回顧：原級的構(gòu)成和用法

l)構(gòu)成：形容詞，副詞的原級形式是形容詞

2)用法：表示雙方在程度，性質(zhì)，特征等某方面相等時，用' as 十原級形容詞或副詞十 as'的結(jié)構(gòu)；

表示雙方不相等時，用' not so (as)十原級形容詞或副詞十 as'的結(jié)構(gòu)；

表示一方是另一方的若干倍時，用'倍數(shù)十 as十原級形容詞或副詞十 as'的結(jié)構(gòu)．

e.g. Ms．Sun speaks English as fluently as you．

This building looks not so (as) high as that one．

This room is three times as large as that one.

1. 比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成

1） 加-er,-est構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。

單音節(jié)形容詞和副詞 以不發(fā)音的-e結(jié)尾的

High higher highest safe safer safest

Hard harder hardest late later latest

small----smaller----smallest large----larger----largest

new----newer----newest nice----nicer----nicest

輔音字母要雙寫的情況 以輔音加-y結(jié)尾的情況

Big bigger biggest dry drier driest

Hot hotter hottest merry merrier merriest

Thin thinner thinnest easy easier easiest

2) 加more, most構(gòu)成比較級和最高級

多音節(jié)的形容詞 由形容詞加-ly構(gòu)成的副詞

Expensive more expensive most expensive slowly more slowly most slowly

Carefully more carefully most carefully highly more highly most highly

以-ful,-less,-able,-ous,-ive, -ing等結(jié)尾的雙元音形容詞

Useless more useless most useless

Serious more serious most serious

分詞形容詞tired,pleased及glad,often,real, right,wrong等單音節(jié)形容詞。

Tired more tired most tired

Glad more glad most glad

3）下列形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級可有兩種構(gòu)成方法．

cruel crueler cruelest more cruel most cruel

often oftener oftenest more often most often

strict stricter strictest more strict most strict

friendly friendlier friendliest more friendly most friendly

4)形容詞。副詞的比較級和最高級的不規(guī)則構(gòu)成法

Good/well better best

Bad/ill/badly worse worst

Many/much more most

Little less least

Far farther/further farthest/furthest

Old older/elder oldest/eldest

2 比較級的表示法：主語+be+比較級+than…

主語+謂語+比較級+than…

1) 不同主語的比較，

①雙方比較，表示一方超過另一方時，用'比較級十 than'的結(jié)構(gòu)表示

He is two years younger than I.

②表示一方不及另一方時，用' less十原級十 than'的結(jié)構(gòu)表示

This room is less beautiful than that one

2) 同一主語不同方面的比較

She is now happier than she has ever been

用于修飾比較級的詞：even, （very）much, far, a lot, still, yet. a bit，a little，still，much，yet，by far

注意：by far通常用于強調(diào)最高級．用于比較級時，一般放在比較級的后面，如在前面，應(yīng)在二者中間加' the'．如

He is taller by far than his brother.

He is by far the taller of the two brothers.

表示一方超過另一方的程度或數(shù)量，可在比較級前加上上述表示程度的副詞，以加強語氣。

He works even harder than before.

4）某些以一 or結(jié)尾的形容詞進行比較時，用 to代替 than．(這些詞有inferior [in'fi?ri?]低人一等的 | 下等的 | 下級的， superior [sju:'piri?]上級的；優(yōu)秀的，出眾的；高傲的，junior（下級的，年少的），senior（年長的，高級的），prior（較早的，在先的）等．Junior school小學(xué)，senior school中學(xué)例如：

He is superior to Mr Wang in mathematics

5）在比較從句中為了避免重復(fù)，我們通常用 that(those)，one(ones)代替前面出現(xiàn)的名詞。 that指物，one既可指人，也可指物．that可代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞，而one只能代替可數(shù)名詞.例如：

The book on the table is more interesting than that on the desk.

A box made of iron is stronger than one made of wood．

二，as, little, few, elder等在比較級中的用法。

as 用于比較級

1）。As +形容詞或副詞原級+as

Tom is as tall as Mike.

2) as +形容詞原形+A+名詞+as

He is as good a student as you.

3) 倍數(shù)+as+形容詞或副詞原級+as

This room is three times as large as that one.

提到倍數(shù)用法，

補充：表示倍數(shù)的比較級有如下幾種句型：

1) A is three(four，etc) times as big(high，long，wide，etc．) as B．例如：

Asia is four times as lareg as Europe，亞洲是歐洲的四倍大．(亞洲比歐洲大三倍．)

2) A is three(four，ete) times the size(height，length，width，ete) of B．例如；

The new building is four times the size( the height) of the old one．這座新樓是那座舊樓的四倍大(四倍高)。(這座新樓比那座舊樓大三倍[高三倍])．

3) A is three(four，etc．) times bigger ( higher，longer，wider，etc．) than B．例如：

Your school is three times bigger than ours，你們的學(xué)校比我們的學(xué)校大三倍．(你們的學(xué)校是我們學(xué)校的四倍大．)

用 times表示倍數(shù)，一般只限于表示包括基數(shù)在內(nèi)三倍或三倍以上的數(shù)．表示兩倍可以用 twice或 double

little/few和many/much的比較級和最高級以及用法

1）little less least修飾不可數(shù)名詞

2）few fewer fewest修飾可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞

3）much more most修飾不可數(shù)名詞

4）many more most修飾可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞

If you want to be thinner and healthier, you’d better eat less food and take more exercise.

