| 狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 | | |
| 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在if引導(dǎo)的條件句中的用法三點(diǎn)： | 從句（條件） | 主句（目的） |
| 表示于現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句 | If+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式（be用were） If I had time, I would attend the meeting. | 主語(yǔ)+would(should could might)+動(dòng)詞原型 |
| 表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的擬條件句 | If+主語(yǔ)+had+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 If he had hurried ,he could have caught the train. | 主語(yǔ)+would（should could might）+have+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 |
| 表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句 | 1、If+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式2、If+主語(yǔ)+were to+ 動(dòng)詞原形3、If+主語(yǔ)+should +動(dòng)詞原形If I were to go abroad ,I would go to America. | 主語(yǔ)+would（could should might）+動(dòng)詞原型 |
| 錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句——主從句時(shí)間不一致的情況下的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 | 有時(shí)條件從句中的動(dòng)作與主句中的動(dòng)作，發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致，這是動(dòng)作的形式應(yīng)根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間加以調(diào)整。If you had followed my advice , you would be better now.If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. | |
| 含蓄條件句 | 有時(shí)虛擬條件句并沒(méi)用if從句表示出來(lái)，而是用介詞短語(yǔ)（otherwise，or，without，but for）上下文或其他方式來(lái)表示。1. 條件暗含在短語(yǔ)中；2. 條件暗含在上下文中；3. 虛擬式變?yōu)榱?xí)慣說(shuō)法，很難找出其暗含的條件。 | |
| 條件從句中省略if采用倒裝語(yǔ)序的情況 | 在if引導(dǎo)的表示虛擬的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，有時(shí)可以把虛擬條件中的連詞if省去，而將had，should，were等助動(dòng)詞提到主語(yǔ)之前。例：原句：1: If she were younger,she,would do it. 去if：Were she younger,she,would do it. 2: If you had come earlier, you would have met him. 去if: Had you come earlier, you would have met him 3:If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 去if:Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. | |
| 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在as if/as though引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句中 | 1.表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在情況有懷疑，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式。 He treats the boy as if he were his own son. | |
| 2.表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 He spoke as if he had known about it. | | |
| 3．表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反，(表示將來(lái)的可能性不大),用would (might, could)+動(dòng)詞原形 He acts as if he could win in the game . | | |
| 注意：1.在as if/as though 句中，如果有可能成為事實(shí)，用陳述語(yǔ)氣。 例：He looks as if he going to be ill. 2.as though或as if引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句，從句主語(yǔ)和主句主語(yǔ)相同時(shí)，從句中可省略主語(yǔ)和部分謂語(yǔ)。 | | |
| 虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在lest，for fear that，so that及in order that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中表示“以防，以免”等意思 | 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原型構(gòu)成 For fear that it may rain tomorrow, we should bring an umbrella. | |
| 由“providing（that）/provided（that）/on condition that/suppose（that）/supposing（that）”引導(dǎo)的條件從句 | 根據(jù)情況，1.可以用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 例：suppose/supposing that it rained,we shouldn’t go out. 2.也可以用陳述語(yǔ)氣。 例：They are willing to surrender provided they are given free pardon.. | |
| “In case”引導(dǎo)的從句中即可用陳述句，也可以用虛擬語(yǔ)氣 | （should）+動(dòng)詞原型例：1.The game will be put off in case it (should) snow. 2.The game will be put off in case it snows. | |
| 名詞性從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 | | |
| 一：賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣1.在動(dòng)詞wish/hope后的賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。 | 對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬：從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式或過(guò)去進(jìn)行式。 I wish (that) I were a bird. | |
| 對(duì)過(guò)去情況的虛擬：從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，或would，could，might+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 I wish (that) I had seen the film last night. | | |
| 對(duì)將來(lái)情況的虛擬：從句謂語(yǔ)“would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形”。 I wish (that) I would\could go. | | |
