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大多數(shù)形容詞（性質(zhì)形容詞）和副詞有比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的變化,即原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí),用來(lái)表示事物的等級(jí)差別.原級(jí)即形容詞的原形,比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種. 1) 規(guī)則變化 單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞,加詞尾-er,-est來(lái)構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí). 構(gòu)成法 原級(jí) 比較級(jí) 最高級(jí) 一般單音節(jié)詞 tall(高的) taller tallest 未尾加-er,-est great(巨大的) greater greatest 以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾 nice(好的) nicer nicest 的單音詞和少數(shù) large(大的) larger largest 以- le結(jié)尾的雙 able（有能力的) abler ablest 音節(jié)詞只加-r,-st 以一個(gè)輔音字母 big(大的) bigger biggest 結(jié)尾的閉音節(jié)單 hot熱的) hotter hottest 音節(jié)詞,雙寫(xiě)結(jié) 尾的輔音字母, 再加-er,-est '以輔音字母+y' easy(容易的) easier easiest 結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞,busy(忙的) busier busiest 改y為i,再加 -er,-est 少數(shù)以-er,-ow clever(聰明的) cleverer cleverest 結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞 narrow(窄的) narrower narrowest 未尾加-er,-est 其他雙音節(jié)詞和 important(重要的) 多音節(jié)詞,在前 more important 面加more,most most important 來(lái)構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和 easily(容易地) 最高級(jí). more easily most easily 2) 不規(guī)則變化 原級(jí) 比較級(jí) 最高級(jí) good(好的)/ better best well(健康的) bad (壞的)/ worse worst ill(有病的) old (老的) older/elder oldest/eldest much/many(多的) more most little(少的) less least far (遠(yuǎn)的) farther/further farthest/furthest as + 形容詞或副詞原級(jí) + as 1）在否定句或疑問(wèn)句中可用so… as. He cannot run so/as fast as you. 2）當(dāng)as… as 中間有名詞時(shí)采用以下格式. as +形容詞+ a +單數(shù)名詞 as + many/much +名詞 This is as good an example as the other is. I can carry as much paper as you can.. 3）用表示倍數(shù)的詞或其他程度副詞做修飾語(yǔ)時(shí),放在as的前面. This room is twice as big as that one. Your room is the same size as mine. 4) 倍數(shù)+ as + adj. + as 倍數(shù)+ then + of This bridge is three times as long as that one. This bridge is three times the length of that one. Your room is twice as large as mine. Your room is twice the size of mine. 比較級(jí)形容詞或副詞 + than You are taller than I. They lights in your room are as bright as those in mine. 注意： 1）要避免重復(fù)使用比較級(jí). (錯(cuò)) He is more cleverer than his brother. (對(duì)) He is more clever than his brother. (對(duì)) He is clever than his brother. 2）要避免將主語(yǔ)含在比較對(duì)象中. (錯(cuò)) China is larger that any country in Asia. (對(duì)) China is larger than any other countries in Asia. 3）要注意對(duì)應(yīng)句型,遵循前后一致的原則. The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing. It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out. 4）要注意冠詞的使用,后有名詞的時(shí)候,前面才有可能有名詞. 比較：Which is large, Canada or Australia? Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia? She is taller than her two sisters. She is the taller of the two sisters. 可修飾比較級(jí)的詞 1）a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等 2）還可以用表示倍數(shù)的詞或度量名詞作修飾語(yǔ). 3）以上詞(除by far)外,必須置于比較級(jí)形容詞或副詞的前面. 典型例題: 1） ---- Are you feeling ____? ---- Yes,I'm fine now. A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better 答案：B. any 可修飾比較級(jí),quite修飾原級(jí),well的比較級(jí)為better. 2）The experiment was____ easier than we had expected. A. more B. much more C. much D. more much 答案：C. much可修飾比較級(jí),因此B,C都說(shuō)得通,但easier本身已是比較級(jí),不需more,因此C為正確答案. 3）If there were no examinations, we should have ___ at school. A. the happiest time B. a more happier time C. much happiest time D. a much happier time 答案：D. many,old 和 far 1) 如果后接名詞時(shí), much more +不可數(shù)名詞 many more +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 2) old 有兩種比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)形式: older/oldest 和elder/eldest. elder,eldest 只用于兄弟姐妹的長(zhǎng)幼關(guān)系. My elder brother is an engineer. Mary is the eldest of the three sisters. 3) far 有兩種比較級(jí),farther,further. 在英語(yǔ)中兩者都可指距離. 在美語(yǔ)中,father 表示距離,further表示進(jìn)一步. I have nothing further to say. the + 最高級(jí) + 比較范圍 1) The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. 形容詞最高級(jí)前通常必須用定冠詞 the,副詞最高級(jí)前可不用. 形容詞most前面沒(méi)有the,不表示最高級(jí)的含義,只表示'非常'. It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem. 注意： 使用最高級(jí)要注意將主語(yǔ)包括在比較范圍內(nèi). (錯(cuò)) Tom is the tallest of his three brothers. (對(duì)) Tom is the tallest of the three brothers. 2) 下列詞可修飾最高級(jí),by far, far, much, mostly, almost This hat is nearly / almost the biggest. 注意： a. very可修飾最高級(jí),但位置與much不同. This is the very best. This is much the best. b. 序數(shù)詞通常只修飾最高級(jí). Africa is the second largest continent. 3) 句型轉(zhuǎn)換： Mike is the most intelligent in his class. Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class. 