1. Fishing is my favourite sport. I often fish for hours without catching anything. 一、fishing和catching都是動名詞(由動詞加上-ing構(gòu)成)。fishing在句中做 ; catching在句中做介詞的 ?!咀ⅲ簞用~的用法見后面詳解】 二、without是介詞(prep.),最常用法: 1). (表示否定)無, 沒有 ①Fish can not live without water. = Fish can’t live if water. ②He found that place (毫不費力地). 2). (表示伴隨)在沒有…...的陪伴下;在不附帶…...的情況下 ③He went out without saying anything. 他一言不發(fā)就走了。 =He went out and he . 2. But this does not worry me. worry sb. (with sth.) (以......)使某人擔心/困擾某人;worry sb. for sth. 纏著某人要某物。 【比較】be worried about 對……表示擔心 ①My little daughter often (令我擔心) a lot. 我的小女兒經(jīng)常令我很擔心。 ②The boy always worries his mother (about; for; with) questions. ③Jim worried me (about; for; with) a new bike. 吉姆纏著我要一輛新單車。 ④I was worried (about; for; with) my little daughter. 我對小女兒感到擔心。 3. Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish. instead: (adv.) 代/頂替;相反。(一般只用于句末) 【比較】instead of: (介詞短語)取代;不做…...而做…... (可置于句首或句中) ①I don’t like swimming. I like skating (instead; instead of). ②They catch old boots and rubbish instead of catching fish. = They catch fish, they catch old boots and rubbish . ③I went shopping instead of doing my homework. 我去購物而沒有做作業(yè)。 = I do my homework. I went shopping . 4. I am even less lucky. 一、even: (adv.) 甚至;更加。通常放在所修飾詞的前面,若有助動詞則放助動詞后。 ①( )I thought of it. 我連想都沒想過這事。 A. even haven’t B. haven’t even C. have even not D. not even have 【注意】形容詞比較級前可用下列詞修飾: much, a little, far, a bit, a few, a lot, even, still, rather等。 ②( )It’s colder today than yesterday. A. too B. very C. more D. much 二、less 是little的比較級。[作形容詞,修飾不可數(shù)名詞]更少的;較少的 [作副詞,修飾形容詞]比較程度:較少;更少地; [作副詞,修飾動詞]少一些 ①He buys (更少) meat and (更少) eggs now. 他現(xiàn)在肉和雞蛋都少買了。 ②( )The film was funny than the book. 這部電影不如原書有趣。 A. too B. very C. less D. much ③This story is less interesting than that one. 這個故事比那個更無聊。 = This story is interesting that one. 5. After having spent whole mornings on the river, I always go home with an empty bag. 一、after在此用做介詞(prep.),因此后面的動詞短語have spent要改為動名詞(短語), 才能作介詞的賓語。另外,after還可以用作連詞(conj.)引導時間狀語從句。 after引導的狀語從句中,只有當從句主語與主句的主語相同時,才可省去從句中的主語。所以,上面的句子可以改成:After spent whole mornings on the river, .... ①After saying Goodnight, the boy went to bed. = After the boy goodnight, the boy went to bed. 二、spend time/money/ energy (in) doing sth.; spend time/money/ energy on sth. ①Andy spent a lot of money (in; on; about; for) books. Andy花了很多錢買書。 ②They spent 4450 yuan (buy) the big colour TV set. 表示“花費”的常用句型結(jié)構(gòu): 1). sth. cost (sb.) money 某物花某人多少錢 2). it cost (sb.) money to do sth. 做某事花某人多少錢 3). sb. spend time (/money) on sth. 某人在某一方面花多少錢 4). sb. spend time (/money) in doing sth. 某人在做某事方面花多少錢 5). it take sb. time (/money) to do sth. 做某事花某人多少時間或錢 = it take time (/money) for sb. to do sth. 6). sth. take sb. time (/money) to do sth. 某事花某人多少時間或錢去做 7). sb. take time (money) to do sth. 某人花多少時間或錢去做某事 8). sb. pay money for sth. 某人花錢買某物 6. “You must give up fishing!”my friends say.“It’s a waste of time.” 一、give up放棄。再如:戒煙→ 二、waste 1) vt.浪費;2) n. 浪費。如:a waste of (對……的浪費) ①He seldom (waste) his money. 他很少浪費金錢。 ②It’s a (waste) of time/money. 這簡直是浪費時間/錢。 傳統(tǒng)的用法為It’s a waste of time doing sth.,但現(xiàn)在在非正式的英語中也有to do 的: ③It is a waste of time (read) such a magazine.看這種雜志真是浪費時間。 7. But they don’t realize one important thing. realize (v.)意識到;【比較】real (adj.)真的;reality (n.)現(xiàn)實 1) 認識到,意識到(不用于被動語態(tài),不用于進行時態(tài),人做主語) ①( )She that he was lying. 她意識到他正在說謊。 A. realized B. was realized C. was realizing D. realizes 2) vt. 實現(xiàn)(計劃等)(可用于主動,也可用于被動語態(tài)) realize one’s hope/dream/plan, ... 實現(xiàn)某人的希望/夢想/計劃,... ②He realized his dream at last. 他終于實現(xiàn)了自己的夢想。 → His dream at last. 8. I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all! not at all :(1) 用來回答感謝,意為:不用謝;不客氣。如: A:Thank you very much. 多謝你了。 B:Not at all. 不客氣。 A:Thanks for helping me. 謝謝你幫助我。 B:Not at all. I enjoyed it. 別客氣,很高興能幫你。 (2).用來表示否定意為:根本不;一點也不。