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統(tǒng)計(jì)問(wèn)題（26）：
當(dāng)衛(wèi)生局在一個(gè)社區(qū)進(jìn)行了基于團(tuán)隊(duì)策略的麻腮風(fēng)（麻疹，腮腺炎，風(fēng)疹）疫苗的推廣。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，接種率在兩年內(nèi)有所提高，與兩年前相比具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義，單側(cè)P值小于0.01。關(guān)于P值對(duì)本研究結(jié)果的意義，下面哪一項(xiàng)說(shuō)法是正確的？
Question When a health authority introduced a new community based vaccine promotion team, vaccination rates for the MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine improved over the next two years. The improvement was statistically significant, with a onesided P value of less than 0.01. Which of the following, if any, are true?a) Confounding is unlikely because of the low P valueb) If the vaccination rates were varying randomly over time then the probability of a result like this or better would be less than 1 in 100c) The difference in vaccination rates is likely to be importantd) The team approach can be recommended as better than the old approachAnswer The P value assesses only the play of chance and gives no information about bias or confounding. The importance of the result depends on a clinical judgment of the effect of the absolute magnitude of the change in vaccination rates. This is not reported in the question and is only one component of the calculation of the P value, the others being sample size and standard deviation. The decision to recommend one approach over another should include several other considerations, such as benefit, harm, acceptability, and costs. Answer b is a fair representation of what the P value describes.中文解釋?zhuān)?/span> P值僅評(píng)估機(jī)會(huì)大小，不提供有關(guān)偏倚或混雜的信息。 結(jié)果的重要性取決于對(duì)疫苗接種率變化的絕對(duì)幅度的影響的臨床判斷。P值僅僅是一份報(bào)告的一部分結(jié)果，其它比如樣本大小和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差也應(yīng)該報(bào)告出來(lái)。 是否推薦一種方法，還應(yīng)包括其他一些考慮因素，例如收益，損害，可接受性和成本等 所以答案是選擇 B 本號(hào)致力于醫(yī)學(xué)科研方法分享，歡迎點(diǎn)擊學(xué)習(xí)！
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