動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞用法的區(qū)別 動(dòng)詞的-ing形式按功能可分為動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞。動(dòng)詞的-ing形式何時(shí)為動(dòng)名詞,何時(shí)為現(xiàn)在分詞。首先,我們要從概念上區(qū)分。動(dòng)詞的-ing形式在起名詞作用時(shí),稱為動(dòng)名詞;用作形容詞或副詞時(shí),稱為現(xiàn)在分詞。其次,我們要從用法方面區(qū)分動(dòng)詞的-ing形式是動(dòng)名詞還是現(xiàn)在分詞。 一、動(dòng)詞的-ing形式用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)為動(dòng)名詞,現(xiàn)在分詞不可以用作主語(yǔ)。 1.動(dòng)名詞用作主語(yǔ). Reading French is easier than speaking it. 閱讀法文比講法語(yǔ)容易。 Talking to him is talking to a wall. 和他說(shuō)話等于對(duì)牛彈琴。 Smoking can cause cancer. 吸煙會(huì)致癌。 Growing roses is her hobby. 種玫瑰是她的愛好。 2.有時(shí)it作形式主語(yǔ),把動(dòng)名詞主語(yǔ)放在句子后面 It’s nice seeing you again. 再次見到你太好了。 It was tiring driving from morning till night. 從早到晚開車很累人。 It’s a wonder meeting you here. 在這里碰到你真是奇跡。 It was a waste of time reading that book. 看那本書是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。 3. “There is + no”后可以用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ) There was no knowing what he could do. 他能做什么很難說(shuō)。 There was no arguing with her. 沒(méi)法和她爭(zhēng)論。 二、動(dòng)詞的-ing形式用作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)為動(dòng)名詞,現(xiàn)在分詞不可以用作賓語(yǔ)。 1.有許多動(dòng)詞可接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ) I suggested bringing the meeting to an end. 我建議結(jié)束會(huì)議。 So you prefer living abroad? 這樣說(shuō)你更愿意住在國(guó)外? He kept complaining. 他不停地抱怨。 I finished reading the book last night. 這書我昨晚看完了。 2.有許多帶介詞的動(dòng)詞固定搭配接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ) He has given up playing football. 他現(xiàn)在不踢足球了。 Prices keep on increasing. 價(jià)格不斷上漲。 三、當(dāng)動(dòng)詞的-ing形式用作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)為現(xiàn)在分詞,動(dòng)名詞不可以用作狀語(yǔ)。 現(xiàn)在分詞及其短語(yǔ)可以用作狀語(yǔ),表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等。其動(dòng)作可能發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)之前或之后,也可能與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。 Climbing to the top of the tower, we saw a magnificent view. 我們爬到塔頂后,看到了一片壯麗的景象。(表時(shí)間) Living in the country, we had few social engagements. 我們住在鄉(xiāng)下,交際的機(jī)會(huì)很少。(表原因) Having money, he will buy a bigger car.(表?xiàng)l件) Knowing the secret, she would not tell me about it..(表讓步) The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it. 那孩子跌倒了,頭碰在門上碰破了.(表結(jié)果) He stood leaning against the wall. 他靠墻站著.(表方式或伴隨情況) 四、動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞都可以用作表語(yǔ),當(dāng)動(dòng)詞的-ing的作用相當(dāng)于名詞時(shí)為動(dòng)名詞。當(dāng)動(dòng)詞的-ing的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞時(shí),動(dòng)詞的-ing為現(xiàn)在分詞。 1.動(dòng)名詞用作表語(yǔ) Her hobby is painting. 她的愛好是繪畫。 Her job was tending the sheep. 她的工作是放羊。 The main thing is getting there in time. 首要的事是及時(shí)到達(dá)那里。 2.現(xiàn)在分詞用作表語(yǔ) The news is encouraging. 這消息令人鼓舞。 This story is very interesting. 這個(gè)故事很有趣。 The day was so charming. 天氣真是好極了。 The difference was most striking. 差別很明顯。 五、動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞都可以用作定語(yǔ) 現(xiàn)在分詞表示其所修飾的名詞的動(dòng)作,即: 現(xiàn)在分詞與其所修飾的名詞在邏輯上具有主謂關(guān)系。通常能改為一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。動(dòng)名詞則表示其修飾的名詞的性質(zhì),或用途或功能. 兩者在邏輯上無(wú)主謂關(guān)系。因此,只能改為一個(gè)for加動(dòng)名詞的短語(yǔ)。 1.動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ),動(dòng)名詞表性質(zhì)或用途或功能。 swimming pool 游泳池 drinking water 飲用水 swimming suit 游泳衣 waiting room 候車室 sleeping bag 睡袋 parking lot 停車場(chǎng) sleeping pill 安眠藥 writing desk 寫字桌 sewing machine 縫紉機(jī) writing paper 信紙 operating table 手術(shù)室 checking account 活期賬戶 diving suit 潛水衣 reading room 閱覽室 diving board 跳板 playing ground 運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng) washing machine 洗衣機(jī) boxing competition 拳擊比賽 washing powder 洗衣粉 speaking contest 演講比賽 fishing pole 釣魚桿 fishing line 釣魚線 2.現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ) developing countries 發(fā)展中國(guó)家 a booming town 日漸繁榮的城鎮(zhèn) growing doubts 越來(lái)越大的懷疑 the existing condition 現(xiàn)有條件 the remaining days 剩下的歲月 lasting peace 持久的和平 a falling star 流星 the leading newspapers 主要報(bào)紙 the ruling class 統(tǒng)治階級(jí) living things 有生命的東西 the ageing population 老化的人口 the rising generation 成長(zhǎng)的一代 六、動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞都可以用作補(bǔ)語(yǔ),但現(xiàn)在分詞用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí),與前面的賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。 具有這種復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞多為表示感覺的動(dòng)詞,如:smell, observe, watch, notice, look at, listen to 等。