派生法通過在詞根上加前綴或者后綴構(gòu)成一個新詞的方法,用派生法構(gòu)成的詞叫做派生詞。如:happy — unhappy,like — dislike, success — successful,home — homelessun-: unhappy, uncomfortable, unconscious, undoubtedly(毋庸置疑地), unlock(開··...·鎖), undress(脫衣), unpack(打開行李),unsay(收回說過的話) in-: incorrect, informal, indifferent(漠不關(guān)心的), invaluable(極有價值的;極寶貴的) im-: impossible,impolite,imperfect,impatient,immoral(不道德的)il-: illegal(違法的),illogical(不合邏輯的) ir-: irregular(不規(guī)則的), irresistible(不可抗拒的),irrelevant(不相關(guān)的) dis-: discover, disagree, disappear, dislike, disbelief, dishonest, dishonorable(不體面的) mis-: misunderstand,misjudge, misread,mislead(誤導(dǎo)), misfortune (不幸)non-: non-smoker, nonstop, nonsense(胡說), non-drinker不喝酒的人re-: retell, reconsider,rearrange,react(作出反應(yīng)),renew(更新),reusable(可再用的),refresh(使恢復(fù)精力)mid-: midnight,midpoint(中點(diǎn)),midway(中途),mid-July(七月中旬) extra- : extraordinary,extracurricular(課外的),extra-official(非官方的) super- : supermarket,superstar(超級明星),superpower(超級大國) micro-: microscope(顯微鏡),microcomputer(微機(jī))mini- : miniskirt,minibus(小型巴士:面包車)tele-: telescope,telephone,television,telephotograph(傳真照片) kilo- : kilometer(千米),kilogram(千克),kilowatt(千瓦) trans- : translate,transform,transport,transformer(變壓器)post-: postpone(延遲),postgraduate(研究生),postwar(戰(zhàn)后的) pre-: pre-school(學(xué)齡前的),pre-war(戰(zhàn)前的),prehistoric(史前的) inter- : international,interview,interchange(互換)fore-: forehead,foreword(序言),foreman(領(lǐng)班),forearm(前臂),foresee,forecast,foretell(預(yù)言;預(yù)料) auto- : automatic,automobile(汽車),autopilot(自動駕駛儀) semi-: semicircle,semisolid(半固體的),semiconductor(半導(dǎo)體) vice-: vice-chairman,vice-manager,vice-president(副總統(tǒng)) over- :overeat(吃得過多),overexcited,overpopulated(人口過多的) en- : encourage(鼓勵),endanger(危及),enable(使能夠),enrich(使富裕),empower(授權(quán)), encase(把······裝入箱),encage(把······關(guān)在籠)a-: asleep, alive, alike, awake, alone, apart, aloud, ahead -er: worker, teacher, painter,waiter, performer, winner, Londoner(倫敦人), northerner(北方人),container(容器),cooker(炊具),opener(開啟的人或工具),heater(取熱器),timer(計(jì)時員;計(jì)時器),cutter(切割者;切割工具) -or : visitor, actor, sailor, inventor, conductor, director, translator, operator,survivor(幸存者)-ar: liar(說謊者),beggar(乞丐),scholar(學(xué)者) -ist: scientist, physicist, artist, tourist, novelist,specialist,medalist(獎牌獲得者) -ant/ent: assistant, accountant, president-(i)an: librarian(圖書管理員), historian(史學(xué)家), politician(政治家), musician(音樂家),African,American -ee : employee(受雇者),trainee(受訓(xùn)者),interviewee(被面試者)2.表過程性質(zhì)狀態(tài)結(jié)果等抽象概念 -ation: information, invitation, education, explanation, motivation, hesitation(猶豫) -(t)ion: action, construction, direction, introduction, invention, collection, attraction, connection-sion : conclusion, division, discussion, expression, possession -ssion: permission, admission-ance : allowance, importance, appearance, assistance, performance, resistance -ence: existence, preference, reference, difference, existence, absence, independence-ment: advertisement, agreement, amusement, argument, arrangement, development-ness: illness, sickness,happiness, kindness, sadness, goodness(善良;美德)-hood : childhood,neighbourhood(鄰居關(guān)系),brotherhood(兄弟關(guān)系;手足之情) -th : truth,strength,depth,length,growth,warmth,width(寬度) -ship: