【原】Metro English - 220 - Prague 布拉格

新用戶02986T3F 2020-09-17

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Dream Car - Prague 布拉格

Prague is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic, the 14th largest city in the European Union and the historical capital of Bohemia. Situated on the Vltava river, Prague is home to about 1.3 million people, while its metropolitan area is estimated to have a population of 2.6 million. The city has a temperate oceanic climate, with relatively warm summers and chilly winters.

布拉格是捷克共和國的首都和最大城市，歐盟第14大城市，波希米亞的歷史首都。布拉格位于弗拉塔瓦河畔，人口約130萬，而其大都會地區(qū)的人口估計為260萬。該市屬于溫帶海洋性氣候，夏季相對溫暖，冬季寒冷。

Prague is a political, cultural and economic centre of central Europe complete with a rich history. Founded during the Romanesque and flourishing by the Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque eras, Prague was the capital of the Kingdom of Bohemia and the main residence of several Holy Roman Emperors, most notably of Charles IV (r. 1346–1378). It was an important city to the Habsburg Monarchy and its Austro-Hungarian Empire. The city played major roles in the Bohemian and Protestant Reformation, the Thirty Years' War and in 20th-century history as the capital of Czechoslovakia between the World Wars and the post-war Communist era.

布拉格是中歐的政治、文化和經(jīng)濟(jì)中心，歷史悠久。布拉格建于羅馬時期，經(jīng)由哥特、文藝復(fù)興和巴洛克時期繁榮發(fā)展，是波希米亞王國的首都，也是幾個神圣羅馬皇帝的主要居所，最著名的是查理四世（r.1346-1378）。它是哈布斯堡君主政體及其奧匈帝國的重要城市。這座城市在波希米亞和新教改革、三十年戰(zhàn)爭和20世紀(jì)歷史上扮演著重要角色，在世界大戰(zhàn)和戰(zhàn)后共產(chǎn)主義時期，它是捷克斯洛伐克的首都。

Prague is home to a number of well-known cultural attractions, many of which survived the violence and destruction of 20th-century Europe. Main attractions include Prague Castle, Charles Bridge, Old Town Square with the Prague astronomical clock, the Jewish Quarter, Pet?ín hill and Vy?ehrad. Since 1992, the extensive historic centre of Prague has been included in the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites.

布拉格是許多著名文化景點(diǎn)的所在地，其中許多景點(diǎn)在20世紀(jì)歐洲的暴力和破壞中幸存下來。主要景點(diǎn)包括布拉格城堡、查爾斯橋、有布拉格天文鐘的老城廣場、猶太區(qū)、佩特恩山和維什拉德。自1992年以來，布拉格的歷史中心就被列入聯(lián)合國教科文組織的世界遺產(chǎn)名錄。

The city has more than ten major museums, along with numerous theatres, galleries, cinemas and other historical exhibits. An extensive modern public transportation system connects the city. It is home to a wide range of public and private schools, including Charles University in Prague, the oldest university in Central Europe.

該市有十多個主要博物館，以及眾多的劇院、畫廊、電影院和其他歷史展品。一個廣泛的現(xiàn)代公共交通系統(tǒng)連接著這座城市。這里有很多公立和私立學(xué)校，包括位于布拉格的查爾斯大學(xué)，這是中歐最古老的大學(xué)。

Prague is classified as an "Alpha ?" global city according to GaWC studies and ranked sixth in the Tripadvisor world list of best destinations in 2016. In 2019, the city was ranked as 69th most liveable city in the world by Mercer. In the same year, the PISCA Index ranked the city as 13th most liveable city in the world.[16] Its rich history makes it a popular tourist destination and as of 2017, the city receives more than 8.5 million international visitors annually. In 2017 Prague was listed as the fifth most visited European city after London, Paris, Rome and Istanbul.

根據(jù)GaWC的研究，布拉格被列為“阿爾法-”全球城市，并在2016年Tripadvisor世界最佳旅游目的地排行榜上排名第六。2019年，該市被美世公司評為全球第69個最宜居城市。同年，皮斯卡指數(shù)將該市列為全球第13個最宜居城市。[16]其豐富的歷史使其成為受歡迎的旅游目的地，截至2017年，該市每年接待的國際游客超過850萬人次。2017年，布拉格被列為繼倫敦、巴黎、羅馬和伊斯坦布爾之后訪問量第五大的歐洲城市。

The Czech name Praha is derived from an old Slavic word, práh, which means "ford" or "rapid", referring to the city's origin at a crossing point of the Vltava river. The same etymology is associated with the Praga district of Warsaw.