另外,有些使役動(dòng)詞如have, set, get, catch, keep, leave等可以后面接含有現(xiàn)在分詞的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。還有,作為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)在分詞有時(shí)前面可有as,前面的動(dòng)詞多用regard, consider, describe, see, think of 等?,F(xiàn)在分詞用作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ),多用在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中,與主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成復(fù)合主語(yǔ)。而動(dòng)名詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)對(duì)相應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞卻沒(méi)這些規(guī)定。 1.動(dòng)名詞用作補(bǔ)語(yǔ) I call this robbing Peter to pay Paul. 我管這叫做拆東墻補(bǔ)西墻。 (robbing是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)) This is called turning things upside down. 這叫做把事物顛倒了。 (turning 是主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)) 2.現(xiàn)在分詞用作補(bǔ)語(yǔ) We found him waiting to receive us. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他等著歡迎我們。 We kept the fire burning all the time. 我們使火一直燃燒著。 They described the young man as having initiative and drive.他們說(shuō)這青年積極肯干。 He was seen going upstairs. 有人看見他上樓。 現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞練習(xí) (1)現(xiàn)在分詞 1. The old farmer,________ the badly-injured and wounded soldier, came out of the burning house, ________for help. A. supporting; calling B. supported by; called C. being supported by; called D. being supporting; called 2. --- Oh, it’s already a quarter past six. What shall we do at the meeting this evening? ---- We’ll go on with the matter________ this afternoon. A. be discussed B. being discussing C. discussed D. which discussed 3. The brave man died,________ his young wife nothing but a________ cottage. A. left; breaking B. leaving; broken C. left; broken D. to leave; breaking 4. ________hard before, Tom is afraid of failing in the exam. A. Having been worked B. Not to have worked C. Having never worked D. Never have worked 5.________the exam, the boy was punished by his father. A. No passing B. Having passed C. Not passing D. Not having passed 6. Time________, I can have done it better. A. permit B. be permitted C. permitting D. to permit 7.________, the boy couldn’t enter his house. A. Since the key has lost B. The key been lost C. Lost the key D. Having lost the key 8. ________into many languages, the story is well known all over the world now. A. Being translated B. Having translated C. To be translated D. Having been translated 9. ________for the terrible accident, as the public thought, the mayor felt nervous and was at a loss what to do. A. Having blamed B. To blame C. Being to be blame D. Being to blame 10. ________from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes. A. Suffered B. To suffer C. Having suffered D. Being suffered 11. ________from what he said, he must be the thief who has stolen the car. A. Judging B. Judged C. To judge D. Judge 12. ________with fright, a hungry fox hid himself in a small cave, ________his tail to the rain. A. Trembling; exposing B. Trembled; exposed C. Trembled; exposing D. Trembling; exposed 13. Many teachers were praised at the meeting, Mr. Zhou________. A. including B. being including C. to include D. included 14. ----Who were those people with the flags? ----A group________itself the League of Peace. A. calls B. calling C. called D. being called 15. ________you the truth, she knows nothing about it. A. Tell B. Telling C. To tell D. Told 16. We slept with the light________ all night long last night. A. burnt B. to burn C. being burnt D. burning 17. Linda can’t attend the party________ at Tom’s house at present because she is preparing a speech for the party________ at Marie’s house tomorrow. A. being held; to be held B. to be held; held C. held; being held D. to be held; to be held 18. The situation is more ________than ever. I’m ________about what to do next. A. puzzled; puzzled B. puzzling; puzzling C. puzzling; puzzled D. puzzled; puzzling 19. When________ that it was getting late, I put off the light and went to bed. A. find B. finding C. found D. to find 20. ________her mother had come, her face lit up. A. Hearing B. Having heard C. When hearing D. When she heard 21. Daddy didn’t mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, _______fun. A. had B. have C. to have D. having 22. Don't leave the water _____ while you brush your teeth. A. run B. running C. being run D. to run 23. The picture _________ on the wall is painted by my nephew. A.having hung B.hanging C.hangs D.being hung 24. