實(shí)用高中英語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)與句型詞典

suggest

1. suggest doing sth 建議做某事。如：

He suggested moving to the country. 他建議搬到鄉(xiāng)下去。

He suggested going together in one car. 他建議大家一起坐一輛汽車(chē)去。

注：該結(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)名詞有時(shí)可以有邏輯主語(yǔ)。如：

He suggested our staying. 他建議我們留下。

但是，suggest 不帶不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

正：He suggests her doing it. 他建議她做此事。

誤：He suggests he to do it.

2. suggest sb (sth) for sth 為某事而提出某人(某事物)。如：

Whom would you suggest for the job? 你提議由誰(shuí)來(lái)做這工作?

The following points are suggested for consideration. 以下幾點(diǎn)提出來(lái)供參考。

3. suggest sth to sb 向某人建議(提出)某事。如：

I suggested a way out to her. 我向她提出一個(gè)解決問(wèn)題的辦法。

What did you suggest to the manager? 你向經(jīng)理提了什么建議。

注：suggest 后不接雙賓語(yǔ)，即不用于 suggest sb sth。

suit

1. be suited for [to] (doing) sth 適合做……，對(duì)……適宜。如：

He is suited for [to] teaching. 他適合教書(shū)(當(dāng)老師)。

He is quite suited to [for] the work. 他很適合做此工作。

2. be suited to do sth 適合于做某事。如：

He is suited to be a doctor. 他適合當(dāng)醫(yī)生。

None of us is suited to do work. 我們當(dāng)中沒(méi)有哪個(gè)適合做這工作。

3. suit oneself 隨自己的愿意。如：

You don’t want to come? Well, suit yourself. 你不想來(lái)，那好，隨你便。

sun

1. in the sun 在陽(yáng)光下，在太陽(yáng)下。如：

Don’t read in the sun. 不要在陽(yáng)光下看書(shū)。

The cat likes to sit in the sun. 貓喜歡曬太陽(yáng)。

2. under the sun 世界上，到底，究竟。如：

It’s the best wine under the sun. 這是世界上最好的酒。

What under the sun do you mean? 你到底是什么意思?

3. with the sun 在日出(日落)時(shí)。如：

They went to bed with the sun. 他們?nèi)章涠ⅰ?/span>

supply

1. supply sb with sth 提供某物給某人。如：

Cows supply us with milk. 奶牛為我們提供牛奶。

Most villages are supplied with electricity. 大多數(shù)村莊有電力供應(yīng)。

注：該結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞 with 有時(shí)可省略，但以不省略較普通。

2. supply sth to sb 提供某人給某人。如：

They supply tools to workers. 他們向工人們提供工具。

The school supplied textbooks to the students. 學(xué)校為學(xué)生提供教科書(shū)。

注：該結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞 to 有時(shí)可換成 for, 但不如用 to 普通。

suppose

1. be supposed to do sth 應(yīng)該(理應(yīng))做某事。如：

They are supposed to arrive before dark. 他們應(yīng)該在天黑前到。

Everybody knows, but nobody is supposed to know. 本來(lái)誰(shuí)也不該知道這事，但人人都知道了。

注：其中的不定式有時(shí)可能是進(jìn)行式或完成式。如：

He’s supposed to be doing his homework at home now. 他現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該在家里做作業(yè)。

He is not supposed to have left the hospital so soon. 他本不該這么早就出院的。

2. suppose sb (sth) to be

(1) 認(rèn)為某人(某事)……。如：

I should suppose him to be fifty. 我想他會(huì)有50歲了吧。

I supposed him to be a workman, but he’s in fact a thief. 我認(rèn)為他是個(gè)工匠，可實(shí)際上他是個(gè)賊。

(2) 假定，假設(shè)。如：

Let’s suppose it to be so. 我們假定情況是這樣。

sure

1. be sure of

(1) 對(duì)……有把握。如：

Are you sure of these facts? 你對(duì)這些事實(shí)有把握嗎?

注：有時(shí)說(shuō)成 be sure about。如：

I’m not sure of [about] that. 我對(duì)此沒(méi)有把握。

(2) 一定會(huì)得到……。如：

You are sure of a warm welcome. 你一定會(huì)受到熱烈歡迎。

He is sure of passing the exam if he works hard. 只要他用功，他就一定能考及格。

2. be sure to do sth 一定要(會(huì))做某事。如：

Be sure to lock the door when you leave. 你離開(kāi)時(shí)一定要鎖門(mén)。

You’re sure to fail if you do it that way. 你要是那樣做，你肯定會(huì)失敗。

注：有時(shí)可與 be sure that-clause 轉(zhuǎn)換。如：

Be sure you finish it today. / Be sure to finish it today.