friendship, relationship, scholarship, membership, citizenship(國籍;公民的身份) -(a)bility : possibility,disability,responsibility,flexibility(靈活性;柔韌性)-(i)ty : reality,nationality,safety,cruelty(殘酷行為), certainty(確實(shí)的事情) -ery: bravery,bakery(面包房),cookery(烹調(diào)法) -al : approval,arrival,survival,refusal(拒絕) -age: marriage, shortage(不足;短缺 ), storage(儲存)-ing : feeling,hearing, building,meeting,opening,suffering,cooling(冷卻) -ful :handful,spoonful,mouthful(一口),glassful(一杯的容量)plateful(滿盤;一盤) -cy: fluency, accuracy(準(zhǔn)確性)-dom: freedom; wisdom, kingdom(王國)-ful: successful, careful, hopeful, helpful, useful, harmful, beautiful, wonderful,colourful-y: guilty, stormy, healthy, wealthy, dirty, noisy, sleepy,foggy,muddy -less : breathless, tasteless, useless, hopeless, helpless, endless, stainless, meaningless-able: comfortable, reasonable, suitable, admirable, knowledgeable, remarkable(不尋常的)-al: personal, national, traditional, natural, cultural, agricultural, fictional, additional, musical -ical: political,physical,practical,grammatical,historical(歷史上的) -ly: friendly(友好的), monthly(每月的),daily(日常的), timely(及時的) -en: golden,woollen,wooden,earthen(泥土做的) -ous : dangerous, anxious, famous, poisonous, religious, mountainous,nervous,ambitious-ive: active, expensive, attractive, subjective, representative, creative, impressive-ish : foolish, selfish, childish, British-some: troublesome,fearsome(可怕的),burdensome(難于負(fù)擔(dān)的) -ed: interested, ashamed, disappointed, furnished, talented, aged,strong-minded(意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的)-ing :amazing, boring, interesting, surprising, disturbing, freezing(冰冷的), shocking -en: deepen,sharpen,shorten,lessen(變少),worsen(使惡化),strengthen,weaken -ize: realize, apologize, recognize, modernize, legalize, commercialize,popularize-(i)fy : satisfy,beautify,simplify,signify(表示;意味),terrify(使害怕)-ly: quickly, simply, angrily, stupidly,hopefully,hopelessly,truly,smilingly,decidedly(堅(jiān)決地;斷然地),namely(即;就是), scientifically-ward(s): upward(s), downward(s), forward (s), backward(s), Southward(s),inward(s)outward(s),homeward(s)(向家:在歸途上)合成名詞:bookmark (書簽);guidebook (指南手冊);workshop (研討會;車間);sunset (日落) 合成形容詞 :lifelong (終身的;畢生的);heartbreaking (令人心碎的);absent-minded (心不在焉的) 合成動詞:whitewash (用石灰水刷白);overcome (戰(zhàn)勝);overthrow (推翻) 合成副詞:anyway (無論如何);everywhere (到處);however (盡管如此);forever (永遠(yuǎn)) 合成介詞:inside (在......里);outside (在......外);throughout (遍及);within (在......之內(nèi)) 動詞→名詞:change 改變;找零 →變化 ;walk 步行→散步;stop 停止→車站 ;record 錄音 →記錄名詞→動詞:place 地點(diǎn) → 放置;taste 味道→ 嘗起來;hand 手 → 傳遞;遞交;seat 座位 → 使……坐下 形容詞→動詞:clean 干凈→使干凈,打掃;clear 清楚→清理;dirty 臟→弄臟;dry 干燥→烘干,曬干;empty 空的→倒空截短法:telephone→phone, aeroplane→plane, advertisement→ad. , laboratory→lab, influenza→flu , smog (smoke + fog) 煙霧;brunch (breakfast +lunch) 早午餐;newscast (news + broadcast) 新聞廣播;sci-fi (science + fiction) 科幻小說縮略法:television→ TV (讀字母音)電視;very important person→ VIP (讀字母音)要人;Testing of English as a Foreign Language→ TOEFL(作為一個單詞讀音)托福 聲明:本文由高中英語研究中心公眾號(ID:EnglishResearch)轉(zhuǎn)載網(wǎng)絡(luò)而成,如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系刪除;轉(zhuǎn)載請注明完整版出處。
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