3.a bit, a little, not a bit, not a little的用法

1）the +比較級+主謂，the+比較級+主謂：越。。。越。。。

The harder he works, the happier he feels.

2)比較級+and+比較級：越來越。。。

The weather is getting colder and colder.

4. elder的用法

1）不能單獨用作表語，因為elder不是真正意義上的比較級

My sister is older( than me). My sister is elder(than me)

2) 描述家庭人員出生的先后

She is the older of the two.他是姐妹中較大的一個。

三．形容詞和副詞最高級的用法，most/mostly/almost/at most 的含義

1.形容詞和副詞最高級的用法

三者或三者以上的比較用最高級。表示最高程度時，用“the+最高級”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。最高級中表示比較范圍的常用among, in, of 引導(dǎo)的介詞短語或從句表示。

Yesterday was the hottest day of the year.

She is one of the most beautiful girls in our school.

He works (the) hardest in his class.

2. 用于修飾最高級的詞

最高級可以被序數(shù)詞以及much, by far, nearly, almost by no means，not quite，not really，nothing like等詞語所修飾. 例如： This hat is by far／much／nearly／almost／not nearly／by no means/not quite／nothing like the biggest． How much did the second most expensive hat coat?

The Yellow River is the second longest in China.

3. 由ing分詞和ed分詞演變過來的形容詞(包括不規(guī)則動詞如know→known)只能加more或most來表示它們的比較級和最高級

more(most) striking, more(most) interesting, more(most) wounded, more(most)worn等。

4表示'最高程度'的形容詞，如 excellent，extreme，perfect等，沒有最高級，也不能用比較級．

5. most, mostly, almost, at most的用法。

most作副詞，構(gòu)成形容詞和副詞的最高級

Most作副詞，構(gòu)成大多數(shù)雙音節(jié)或多音節(jié)形容詞和副詞的最高級形式，前面常有定冠詞。

Which do you think is the most comfortable hotel in this town?

2)most作副詞，修飾形容詞和副詞，用來加強語氣，表示：極，十分。前面不用定冠詞。

It’s most dangerous to play with fire.

3）most作形容詞，修飾名詞。

Most作形容詞，意為“大多數(shù)的，大部分的，幾乎全部的”，修飾名詞，前面不用冠詞。與most of同義，但most of后的名詞前必須加冠詞。

Most ofthestudents had left when he came.

4) mostly :主要地，多半地，相當于mainly

He uses his bike mostly for going to school

5）almost意為：幾乎，相當于very nearly.

He spent almost the whole day reading English.

6)at most意為“最多”, 與at least相對

I can pay only twenty dollars at (the ) most.

訓(xùn)練

1. Tony is going camping with ________boys.

A. little two other B. two little other C. two other little D. little other two

2. — Mum, I think I’m ________to get back to school.

— Not really, my dear, you’d better stay at home for another day or two.

A. so well B. so good C. well enough D. good enough

3. — Shall I sit at this end of the boat or the other end?

— If you keep still, you can sit at ________end.

A. neither B. each C. either D. any

4. It is impossible for so ________people to do so________work in a single day.

A. few; much B. few; many C. little; much D. little; many

5. After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced ________tractors in 1988 as the year before.

A. as twice many B. as many C. twice as many D. twice many as

6. Which is ________country, Canada or Australia?

A. a large B. larger C. a larger D. the larger

7. — Will you take this dictionary to Mr. Anderson, please?

— Sorry, I can’t, he________.

A. doesn’t any more study here B. doesn’t any longer there study

C. doesn’t study any more there D. doesn’t study there any longer

8. — I have to pay 100 dollars for this toy car.

— It’s probably________.

A. worthy them B. worthy it C. worth them D. worth it

9. The color TV set in the Yellow Crane Commercial Building will be ________, but ________.

A. cheaper; not as good B. cheaper; not as better

C. more cheap; not as better D. more cheap; not as good

10. Her voice sounds________.

A. sweetly B. sweet C. to be sweetly D. to be sweet

11. May I have ________more water-melons (西瓜)?

A. any B. every C. some D. each

12. He is not planning to go________.

A. anywhere B. somewhere C. nowhere D. everywhere

13. I don’t like this ink, I like ________ink.

A. some others B. another C. an other D. some other

14. The work pleased the old man; this work________.

A. pleased B. was pleased C. pleasing D. was pleasing

15. Eating an apple a day is considered ________to health.

A. use B. usely C. useful D. useless

16. Do you know the name of that________?

A. funny, little, red mosquito-like insect B. little, funny, mosquito-like insect

C. red, little, funny, mosquito-like insect D. little, mosquito-like, funny, red insect.

17. We can finish our lecture________quickly if you keep quiet for a few minutes.

A. fairly B. well C. too D. soon

18. — Let’s go to the seashore this morning.