你今天一定要把它完成。

3. for sure 肯定地，無(wú)疑地，確切地。如：

We will win for sure. 我們肯定會(huì)贏。

No one knows for sure where he lives. 誰(shuí)也不能確切地知道他住在哪。

4. make sure

(1) 弄清，弄確實(shí)。如：

Make sure of your facts before you accuse him. 你在控訴他之前要確查事實(shí)。

Can you make sure where she has put the gold ring? 你能弄清她把金戒指放在什么地方了嗎?

(2) 設(shè)法，確保。如：

Arrive early at the cinema to make sure of (getting) a seat. 早點(diǎn)去電影院以便能弄個(gè)座位。

Ask for a receipt and make sure that you get it. 要一張收據(jù)，而且一定要拿到手。

5. to be sure

(1) 當(dāng)然可以。如：

A：May I leave now? 我現(xiàn)在可以離開(kāi)了嗎?

B：To be sure. 當(dāng)然可以。

(2) 誠(chéng)然，無(wú)可否認(rèn)。如：

He is young, to be sure, but experienced. 他固然年輕，但很有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

surface

1. on the surface 表面上，外表上。如：

He is honest on the surface. 他表面上很誠(chéng)實(shí)。

His politeness is only on the surface. 他只是表面上的客氣。

surprise

1. be surprised at (doing) sth 對(duì)(做)某事感到驚奇。如：

We are surprised at you. 你的行為讓我們感到驚奇。

He was surprised at the news. 聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息他感到很驚奇。

She was surprised at finding the house empty. 他發(fā)現(xiàn)房子是空的，感到很驚訝。

2. be surprised to do sth 對(duì)做某事感到驚奇。如：

I’m surprised to see you here. 想不到在這兒見(jiàn)到你。

I was surprised to hear that his wife had left him. 聽(tīng)說(shuō)他妻子離開(kāi)了他，我感到很驚奇。

注：有時(shí)可與 be surprised at 轉(zhuǎn)換。如：

We were greatly surprised to hear [at hearing] he was in prison. 聽(tīng)說(shuō)他坐牢了，我們大吃一驚。

3. in surprise 驚奇地。如：

She looked at me in surprise. 她驚奇地看著我。

All the students looked up in surprise. 所有的學(xué)生都驚訝地抬起頭來(lái)。

注：有時(shí)也說(shuō) with surprise。

4. to one’s surprise 出乎意料地，使人吃驚的是。如：

(Much) To my surprise the door was unlocked. 使我(大為)吃驚的是，門(mén)沒(méi)有鎖。

To the surprise of everybody the man was the girl’s father. 使大家吃驚的是，這個(gè)人就是這個(gè)女孩的父親。

5. take sb by surprise 使某人大吃一驚。如：

You’ve taken me by surprise. 我冷不防地被嚇了一跳。

Her sudden death took us all by surprise. 她突然去世讓我們大家大吃一驚。

T

table

1. at table 在吃飯。如：

He seldom talks at table. 他吃飯時(shí)很少說(shuō)話。

They were at table when we called. 我們?nèi)ピL時(shí)，他們正在吃飯。

2. at the table 在桌邊。如：

The boy was sitting at the table drawing. 那小孩正坐在桌旁畫(huà)畫(huà)。

注：美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中也可用 at the table 表示“在吃飯”。

3. set [lay] the table 擺桌子，擺餐具(準(zhǔn)備開(kāi)飯)。如：

Mother is setting [laying] the table. 母親在擺桌子。

take

1. take back 收回，接回，退回。如：

I’m sorry, I take back what I said. 對(duì)不起，我收回我說(shuō)過(guò)的話。

They wouldn’t take back the shirt. 襯衫他們不讓退貨。

2. take down

(1) 寫(xiě)下，記下。如：

He took down everything the teacher said. 他把老師說(shuō)的所有話都記了下來(lái)。

I didn’t take down his phone number. 我沒(méi)有記下他的電話號(hào)碼。

(2) 拆下，拆掉。如：

The machine takes down easily. 這機(jī)器很容易拆。

They decided to take down the dangerous bridge. 他們決定把這座危險(xiǎn)的橋拆掉。

3. take in

(1) 收留。如：

So he took in the boy (dog). 所以他就收留了這個(gè)男孩(這條狗)。

(2) 包括。如：

The list takes in everyone. 每個(gè)人都上了名單。

(3) 理解。如：

We find it difficult to take in what he teaches. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他教的東西很難理解。

