英語時態(tài) 英語共有16種時態(tài),主要有:完成時態(tài)——現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時、將來完成時;進行時態(tài)——現(xiàn)在進行時、過去進行時、將來進行時、完成進行時;一般時態(tài)。 一般現(xiàn)在時 (1)一般現(xiàn)在時表示沒有時限的持久存在的動作或狀態(tài)或現(xiàn)階段反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài),常和副詞 usually,often,always sometimes, regularly,near,occasionally,every year, every week 等連用。例如: The moon moves round the earth.. Mr. Smith travels to work by bus every day. (2)在由after,until,before,once,when,even if,in case,as long as,as soon as,the moment 以及 if,unless 等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句或條件狀語從句中,通常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。例如: I will tell him the news as soon as I see him. I will not go to countryside if it rains tomorrow. I will have arrived by the time the meeting begins. (3)某些表示起始的動詞,可用一般現(xiàn)在時表示按規(guī)定、計劃或安排要發(fā)生的動作,這類動詞有:be,go,come,start,depart,arrive,begin,leave 等。例如: The plane leaves at three sharp. The new teachers arrive tomorrow. (4)在由why,what,where,whoever,who,that,as 等引導(dǎo)的從句中,也常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。例如: Free tickets will be given to whoever comes first. You’ll probably be in the same train as I am tomorrow. 一般過去時 (1)表示過去某一特定時間所發(fā)生的、可完成的動作或狀態(tài),常與表示確切過去時間的詞、短語或從句連用。如 yesterday, last year, in 1949, a minute ago, just now 例如: We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film. (2)表示過去習(xí)慣性動作。例如: He always went to class last. I used to do my homework in the library. (注意與be used to doing短語的區(qū)別) (3) 在since 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句多用一般過去時.主句中一般用完成時 He has changed much since I saw him last. 一般將來時 (1)表示將來打算進行或期待發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。例如: I shall graduate next year. (2)幾種替代形式: 1)be going to +v在口語中廣泛使用,表示準備做或?qū)l(fā)生的事情。例如: I’m going to buy a house when we’ve saved enough money. 2)be to +v表示計劃安排要做的事,具有“必要”的強制性意義。例如: I am to play tennis this afternoon. 3)be about to +v表示即將發(fā)生的事情。例如: He was about to start. 4)be due to +v表示預(yù)先確定了的事, 必定發(fā)生的事。例如: The train is due to depart in ten minutes. 5)be on the point/verge of +v – ing 強調(diào)即將發(fā)生的某種事態(tài)。例如: The baby was on the point of crying when her mother finally came home. |
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