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise _______. A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on 25. ______from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. A.Being separated B. Having separated C. Having been separated D. To be separated 26. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found______in the kitchen. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked 27. He sent me an E-mail, _______ to get further information. A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope key: 1-5. ACBCD 6-10 CDDDC 11-15 AADBC 16-20 DACBD 21-27 DBBACBB (2) 動(dòng)名詞 1. No one enjoys_______at. A. laughing B. to laugh C. being laughed D. to be laughed 2. You must do something to prevent your house_______ . A. to be broken in B. from being broken in C. to break in D. from breaking in 3. They insisted on_______another chance to try. A. given B. giving C. being given D. to be given 4. —Where is my passport? I remember_______it here. —You shouldn't have left it here. Remember_______it with you all the time. A. to put; to take B. putting ;taking C. putting ;to take D. to put ;taking 5. His room needs_______, so he must have it . A. painting; painted B. painted; painting C. painting; painting D. painted; painted 6. After finishing his homework he went on_______a letter to his parents. A.write B.writing C.wrote D.to write 7. The young trees we planted last week require_______with great care. A. looking after B. to look after C. to be looked after D. taken good care of 8. Only_______English doesn't mean_______the language. A.to learn; to learn B.learning; learning C.learning about; learn D.learning about; learning 9. She returned home only to find the door open and something_______. A.missed B.to be missing C.missing D.to be missed 10. She decided to devote herself_______the problem of old age. A.to study B.studying C.to studying D.study 11. Remember_______the newspaper when you have finished it. A.putting back B.put back C.to put back D.be put back 12. As she is looking forward to_______from me, please remember______this letter on your way to school. A.hear; post B.hearing; to post C.be heard; posting D.be hearing; to posting 13. Grandma said that she had a lot of trouble_______your handwriting. A.to read B.to see C.reading C.in seeing 14. Writing stories and articles_______what I enjoy most. A.is B.are C.was D.were 15. We appreciate_______us to the ball. A. them to invite B. to invite C. their inviting D. being invited 16. Would you mind_______quiet for a moment? I'm trying_______a form. A. keeping; filling out B. to keep; to fill out C. keeping; to fill out D. to keep; filling out 17. He was afraid_______for being late. A.of seeing B.of being seen C.to be seen D.to have seen 18. I'd like to suggest_______the meeting till next week. A. to put off B. putting off C. put off D. to be put off 19. I don't see how I could possibly manage_______the work without . A. finish; helping B. to finish; being helped C. finishing; helping D. finishing; being helped 20. Anything worth_______is worthy of_______well. A.doing; being done B. doing; doing C. to be done; to be done D. to be done; being done 21. We advised them to take a rest, but they insisted_______the work. A.finish B.to finish C.in finishing D.on finishing 22. I delayed_______your letter because I had been away for a week. A.answer B.answering C.writing D.to post 23. The thief drove as fast as he could to escape_______by the police. A.to be caught B.he caught C.being caught D.catching 24. I searched for my wallet and it wasn't there. At first, I thought I_______it at home. Then I remembered_______it out to pay for the taxi. A.must have left; to take B.may leave; taking C.might leave; to take D.could have left; taking 25. _______the news of his father's death, he burst into tears. A.After hearing B.On hearing C.While hearing D.Having heared 26. _______his mother, the baby could not help . A.To see; to laugh B.Seeing; to laugh C. Seeing; laughing D.To see; laughing 27. It's no use_______so much money on clothes. A.spend B.spent C.spending D.being spent 28. The sentence needs_______. A.improve B.a improvement C.improving D.improved 29. If he succeeded_______a job, his children wouldn't be suffering from hunger now. A.to find B.to look for C.in finding D.in looking for 30. I still remember_______to my home town when I was young. A.taking B.taken C.being taken D.to take 1-5 CBCCA 6-10.DADCC 11-15.CBCAC 16-20.CBBBA 21-25.DBCDB 26-30.CCCCC
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