(4) 欺騙，使上當(dāng)。如：

Don’t be taken in by his promises. 別被他的諾言所欺騙。

4. take off

(1) 脫下。如：

Take off your wet clothes. 脫下你的濕衣服。

He took off his glasses and looked up. 他取下眼鏡， 抬頭看了看。

(2) 起飛。如：

When did the plane take off? 飛機(jī)是什么時(shí)候起飛的?

(3) 打折扣，扣掉，去掉。如：

Can you take five dollars off the price? 你可以減價(jià)五美元嗎?

(4) 請(qǐng)假，休息。如：

I want to take a day off (from work). 我想休假一天。

5. take on

(1) 聘用，雇用。如：

The company decided to take on a new secretary. 這家公司決定聘一個(gè)新秘書(shū)。

(2) 呈現(xiàn)，顯現(xiàn)，具有。如：

This word had taken a new meaning. 這個(gè)詞有了新的意義。

Her face took on a new expression. 她的臉上露出了新的表情。

(3) 承擔(dān)或擔(dān)任(工作或責(zé)任等)。如：

He advised me not to take too much work. 他勸我不要做太多的工作。

6. take over 接替，接管，繼承。如：

Who will take over his job? 他的工作由誰(shuí)來(lái)接替?

Would you like me to take over the driving for a while? 你愿意讓我接替你開(kāi)一會(huì)兒車(chē)嗎?

7. take to

(1) 喜歡。如：

He took to Mary as soon as they met. 他一見(jiàn)瑪麗就愛(ài)上了她。

(2) 養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣，沉溺于。如：

He soon took to drinking again. 不久他又喝起酒來(lái)。

(3) 去(某處)。如：

He was ill and had to take to bed. 他病倒了，只好臥床。

8. take up

(1) 開(kāi)始(學(xué)習(xí)或從事等)。如：

He dropped medicine and took up physics. 他放棄學(xué)醫(yī)，開(kāi)始學(xué)物理。

For a long time I had wanted to take up writing. 很久以來(lái)我一直想從事寫(xiě)作。

(2) 繼續(xù)。如：

We took up our journey the next day. 第二天我們繼續(xù)趕路。

This chapter takes up where the last one left off. 本章接續(xù)上一章談到的內(nèi)容。

(3) 占去(時(shí)間或空間)。如：

The table takes too much room. 這桌子太占地方了。

The work took up all of Sunday. 這活兒占去了整個(gè)星期天。

(4) 接納(乘客等)，接受(挑戰(zhàn)，建議，條件等)。如：

The bus stopped to take up passengers. 公共汽車(chē)停下來(lái)讓乘客上車(chē)。

He has taken up the bet. 他已接受打賭的條件。

(5) 提出(商討)，討論。如：

There’s another matter which we ought to take up. 還有一件事我們要提出來(lái)商量。

9. take sb sth / take sth to sb 給某人帶(送)去某物。如：

Take your father this glass of water. / Take this glass ofwater to your father. 把這杯水給你父親送去。

Take her some flowers. / Take some flowers to her. 帶一些花給她。

10. take sb (sth) for [to be]……把某人(某物)當(dāng)作……。如：

He took her smile for agreement. 他把她的微笑視為同意。

Of course I didn’t tell her your secret ---- what do youtake me for? 當(dāng)然我沒(méi)有把你的秘密告訴她---你都把我當(dāng)什么人了?

I took him for an honest man [to be honest]. 我看他為人老實(shí)。

I took him for Mr Smith. 我錯(cuò)把他看成是史密斯先生。

注：按傳統(tǒng)說(shuō)法：take……for 往往指不合事實(shí)地“錯(cuò)誤認(rèn)為”，而 take……to be [as]則可能指正確地也可能指不正確地“認(rèn)為”，但現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)已不完全遵循此規(guī)則。

11. It takes (sb) some time to do sth 做某事花(某人)時(shí)間。如：

It took me two hours to do the maths exercises. 做數(shù)學(xué)練習(xí)花了我兩個(gè)小時(shí)。

