情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語氣是歷年高考英語的必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)，虛擬語氣是整個(gè)語法系統(tǒng)中的難點(diǎn)，因此，學(xué)好它必須要靜下心來、花些力氣。今天，讓我們看看關(guān)于虛擬語氣和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一些經(jīng)典例題，你都會(huì)嗎？

Ⅰ. 單句語法填空

1．The only thing that I__could__do was that I wished her a long life.

解析：句意：我唯一能做的事情是希望她能長壽。所填詞表示能力，此處要表達(dá)我唯一“能”做的，而且根據(jù)wished判斷句子應(yīng)該用一般過去時(shí)，所以填could。

2．Since you have such good preparations, there__should__not be any problem about passing the coming job interview.

解析：句意：既然你準(zhǔn)備得很充分，通過即將到來的工作面試應(yīng)該沒問題。根據(jù)since提供的原因“準(zhǔn)備充分”可以判斷出，此處表示“按理說應(yīng)該發(fā)生”的，故本空填情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should。

3．It has been accepted that all the students__shall__put on masks before going to school in case they are infected with flu virus.

解析：句意：為防止學(xué)生感染流感病毒，學(xué)生們在進(jìn)校前要戴上口罩，這一點(diǎn)大家都已接受。在第三人稱作主語的陳述句中，表示規(guī)定、規(guī)則，用shall。

4．Now I__would__like to ask you to look at some photographs if you don't mind.

解析：句意：如果你愿意的話，現(xiàn)在我想讓你看一些照片。I would like to do...是固定句式，意為“我想做……”。

5．Anyone__can__be in a rough life time，whether he is“Bai Fumei”or“Gao Fushuai”.

解析：句意：任何人都會(huì)有困難的時(shí)候，無論他是“白富美”還是“高富帥”。此處是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用于陳述句中，表示“一時(shí)的情況”，故用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can。

6．(2014·福建，32)__Were__(be) there no modern telecommunications，we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.

解析：句意：如果沒有現(xiàn)代通信手段，我們需要等待數(shù)周才能獲得來自世界各地的新聞。由句意和主句中的“would＋動(dòng)詞原形”可知，逗號前是一個(gè)表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的從句，應(yīng)為if there were...。此處條件句中的if省略，把were提到主語前，故填Were。

7．(2014·陜西)We would rather our daughter__stayed__(stay) at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.

解析：句意：我們寧愿讓女兒和我們一起待在家里，可那是她的選擇，而且她也不再是個(gè)孩子了。would rather后的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣，用一般過去時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硐喾吹氖聦?shí)。

8．(2014·重慶，13)It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I__had_done__(do) it?

解析：句意：是約翰打破了窗戶。你為什么以好像是我打破了的語氣對我說話？as if引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞與wish引導(dǎo)的賓語從句的虛擬語氣形式相同。結(jié)合語境可知，此處表示對過去的虛擬，填had done。

9．(2016·石家莊二模)—What a slow bus this is!

—Yes, we__may/might__just as well walk.

解析：may/might as well不妨……。

10．(2014·四川，6)I still remember my happy childhood when my mother__would__(will) take me to Disneyland at weekends.

解析：句意：我仍然記得我的幸福童年，那時(shí)我母親總會(huì)在周末帶我去迪士尼樂園。would表示過去的一種習(xí)慣。

Ⅱ. 語法填空

在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

Drunk driving, a major concern currently, is not a funny thing, __1. which__ has killed many people and ruined the lives of many others. At present, traffic accidents become“the world's first harm”．

Two months ago, after __2. drinking__(drink) a lot of alcohol, my friend's uncle drove his car home. He was __3. heavily__(heavy) drunk, but he still drove home by himself. On the road near his home, an old lady was going across the road, __4. but__ his uncle didn't notice her and he was still moving on under the influence of alcohol. And __5. the__ old lady didn't see his uncle, either. In the end, the lady died.

__6. Had__ it not been for his uncle's drunkenness, the terrible accident would not have happened. If the lady __7. hadn't_died__(die), she would live a happy life with her daughters and sons. And his uncle's home was also destroyed by his uncle. Therefore, two __8. families__(family) were destroyed.

I wish more people __9. could__(can) realize the seriousness of drunk driving and obey the traffic regulations faithfully. Always remember: refuse __10. to_drink__(drink) and drive, and give a safe world to you and me!

解析：

1．thing后是非限制性定語從句，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語，故填which。

2．a(chǎn)fter在此是介詞，后跟動(dòng)名詞。

3．修飾was drunk用副詞。

4．由didn't notice判斷，該空所用詞表示轉(zhuǎn)折，故填but。

5．特指上文提到的lady，故填定冠詞。

6．根據(jù)主句中的would not have happened判斷，逗號前面是一個(gè)虛擬語氣的條件句，句子的謂語應(yīng)用had done形式；但是因?yàn)槭÷粤薸f，所以要把had提前到句首，由此可判斷出該空填Had。

7．if引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣句子，故應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)，填hadn't died。

8．集體名詞family在此是被看作整體，此處指“兩個(gè)家庭”，應(yīng)用其復(fù)數(shù)形式families。

9．wish后的從句用虛擬語氣，此處表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況，所以填could。

10．refuse后用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語，refuse to do sth.“拒絕做某事”。

Ⅲ.單句改錯(cuò)

1．(2016·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ)Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.

答案與解析：can→should或去掉can　句意：一些同學(xué)建議我們?nèi)ジ浇拿麆俟袍E。suggest作動(dòng)詞，表示“建議”時(shí)，賓語從句的謂語通常用虛擬語氣“(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形”，故此處可把can改為should，也可去掉can。

2．(2015·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ)We must found ways to protect our environment.

答案與解析：found→find　句意：我們必須要找到保護(hù)環(huán)境的方法。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must后接動(dòng)詞原形。

3．(2016·湖南衡陽八中二模)It is true that no one should live without money in modern society.

答案與解析：should→can　句意：的確，在當(dāng)代社會(huì)，沒有錢就不能生活。根據(jù)句意可知，表示“能，能夠”須用can。

4．(2016·山西四校模擬)But for the rain，we should have a pleasant journey yesterday.

答案與解析：have后加had  句意：  要不是下雨，我們昨天會(huì)有一次愉快的旅行。對過去的虛擬用should have done結(jié)構(gòu)。

5．(2016·?？诙?He had telephoned to inform me of your birthday，or I would have known nothing about it.

答案與解析：去掉had　or前的句子不是虛擬條件句。