捷克語的名字Praha源自一個古老的斯拉夫語單詞pr a h，意思是“ford”或“rapid”，指的是該城在Vltava河的一個交叉點(diǎn)的起源。同樣的詞源也與華沙的布拉格區(qū)有關(guān)。

The English spelling of the city's name is borrowed from French. It is written in a verse of The Beleaguered City by Longfellow (1839) and also in the limerick There was an Old Lady of Prague by Edward Lear (1846) and in the 19th and early 20th centuries it was pronounced in English with the same pronunciation, for example by Lady Diana Cooper (born 1892) on Desert Island Discs in 1969.

這個城市名字的英文拼法是從法語中借來的。它是朗費(fèi)羅（1839年）在《被圍困的城市》一詩中寫的，還有愛德華·利爾（1846年）在《利默里克有一位布拉格的老太太》（limerick There an Old Lady of Prague）一詩中寫的。在19世紀(jì)和20世紀(jì)初，它用英語發(fā)音相同，例如1969年戴安娜·庫珀（Diana Cooper）（生于1892年）在荒島唱片上的發(fā)音。

The city is traditionally one of the cultural centres of Europe, hosting many cultural events. Some of the significant cultural institutions include the National Theatre (Národní Divadlo) and the Estates Theatre (Stavovské or Tylovo or Nosticovo divadlo), where the premières of Mozart's Don Giovanni and La clemenza di Tito were held. Other major cultural institutions are the Rudolfinum which is home to the Czech Philharmonic Orchestra and the Municipal House which is home to the Prague Symphony Orchestra. The Prague State Opera performs at the Smetana Theatre.

這座城市傳統(tǒng)上是歐洲的文化中心之一，舉辦許多文化活動。一些重要的文化機(jī)構(gòu)包括國家劇院和伊斯特劇院，莫扎特的《唐·喬瓦尼》和《克萊門扎·迪蒂托》就是在這里舉行的。其他主要的文化機(jī)構(gòu)是魯?shù)婪蛞魳窂d，它是捷克愛樂樂團(tuán)的所在地，市政大樓是布拉格交響樂團(tuán)的所在地。布拉格國家歌劇院則是在斯梅塔納劇院演出。

The city has many world-class museums, including the National Museum (Národní muzeum), the Museum of the Capital City of Prague, the Jewish Museum in Prague, the Alfons Mucha Museum, the African-Prague Museum, the Museum of Decorative Arts in Prague, the Náprstek Museum (Náprstkovo Muzeum), the Josef Sudek Gallery and The Josef Sudek Studio, the National Library and the National Gallery, which manages the largest collection of art in the Czech Republic.

這座城市有許多世界級的博物館，包括國家博物館、布拉格首都博物館、布拉格猶太人博物館、阿爾芬斯穆查博物館、非洲布拉格博物館、布拉格裝飾藝術(shù)博物館、納普斯泰克博物館、約瑟夫蘇德克畫廊和約瑟夫蘇德克工作室，國家圖書館和國家美術(shù)館，管理著捷克共和國最大的藝術(shù)收藏。

There are hundreds of concert halls, galleries, cinemas and music clubs in the city. It hosts music festivals including the Prague Spring International Music Festival, the Prague Autumn International Music Festival, the Prague International Organ Festival and the Prague International Jazz Festival. Film festivals include the Febiofest, the One World Film Festival and Echoes of the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival. The city also hosts the Prague Writers' Festival, the Prague Folklore Days, Prague Advent Choral Meeting the Summer Shakespeare Festival, the Prague Fringe Festival, the World Roma Festival, as well as the hundreds of Vernissages and fashion shows.

這個城市有數(shù)百個音樂廳、畫廊、電影院和音樂俱樂部。它舉辦的音樂節(jié)包括布拉格春季國際音樂節(jié)、布拉格秋季國際音樂節(jié)、布拉格國際風(fēng)琴節(jié)和布拉格國際爵士音樂節(jié)。電影節(jié)包括Febiofest，同一個世界電影節(jié)和卡洛維瓦利國際電影節(jié)的回聲。布拉格市還舉辦了布拉格作家節(jié)、布拉格民俗日、布拉格降臨合唱團(tuán)夏季莎士比亞節(jié)、布拉格藝穗節(jié)、世界羅姆人節(jié)以及數(shù)百個春季和時裝秀。

與布拉格這個城鄉(xiāng)相關(guān)的影片，我為您推薦的有：

The Unbearable Lightness of Being （生命中不能承受之輕）- 原著米蘭昆德拉，由Daniel Day Lewis飾演男主人公。