| 在表示建議，命令，要求，忠告，等動(dòng)詞的后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 | 均以“should+動(dòng)詞原型”表示這種語(yǔ)氣，“should”常被省略。We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.They insisted that the boy (should) go with them. | |
| 常用的此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有：表示“提議，勸告，建議”的：propose,suggest,recommend,advise.表示“要求”的：ask,desire, request,demand,require,beg表示“同意，堅(jiān)持”的：insist表示“決定，命令”的：decide,order | | |
| 注意：suggest,insist不表示建議或堅(jiān)持要某人做某事時(shí)，即它們用于其本意暗示，表明，堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。The smile on his face suggested(暗示） that he was satisfied with our work.The man insisted 【堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為】that he had never stolen the money. | | |
| 在expect，believe，think，suspect等動(dòng)詞的否定或疑問(wèn)形式后的賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 | 經(jīng)常用“should+動(dòng)詞原型（或完成形式），表示驚奇，懷疑，不滿(mǎn)等情緒。 I cannot believe that you should think so. | |
| Would rather，had rather，后的賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 | 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)相反 I would rather you told me the truth.用過(guò)去完成式表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反。表示“寧愿做什么”或“對(duì)過(guò)去做的事的懊悔”。 I would rather you had gone there last Sunday. | |
| 注意：1.若某人愿自己做某事，would rather后用動(dòng)詞原型 2.would rather…..than……中用動(dòng)詞原型 I would rather do it by myself. I wouldrather watch TV at home than go to the cinema. | | |
| 主語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 | | |
| “It is(was)+形容詞（或過(guò)去分詞）+that….”結(jié)構(gòu)中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 | 表達(dá)形式為should+動(dòng)詞原形或省略should It’s quite necessary that we should have a walk now. | |
| 常用的形容詞：natural，appropriate，advisable，necessary，important，urgent，probable，possible，desirable，strange。 | | |
| 注意：在上述所列形容詞后面用that引出的賓語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。例：I don’t think it advisable that tom be assigned to the job since he has no experience.(湯姆缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)，指派他做這項(xiàng)工作我認(rèn)為是不恰當(dāng)?shù)?. | | |
| 在“It is (was)+名詞+that…..”結(jié)構(gòu)句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 | 表示建議，命令，請(qǐng)求，道歉，懷疑，驚奇等。It’s a pity that you (should) miss a good chance. | |
| 這類(lèi)名詞有：advice，decision，desire，demand，idea，order，pity，proposal，recommendation，suggestion，surprise，wish，wonder等。 | | |
| 表語(yǔ)從句或同位語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 | | |
| 某些表示建議，請(qǐng)求，命令等主觀意向的名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其后的表語(yǔ)從句或同位語(yǔ)從句需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣 | 表達(dá)形式為should+動(dòng)詞原型或直接用動(dòng)詞原型。My idea is that we (should ) think it over before accepting it.We all agree to that suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off.在It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required….that-clause句型中從句用(should )+動(dòng)詞原型It is demanded that we should work out a plan. | |
| 這類(lèi)名詞常見(jiàn)的有：demand，desire，requirement，advice，recommendation，suggestion，order，necessity，proposal，plan，idea。 | | |
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| 在It is (about/high) time+that 定語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 | | |
| 表示“該做……..的時(shí)候了” | 其動(dòng)詞形式用一般過(guò)去時(shí)或should+動(dòng)詞原型It is high time that you went / should go to school. | |
| 注意：在this is the first time/ second time that….句型中，從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用陳述語(yǔ)氣完成時(shí)態(tài)。 This is the second time that we have achieved such a great success. | | |
| If only 引起的感嘆句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 | | |
| If only引出感嘆句，意思是“要是…..多好”，表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的一種愿望。 | 表示現(xiàn)在的情況,應(yīng)用過(guò)去式;表示過(guò)去的情況,應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)表示將來(lái)的情況，用would+動(dòng)詞原形例：If only he didn’t drive so fast!(現(xiàn)在)Look at the terrible situation I am in !if only I had followed your advice(過(guò)去)If only the rain would stop.(將來(lái)) | |
| even if ( even though) 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 | | |
| 表示一種讓步語(yǔ)氣，即使...也做不成某事。 | 表示現(xiàn)在的情況,應(yīng)用過(guò)去式表示過(guò)去的情況,應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)Even if he were here, he could not solve the problem.Even if I had been busy then, I would have helped you. | |
