點(diǎn)苔之法,未易講也。一幅山水,通體片段,皴染已完,要細(xì)玩搜求,何處墨光不顯,陰凹處不深,加之以苔。有可點(diǎn)不可點(diǎn)之妙,正在意會。點(diǎn)之恰當(dāng),如美女簪花;不當(dāng),如東施效顰。蓋點(diǎn)苔一法,為助山之蒼茫,為顯墨之精彩,非無意加增也。古畫有不點(diǎn)者,皆皴染入妙,石面棱層,無光滑之病,墨色神彩不暗,故無所事乎點(diǎn)苔。點(diǎn)苔之訣,或圓,或直,或橫。圓者筆筆皆圓,直者筆筆皆直,橫者筆筆皆橫,不可雜亂顛倒,要一順點(diǎn)之。用筆如蜻蜓點(diǎn)水,落紙要輕,或濃或淡,有散有聚,大小相間,于山又添一番精神也。山頭石面,當(dāng)點(diǎn)之處,微加數(shù)點(diǎn),望之愈覺風(fēng)致飄逸。近有率意加點(diǎn),不知當(dāng)與不當(dāng),使觀者望之,如鼠糞堆積。大點(diǎn)者如瓜子鋪陳幾案,更有如小谷米形工致細(xì)點(diǎn),如石之輪廓,或山頭石面,周遭點(diǎn)之,筆墨之趣,盡被掩沒,望之似蟆背蟻陣。皆不知點(diǎn)苔之法也。不知其法,妄以點(diǎn)苔為遮石面之丑,不知石之筋紋畫就,其敗筆癰腫之病已成,愈遮而丑愈出矣。學(xué)者其微參之可也。
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