4) '否定詞語(yǔ)+比較級(jí)','否定詞語(yǔ)+ so… as'結(jié)構(gòu)表示最高級(jí)含義. Nothing is so easy as this. =Nothing is easier than this. =This is the easiest thing. 和more有關(guān)的詞組 1) the more… the more… 越……就越…… The harder you work,the greater progress you'll make. 2) more B than A 與其說(shuō)A不如說(shuō)B less A than B He is more lazy than slow at his work. = He is less slow than lazy at his work. 3) no more… than… 與……一樣……,不比……多 The officials could see no more than the Emperor. no less… than… 與……一樣…… He is no less diligent than you. 4) more than 不只是,非常 She is more than kind to us all. 典型例題 1）The weather in China is different from____. A. in America B. one in America C. America D. that in America 答案：D. 本題意為'中國(guó)的天氣比美國(guó)熱.'比較的是天氣而不是國(guó)家,C不能選.A沒(méi)有名詞,后句成分不全,排除.B和D中,B中的one常用來(lái)代替可數(shù)名詞,而that可車(chē)以代替不可數(shù)或抽象名詞,所以選D. 2）After the new technique was introduced,the factory produced ___ tractors in 1988 as the year before. A. as twice many B. as many twice C. twice as many D. twice many as 答案C. 此句意為'這個(gè)廠1988能生產(chǎn)的拖拉機(jī)是往年的兩倍'. 表示倍數(shù)用'倍數(shù)+ as + 形容詞原形+ as +比較對(duì)象'的句型.所以此句答案為C. This ruler is three times as long as that one. 下面還有一些練習(xí)題,鞏固一下吧.. 一） 寫(xiě)出下列形容詞與副詞的比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)形式： long_____ ______ wide ______ _______ fat ____ _____ heavy____ ______ slow ______ _______ few____ _____ brightly______ -_____ bably _____ _______ far____ _____ quickly _____ ______ happy_____ -______ unhappy________ (二)用所給詞的正確形式填空： 1. Of the two girls, I find Lucy the _______ (clever). 2. Gold(黃金) is ______ (little) useful than iron(鐵). 3. My sister is two years _______ (old ) than I. 4. John’s parents have four daughters, and she is the _____ (young) child. 5. The _____ (cheap) bags are the not usually the best ones. 6. The short one is by far _______ expensive of the five. 7. The boy is not so ______ (interesting) as his brother. 8. Dick sings _____ (well), she sings ______(well) than John, but Mary sings______(well) in her class. 9. She will be much ______ (happy) in her mew house. 10. This dress is ______ that.(twice, as…as…, expensive) (三)選擇填空： 1． He feels _____ today than yesterday. A. tired B. more tired C. more tireder D. much tired 2. Which do you like _____, coffee, tea or milk? A. the worst B. worse C. the worse D. worst 3. Of the two toys, the child chose_____. A. the expensive one B. one most expensive C. a least expensive D. the most expensive of them 4. The line is ____ than that one. A. more longer B. not longer C. much more longer D. many more longer 5. The earth is _____ the moon. A. as 49 times big as B. 49 times as bigger as C. 49 times as big as D.as big as 49 times 6. The book is ____ of the two. A. thinner B. the thinner C. more thinner D. the thinnest 7. She looks _____ than she does. A. the more older B. very older C. much older D. more older 8. The garden is becoming ______. A. more beautiful and more B. more beautiful and beautiful C. more and more beautiful D. more beautiful and beautifuler 9. They competed（比賽） to see who could work _____. A. the fastest and best B. the faster and the better C. fastest and better D. faster and better 10.______ hurry, _______speed. A. More, less B. Much, little C. The more, the less D. The much, the little 11. This kind of coffee is different ______. A. and it is also better B. and better than the other C. but also than others D. from the other, and better (四)翻譯句子： 1． 本書(shū)跟那本書(shū)一樣有趣.This book is _____ _____ _____ that one. 2． 你游泳沒(méi)有你弟弟好.You can’t swim _____ _____ _____ your brother. 3． 今天比昨天冷的多.It is _____ ______ today______ it was yesterday. 4． 對(duì)這個(gè)故事我比另一個(gè)喜歡的多.This story is _____ ______ ______ than that one. 5． 他比我大兩歲.He is _____ ______ ______ than I. 6． 這個(gè)故事不如那個(gè)有趣.This story is _____ _____ _____ than that one. 7． 她的身體狀況一天天好起來(lái).He is getting _____ ______ ______ every day. 8.他對(duì)英語(yǔ)越來(lái)越感興趣.He is becoming ______ _____ _______ _____ ______ English. 9.他吃的越多,人越胖.The more he eats, the _______ he gets. 10.你的問(wèn)題是兩個(gè)中比較難的那個(gè).Your question is _______ ______ ______ of two. 典型例題: 1） ---- Are you feeling ____? ---- Yes,I'm fine now. A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better 答案：B. any 可修飾比較級(jí),quite修飾原級(jí),well的比較級(jí)為better. 2）The experiment was____ easier than we had expected. A. more B. much more C. much D. more much 答案：C. much可修飾比較級(jí),因此B,C都說(shuō)得通,但easier本身已是比較級(jí),不需more,因此C為正確答案. 3）If there were no examinations, we should have ___ at school. A. the happiest time B. a more happier time C. much happiest time D. a much happier time 答案：D. 寫(xiě)出下列形容詞與副詞的比較級(jí)形式： long_____ wide ______ fat ____ heavy____ slow ______ few____ brightly______ bably _____ far____ _____ quickly _____ happy_____ unhappy________ |
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