這是一位朋友在本公眾號后臺的點題,原話是: 你好,through和by后面跟方式、方法時有什么區(qū)別? 對于這樣的問題,我的第一反應是去查詞典。要說用,我能用對,但要說出道理來,還是得看看歷代先賢是怎么說的。查詞結果如下: by表示方式方法: 《新牛津英漢雙解大詞典》: indicating the means of transport selected for a journey [表示旅行所用的交通工具] the cost of travelling by bus. 乘汽車旅行的花費。 travelling by road to Aylsham. 乘汽車去艾爾舍姆。 《朗文當代英語詞典》: 2 MEANS/METHOD: used to say what means or method someone uses to do something --You can reserve the tickets by phone. --Send it by airmail. --Some customers prefer to pay by cheque. by car/train/bus/taxi etc --They travelled to Chicago by train. by air/sea/land/road/rail etc --All supplies are transported by air. by doing sth She earns her living by selling insurance. --He was taken from his home by force. 由上可見,基本上by就是方式方法、所用工具,尤其是交通工具。 through表示方式方法: 《新牛津英漢雙解大詞典》: by means of a particular method, service, person etc --She got her first job through an employment agency. --a success that was achieved through co-operative effort and wise leadership --I heard about it through a friend. 由上面的釋義對比我們可以看出: through主要解釋為“通過”(某一管道或中間人)。 比如,“通過一位朋友,以口頭的形式傳達消息”,就是: send a message by word of mouth through a friend. 這就是by和through表示“方式方法”的時候的主要區(qū)別。 當然,很多時候如果是by doing sth.,也可以寫成through doing sth.,這是沒什么問題的。 這其中的道理,其實不難理解。我們都知道,by和through本來并不單單指方式方法,它們的基本意思分別是by“在……旁邊”,through“通過(某事物內部)”。這樣就不難理解了,在表示方式方法的時候,by是旁邊有東西可用,就拿起來用,好比拿來主義;through是看到有一管道,就通過此管道去達成目的。 differencebetween.com對by和through的用法區(qū)別有一句相當精到的總結: while the preposition by is mostly used when referring to a means of something, the preposition through is used in relation to a process. 至于說via,這是一個比較正式的單詞,可以在正式文體(學術文章、法律條文、公司財報、政府文書等)中替代through,但如果是through doing sth.,則through不可替換成via。 ------------------------ 下周四早七點,請準時查收下一期“白話英語”: 為什么可以說I hope not,卻不能說I think not? “白話英語”系列也歡迎朋友們點題,我必知無不言,言無不盡! 原創(chuàng)不易,期待打賞。感謝你們,親愛的朋友! |
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