(也是No的加強說法), ①There is (eat) at all. 根本就沒有吃的。 ②I like that guy (根本不). 我根本就不喜歡那個粗魯?shù)募一铩?/span> ③A:Are you busy? 你忙嗎? B: (一點不忙). (3) 用來回答道歉,意為:沒關系。如: A:I’m sorry I’m late. B:Oh,not at all, do come in. 噢,沒關系,請進來。 動 名 詞 的 用 法 動名詞是非謂語動詞的一種,它由動詞原形加-ing構(gòu)成,形式上與現(xiàn)在分詞相同。 動名詞除具有動詞的性質(zhì)外,還具有名詞的性質(zhì)。動名詞在句中可用作主語、表語、賓語、定語、賓語補足語等,但不能用作謂語(故稱動名詞為非謂語動詞)。如: ①Her job is (look) after the baby. 她的工作是照顧嬰兒。 ②She loves (swim). 她喜歡游泳。 ③Thank you for (help) us. 謝謝你幫助我們。 一、動名詞的句法功能 1.用作主語 Seeing is believing. 眼見為實。 Finding work is difficult these days. 現(xiàn)在找工作可不容易。 【比較】:不定式作主語多指具體的、一次性的動作,常用it做形式主語。 動名詞做主語多指籠統(tǒng)、抽象的概念, 有時也可采用it作形式主語。 常用不定式做真正主語的句型有: (1) It’s difficult (important, necessary) for sb. to do sth. (2) It’s kind ( friendly, polite, careless, rude, cruel, clever, foolish, brave) of sb. to do. sth. . 常用動名詞做真正主語的句型有: It’s no good (use, fun) doing. sth. ①To discuss the problem with a teacher is necessary.與一位老師討論這個問題是有必要的。 → necessary the problem with a teacher. ②Crying is no use. → is no use . 哭沒有什么用處。 2.用作表語 ①Her favorite sport is (skate). 她最喜愛的運動是滑冰。 ②His job is (teach) English. 他的工作是教英語。 3.用作賓語(含介詞賓語) ①He enjoys (play) basketball. 他喜愛打籃球。 ②He left without (say) good-bye. 他沒有告別就離開了。 4.用作定語 ①This is our (read) room. 這時我們的閱覽室。 ②He bought a new (wash) machine. 他買了一臺新洗衣機。 ③I won the first prize in the (sing) competition. 我獲得了歌詠比賽的一等獎。 二、只能接動名詞的高頻考點動詞 有些動詞,其后面只能接動名詞(短語)或名詞做賓語,不能接不定式,其中的中考高頻詞有如下的十三個動詞和動詞短語: enjoy(喜歡),keep(繼續(xù)),suggest(建議), feel like(想要做...),finish(完成); be busy(忙于做...),practise(練習), can’t help/stop(禁不住做...),delay(耽誤), excuse(原諒),be worth(值得做...),risk(冒險), mind(介意)……等等。 1. I enjoy playing basketball at the weekend. 我喜歡在周末打籃球。 2. They kept the fire burning to keep them warm. 他們繼續(xù)讓火燃燒來保持溫暖。 3. I suggested / advised putting off the sports meeting. 我建議將運動會延期. 4. He always feels like drinking a cup of hot tea after sports. 他運動后總是想要喝一杯熱茶。 5. I haven’t finished reading that book yet. 我還沒讀完那本書呢。 6. They’re busy getting ready for the exam. 他們正忙于準備這次考試。 7. They’re practising singing the new song. 他們正在練習唱那首新歌。 8. Hearing the news, she can’t help crying. 聽到這個消息,她禁不住哭了起來。 9. They have delayed having lunch in order to finish the work on time. 10. Please excuse him coming late.(=Please excuse him for being late.) 請原諒他遲到了。 11. He is worth trusting. 他值得信任。 12. He jumped into the cold river and risked saving the child. 他跳進冰冷的河水冒險救了這孩子。 13. Do you mind opening the window? 你介意打開窗嗎? 即時練:單項選擇。 ( )1. No one enjoys _______ at. A. laughing B. to laugh C. being laughed D. to be laughed ( )2. His room needs _______, so he must have it _______. A. painting; painted B. painted; painting C. painting; painting D. painted; painted ( )3. After finishing his homework,he went on _______ a letter to his parents. A. write B. writing C. wrote D. to write ( )4. She decided to devote herself _______ the problem of old age. A. to study B. studying C. to studying D. study ( )5. Grandma said that she had a lot of trouble _______ your handwriting. A. to read B. to see C. reading C. in seeing ( )6. Writing stories and articles _______ what I enjoy most. A. is B. are C. was D. were ( )7. I’d like to suggest _______ the meeting till next week. A. to put off B. putting off C. put off D. to be put off ( )8. Anything worth _______ is worthy of _______ well. A. doing;being done B. doing;doing C. to be done;to be done D. to be done;being done ( )9. I delayed _______ your letter because I had been away for a week. A. answer B. answering C. writing D. to post ( )10. _______ his mother, the baby could not help _______. A. To see; to laugh B. Seeing; to laugh C. Seeing; laughing D. To see; laughing ( )11. It’s no use _______ so much money on clothes. A. spend B. spent C. spending D. being spent ( )12. I still remember _______ to my home town when I was young. A. taking B. taken C. being taken D. to take |
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