— We are planning to; in fact we have the picnic basket packed ________.

A. however B. still C. yet D. already

19. She is ________too old to travel long.

A. quite B. very C. far D. many

20. — I wish Mubble would drive us to the airport.

— He has ________to take us all.

A. too small a car B. very small a car C. a too small car D. such small a car

21. Piddy’s plan was ________.

A. so good as, if no better than ours B. as good as, if not better than ours

C. as good like, if no better than our’s D. as well as, if not better than ours

22. The more we looked at the mountain, ________.

A. the less we liked it B. we like it less

C. better we like it D. it looked better

23. Who lives ________here?

A. farthest away B. furthest away C. the farthest from D. the further away

24. — How was the party?

— Fine except that we arrived________.

A. terribly late B. terribly lately C. terrible late D. terrible lately

25. — How about Joe Hill?

— He arrived home ________and sound.

A. safe B. safely C. with safety D. in safe

26. — What do you think of that job, Tonny?

— We feel ________that the job shouldn’t have been done so carelessly.

A. strong B. strongly C. being strong D. to be strong

27. Because she was late again for school, the teacher became________.

A. very angrily B. much angry C. very angry D. much angrily

28. Can you give me ________change for this ten-dollar note?

A. little B. short C. small D. tiny

29. Jane swims ________than I, but she doesn’t swim ________my sister.

A. better; as well as B. better; better C. as well as; better D. better; than

30. They went by train ________Beijing, and there took ship ________France.

A. so far as; for B. as far as; to C. to; so far as D. for; as far as

31. The food tastes ________and sells well.

A. nice B. well C. salt D. much better

32. The result proved________.

A. correct B. that his words right C. being correct D. what he said is right

33. The ________ spider lives in the hot, thick rain forests of South America.

A. bird-eaten B. eaten-bird C. bird-eating D. eating-bird

34. He thought the Englishman was ________that American.

A. so clever as B. less clever than C. as cleverer as D. more cleverer than

35. I’d like him to go and see ________the coat would be ready.

A. how soon B. how long C. whether D. that

36. Speak________, please, I can’t hear you.

A. loudly B. louder C. alouder D. more loudly

37. It is certain that he has ________heart trouble.

A. little B. no C. not D. big

38. In the sports meet he jumped ________, so he was ________spoken of.

A. highly; high B. the higher; highly

C. highest; highly D. more highly; very high

39. He is not good at French, ________ good at German.

A. he is B. nor does he C. neither he is D. neither is he

40. Look out! Here________.

A. comes the bus B. is the bus coming C. the bus comes D. the bus is coming

41. Your coat is wet. Why not take ________?

A. off it B. it off C. it down D. out it

42. This hall is ________that room.

A. twice big than B. twice as bigger as C. not big as D. twice as big as

43. You’d better keep your mouth ________ and your eyes________.

A. close; open B. closed; open C. closed; opened D. close; opened

44. Ella was a ________shy girl but her classmates seldom thought of her as shy.

A. quite B. rather C. too D. so

45. The little boy was ________frightened ________move.

A. both; and B. too; to C. either; or D. not; until

46. The children were ________excited to see ________many strange things in the museum.

A. very; that B. much; so C. too; such D. too; so

47. ________meeting will begin is still unknown.

A. If the B. That the C. When the D. The

48. Only when air moves________.

A. it can be felt B. can we feel it C. can it feel D. we can feel it

49. The college students insisted on being sent to work ________they were most needed ________they graduated.

A. where; when B. if; unless C. because; while D. though; as

50. — ________do you go to see your grandfather?

— Twice a month.

A. How soon B. How long C. How often D. What time

51. The girl wore a coat ________long for her.

A. too much B. much too C. very much D. a bit of

52. Tom’s mother lay________, so Tom sat________.

A. ill, silence B. sick; silent C. with illness; still D. sickly; worried

53. He was ________ kind ________show me the way to the stadium.

A. enough; to B. so; that C. very; in order to D. so; as to

54. It’s________ nine o’clock. You are ________at breakfast!

A. yet; still B. still; already C. already; yet D. already; still

55. He was so deeply moved by his words that he couldn’t fall ________deep into the night.

A. sleep B. asleep C. sleeping D. sleepy

56. I hardly ever hear him sing ________song.

A. any B. many C. such D. latest

57. She was half an hour ________for the class.

A. late B. later C. latter D. latest

58. Mr. Scott is ________respected by his students.

A. very B. extreme C. rather D. much

59. I think ________to learn English from early childhood.

A. it best B. it is the best C. it the best D. it will be best

60. I can’t remember where I put the pen, it is ________to be found.

A. nowhere B. somewhere c. anywhere D. however

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