里一起參與了諷刺車庫(kù)樂(lè)隊(duì)the Rock Bottom Remainders。

修改為: 

Amy Tan became a famous author after her novel, The Joy Luck Club, skyrocketed up the bestseller list.

譚恩美的小說(shuō)《喜福會(huì)》在暢銷榜上一飛沖，之后她成為了著名作家。

Though her fiction is well known, her work with the satirical garage band the Rock Bottom Remainders receives far less publicity.

盡管她的小說(shuō)廣為人知，但她與諷刺車庫(kù)樂(lè)隊(duì)the Rock Bottom Remainders的合作卻很少為人所知。

過(guò)渡詞就像是論文各部分之間的橋梁。它們是幫助讀者理解論文發(fā)展的思路。過(guò)渡手段是幫助將一個(gè)句子轉(zhuǎn)移到另一個(gè)，將一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移到到另一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，或從一個(gè)段落到另一個(gè)段落的單詞或短語(yǔ)。最后，過(guò)渡詞將句子和段落平滑地連接在一起，這樣觀點(diǎn)之間就不會(huì)出現(xiàn)突然的跳躍或中斷。

有幾種類型的過(guò)渡詞，每個(gè)類別都會(huì)引導(dǎo)讀者做出某些聯(lián)系或假設(shè)。有些引導(dǎo)讀者前進(jìn)并暗示建立一個(gè)觀念，而另一些則使讀者比較各觀點(diǎn)或從前面的觀點(diǎn)中得出結(jié)論。

這里列出了一些常見的過(guò)渡詞，可供你使用：

TO ADD 用于添加：

and, again, and then, besides, equally important, finally, further, furthermore, nor, too, next, lastly, what's more, moreover, in addition, first (second, etc.)

TO COMPARE 用于比較：

whereas, but, yet, on the other hand, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, by comparison, where, compared to, up against, balanced against, vis a vis, but, although, conversely, meanwhile, after all, in contrast, although this may be true

TO PROVE 用于證明或解釋原因 ：

because, for, since, for the same reason, obviously, evidently, furthermore, moreover, besides, indeed, in fact, in addition, in any case, that is

TO SHOW EXCEPTION 

用于顯示例外（或異常）：

yet, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, of course, once in a while, sometimes

TO SHOW TIME 用于表示時(shí)間 ：

immediately, thereafter, soon, after a few hours, finally, then, later, previously, formerly, first (second, etc.), next, and then

TO REPEAT 用于重復(fù)：

in brief, as I have said, as I have noted, as has been noted

TO EMPHASIZE 用于強(qiáng)調(diào) ：

definitely, extremely, obviously, in fact, indeed, in any case, absolutely, positively, naturally, surprisingly, always, forever, perennially, eternally, never, emphatically, unquestionably, without a doubt, certainly, undeniably, without reservation

TO SHOW SEQUENCE 用于顯示順序：

first, second, third, and so forth. A, B, C, and so forth. next, then, following this, at this time, now, at this point, after, afterward, subsequently, finally, consequently, previously, before this, simultaneously, concurrently, thus, therefore, hence, next, and then, soon

TO GIVE AN EXAMPLE 用于舉例 ：

for example, for instance, in this case, in another case, on this occasion, in this situation, take the case of, to demonstrate, to illustrate, as an illustration, to illustrate

TO SUMMARIZE OR CONCLUDE 

用于總結(jié) ：

in brief, on the whole, summing up, to conclude, in conclusion, as I have shown, as I have said, hence, therefore, accordingly, thus, as a result, consequently