It will take three hours to go there by bus. 坐公共汽車(chē)去要花三個(gè)小時(shí)。

注：該句型在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中可有多種變體。比較：

It took him half an hour to mend his bike. / It took half an hour for him to mend the bike. 他修理自行車(chē)花了半個(gè)小時(shí)。

It took him 10 minutes to solve the problem. / He took 10 minutes solving [to solve] the problem. 他花10分鐘解出了這道題。

It took me an hour to write the letter. / The letter took me an hour (to write). / I took an hour to write the letter. 我寫(xiě)這封信花了一個(gè)小時(shí)。

按傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)法，以上句型只用于花時(shí)間，不用于花錢(qián)，但這在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中已有所改變。如：

It took him a lot of money to buy her a fur coat. / It took a lot of money for him to buy her a fur coat. 他給她買(mǎi)一件皮外套花了不少錢(qián)。

12. It takes sth (sb) to do sth 某做某事花精力(需要人等)。如：

It takes two to make a quarrel. 一個(gè)巴掌拍不響。

It took three men to lift the box. 抬這個(gè)箱子要三個(gè)人。

It would take a strong man to do the work. 身強(qiáng)力壯的人才做得了這工作。

talk

1. talk about sth 談?wù)撃呈?。如?/span>

What are you talking about? 你們?cè)谡勈裁?/span>?

Let’s not talk about it now. 這事我們現(xiàn)在別談了。

2. talk of sb (sth) 談到某人或某事。如：

We often talk of you. 我們經(jīng)常談起你。

He talked of going abroad. 他曾談到要出國(guó)。

3. talk to [with] sb 與某人說(shuō)話或談話。如：

I want to talk to your father. 我想同你父親談?wù)劇?/span>

He likes to talk to [with] girls. 他喜歡同女孩子說(shuō)話。

4. talk sb into (out of) (doing) sth 說(shuō)得使某人(某事)……。如：

The man talked right into wrong. 這個(gè)人說(shuō)得是非顛倒。

She talked him out of killing himself. 她說(shuō)服他不自殺。

He talked his wife out of (into) buying a car. 他說(shuō)服他妻子不買(mǎi)(買(mǎi))車(chē)。

5. talk over 討論，商量。如：

I have an important matter to talk over with you. 我有件重要事要與你談?wù)劇?/span>

taste

1. taste like 嘗起來(lái)像……。如：

This tastes like an orange. 這東西嘗起來(lái)像是個(gè)桔子。

2. taste of 有……的味道，體驗(yàn)到……。如：

It tastes of lemon. 這東西有檸檬的味道。

He tastes of poverty. 他嘗到了貧窮的滋味。

3. have a taste for 喜歡，愛(ài)好。如：

He has a taste for music. 他愛(ài)好音樂(lè)。

She has a taste for foreign travel. 她喜歡到國(guó)外旅行。

比較：have a taste of 嘗嘗……。如：

Just have a taste of this cake. 嘗嘗這塊蛋糕吧。

4. to one’s taste 合某人的口味，合某人的意。如：

The soup is quite to my taste. 這湯很合我的口味。

The plan is just to my taste. 這個(gè)計(jì)劃正合我的意。

比較：to taste 按口味，適量地(用于烹飪法等的說(shuō)明)。如：

Add salt to taste. 加適量的鹽。

tea

1. drink tea 喝茶。如：

The English like to drink tea. 英國(guó)人喜歡喝茶。

注：有可說(shuō) have tea, take tea。

2. make (the) tea 沏茶，泡茶

Mother is making (the) tea. 母親在泡茶。

注：有時(shí)也說(shuō) draw tea, 但一般不用 cook tea。

3. black tea 紅茶。如：

Whick do you like, black tea or green tea? 紅茶和綠茶，你更喜歡哪種?

注：英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣上不用 red tea 表示“紅茶”。

teach

1. teach sb sth / teach sth to sb 教某人某事物。如：

Mr Smith teaches me French. / Mr Smith teaches French tome. 史密斯先生教我法語(yǔ)。

Who teaches you swimming? / Who teaches swimming to you? 誰(shuí)教你游泳?

2. teach sb (how) to do sth 教某人做某事。如：

Who taught you to do it? 誰(shuí)教你做的?

I’ll teach you (how) to play the piano. 我教你彈鋼琴。

3. teach oneself 自學(xué)。如：

He decided to teach himself English. 他決定自學(xué)英語(yǔ)。