流行病學(xué): 中國老年糖尿病患者數(shù)居世界首位 2020年滕衛(wèi)平教授發(fā)表的最新中國糖尿病流行病學(xué)調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示,依據(jù)美國糖尿病學(xué)會(huì)2018年糖尿病診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn),60~69歲人群的糖尿病患病率為28.8%,≥70歲人群的糖尿病患病率為31.8%4(如下圖)。 老年糖尿病的診斷: HbA1c可作為糖尿病診斷指標(biāo) 表1老年糖尿病診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 老年糖尿病的三級(jí)預(yù)防: 加強(qiáng)對(duì)老年人群心血管疾病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素管理 老年健康狀態(tài)綜合評(píng)估: 根據(jù)綜合評(píng)估結(jié)果制定個(gè)體化策略 表2 老年健康狀態(tài)綜合評(píng)估 血糖控制目標(biāo): 除HbA1c和點(diǎn)血糖外,必要時(shí)TIR也可以作為補(bǔ)充指標(biāo) 表3 老年糖尿病患者血糖控制目標(biāo) 表4 老年糖尿病患者血糖波動(dòng)控制目標(biāo) 降糖藥物及治療路徑: 優(yōu)先選擇低血糖風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較低的藥物,關(guān)注肝腎功能、心臟功能等 圖1:老年2型糖尿病患者非胰島素治療路徑圖 胰島素治療: 起始治療首選基礎(chǔ)胰島素;雙胰島素也可作為胰島素治療的一級(jí)推薦 圖2:老年2型糖尿病患者胰島素治療路徑圖 老年糖尿病患者在新型冠狀病毒肺炎疫情期間: 注意防護(hù),避免感染 參考文獻(xiàn)1. 國家統(tǒng)計(jì)局. 中華人民共和國2019年國民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展統(tǒng)計(jì)公報(bào)[EB/OL]. 2020?02?28. http://www. stats.gov.cn/tjsj/zxfb/202002/t20200228_1728913.html. 2. 中華糖尿病雜志, 2021,13(01) : 14-46. 3. Sinclair A, Saeedi P, Kaundal A, et al. Diabetes and global ageing among 65?99?year?old adults: Findings from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9(th) edition[J]. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 2020, 162: 108078. 4. Li Y,Teng D, Shi X, et al. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2020, 369: m997. 5. World Health Organization. Use of glycated haemoglobin(HbA1c) in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus: abbreviated report of a WHO consultation[M]. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2011. 6. LeRoith D, Biessels GJ, Braithwaite SS, et al. Treatment of Diabetes in Older Adults: An Endocrine Society* Clinical Practice Guideline[J]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2019,104(5): 1520?1574. 7. Battelino T, Danne T, Bergenstal RM, et al. Clinical targets for continuous glucose monitoring data interpretation: recommendations from the international consensus on time in range[J]. Diabetes Care, 2019, 42(8): 1593?1603. 8. Hamano K, Nishiyama H, Matsui A, et al. Efficacy and safety analyses across 4 subgroups combining low and high age and body mass index groups in Japanese phase 3 studies of dulaglutide 0.75 mg after 26 weeks of treatment[J]. Endocr J, 2017, 64(4): 449?456. 9. Raccah D, Miossec P, Esposito V, et al. Efficacy and safety of lixisenatide in elderly (≥65 years old) and very elderly(≥75 years old) patients with type 2 diabetes: an analysis from the Get Goal phase III programme[J]. Diabetes Metab Res Rev, 2015, 31(2):204?211. 10. Bode BW, Brett J, Falahati A, et al. Comparison of the efficacy and tolerability profile of liraglutide, a once?daily human GLP?1 analog, in patients with type 2 diabetes ≥65and<65 years of age: a pooled analysis from phase III studies[J]. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother, 2011, 9(6):423?433. 11. Gerstein HC, Colhoun HM, Dagenais GR, et al. Dulaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes (REWIND): a double?blind, randomised placebo?controlled trial[J]. Lancet(London, England), 2019, 394(10193): 121?130. 12. Marso SP, Daniels GH, Brown?Frandsen K, et al.Liraglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes[J]. N Engl J Med, 2016, 375(4): 311?322. 13. American Diabetes Association. 12. Older adults: standards of medical care in diabetes?2021[J]. Diabetes Care,2021, 44 Suppl 1:S168?S179. 14. Philis?TsimikasA, Astamirova K, Gupta Y, et al. Similar glycaemic control with less nocturnal hypoglycaemia in a 38?week trial comparing the IDegAsp co?formulation with insulin glargine U100 and insulin aspart in basal insulin?treated subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus[J].Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 2019, 147:157?165. 15. Brunner M, Pieber T, Korsatko S, et al. The distinct prandial andbasal pharmacodynamics of IDegAsp observed in younger adults are preserved inelderly subjects with type 1 diabetes[J]. Drugs Aging, 2015, 32(7):583?590. 16. Fulcher G, Mehta R, Fita EG, et al. Efficacy and safety of IDegAsp Versus BIAsp 30, both twice daily, in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes: post Hoc analysis of two phase 3 randomized controlled BOOST trials[J]. Diabetes Ther, 2019, 10(1): 107?118. 17. Shahid Z, Kalayanamitra R, Mc Clafferty B, et al. COVID?19 and older adults: what we know[J]. J Am Geriatr Soc,2020, 68(5):926?929. *本文轉(zhuǎn)載自諾和諾德醫(yī)學(xué)資訊 |
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