主謂一致,是指主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要保持人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上的一致.

主 謂 一 致 的 三 個(gè) 原 則 
A 語(yǔ)法一致 
語(yǔ)法一致是指主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在單復(fù)數(shù)形式上的一致關(guān)系,主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;反之,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式.
My child has no intention of spending a vacation with me.
My children have no intention of spending a vacation with me.
B 意義一致 
意義一致是說(shuō)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單,復(fù)數(shù)要取決于主語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的概念,而不取決于表面上的語(yǔ)法標(biāo)記.
1.主語(yǔ)形式雖為單數(shù),但意義為復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù).
The majority of primary school teachers are women.
2.主語(yǔ)形式為復(fù)數(shù),而意義上卻是單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).
No news is good news.
Billiards is becoming more and more popular in some cities.
C 就近原則 
就近原則是指當(dāng)主語(yǔ)由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上名詞或代詞組成時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與它緊鄰的名詞或代詞的數(shù)一致.
There is a square table and some chairs in the center of the dining-room.
Either your students or William knows this.
提 示
一般說(shuō)來(lái),究竟何時(shí)采用何種原則,應(yīng)視英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣用法而定.但在實(shí)際使用中,如果對(duì)上述三種原則捉摸不定時(shí),遵循語(yǔ)法一致的原則是一種比較穩(wěn)妥的方法.
并列主語(yǔ)的主謂一致 
A 由and連接的并列主語(yǔ)
1.用and (或both...and) 連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù).
A hammer and a saw are useful tools.
★當(dāng)and連接的兩個(gè)名詞是指組合到一起的一件完整的或成套的東西,或表示同一個(gè)人或一種概念時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式.
The writer and teacher is speaking at the meeting.
必 背
英語(yǔ)中并列結(jié)構(gòu)表示整體概念的有:
iron and steel__ 鋼鐵 
a needle and thread 針線
aim and end__ 目的
going to bed early and getting up early 早睡早起
a watch and chain__ 一塊帶鏈的表
a cart and horse 一輛馬車(chē)
a coat and tie__ 配有領(lǐng)帶的上衣
bread and butter__ 黃油面包
law and order__ 治安
a knife and fork__ 刀叉
2.一個(gè)名詞為幾個(gè)并列形容詞所修飾時(shí),這時(shí)主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一致關(guān)系一般遵循語(yǔ)法一致的原則.
Clever and slow students are treated alike.
A black and white kitten was found in the garden yesterday.
比 較
A black and a white dogs are playing in the yard. 
A black and white dog is playing in the yard. 
3.在each...and each..., every...and every..., no...and no...等結(jié)構(gòu)之后,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式.
Each boy and each girl has an apple.
Every hour and every minute is precious.
No bird and no beast is seen on the lonely island.
4.帶有并列動(dòng)詞的what從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí),要根據(jù)意義一致的原則決定動(dòng)詞的數(shù).
What he says and does do not agree.
What he says and does does not concern me.
5.在某些成語(yǔ)中,一些并列主語(yǔ)用and相連時(shí),其后謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù).
All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
B 某些詞組采取就近原則 
以or, either...or, neither...nor, not...but, not only...but also等連接的名詞(代詞)作并列主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)就近一致的原則.
Neither he nor I am willing to go shopping today.
Not the students but their teacher is invited to the party.
-Are either you or he to go there __ 是你還是他將去那里 
-Neither is.______
C 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)不受某些詞組影響 
主語(yǔ)后跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, like, rather than, together with, besides, including, in addition to等引導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單,復(fù)數(shù)按主語(yǔ)的單,復(fù)數(shù)而定.
The manager, rather than the workers, is responsible for the loss.
Nobody but three policemen was on the spot.
單一主語(yǔ)的主謂一致 
A 形復(fù)意單的名詞作主語(yǔ) 
形復(fù)意單的名詞作主語(yǔ)(即形式為復(fù)數(shù),意義為單數(shù)),按意義一致的原則,用作單數(shù)意義時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù),反之,謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù).
1.許多學(xué)科名稱(chēng),如mathematics, physics, economics, politics,以及news等名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).
News is traveling fast nowadays.
2.用作國(guó)名,組織機(jī)構(gòu),書(shū)名,報(bào)刊名等復(fù)數(shù)形式的專(zhuān)有名詞作為整體對(duì)待,謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù).
The Times reports the news of the strike.
Great Expectations was written by Dickens in 1860.
點(diǎn) 津 坊
如果山脈,群島,瀑布等名稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù).
The Great Lakes lie between the USA and Canada.
五大湖在美國(guó)和加拿大兩國(guó)之間.
The Philippines are in the western Pacific Ocean southeast of China. 菲律賓群島在中國(guó)東南太平洋西部.
The Niagara Falls are the falls on the Niagara River.
尼亞加拉瀑布位于尼亞加拉河上.
3.一些形復(fù)意單的名詞,包括有成雙成套部分的衣物或工具名稱(chēng),作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù).
My blue trousers have been worn out.
His glasses are new.
提 示
這些名詞如用a pair of修飾時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).
The shoes are under the bed. 鞋在床下.
The pair of shoes is under the bed. 這雙鞋在床下.
4.單,復(fù)數(shù)同形名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),按意義一致的原則,用作單數(shù)意義時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù);用作復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí),謂語(yǔ)有復(fù)數(shù).這類(lèi)名詞有:sheep, deer, fish, means, works, species, Chinese, Japanese等.
The (This) glass works was set up in 1986.
This species of rose is very rare.
比 較
當(dāng)這類(lèi)名詞前有a, such a, this, that, every修飾時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù);有all, such, these, those修飾時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù).
Every means has been tried out without much result.
All means have been tried out without much result.
B 集合名詞作主語(yǔ) 
集合名詞表示有若干個(gè)體組成的集合體,如army, audience, class, club, company, crowd, government, group, party, population, team, union等.
1.集合名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),若表示整體概念,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),若表示構(gòu)成該集合體的成員,則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù).
His family are waiting for him.
But the man's family was small - only himself and his wife.
2.有些集合名詞,如cattle, folk, people, police, youth等,作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù),即所謂的"形單意復(fù)".
The police have caught the thief.
The cattle are grazing in the field.
3.有些無(wú)生命(表示物)的集合名詞作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù).
All the furniture in my room is new.
Has your luggage arrived yet 
A lot of hiking equipment is needed here.
C 代詞作主語(yǔ) 
1.名詞性物主代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),既可以用作單數(shù),也可以用作復(fù)數(shù),這取決于它所代替的是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù).
Ours is a great country.
Your shoes are black, and mine are brown.
2.such, the same等指示代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),應(yīng)根據(jù)其所指的內(nèi)容來(lái)決定單,復(fù)數(shù).
Such are her wishes.
Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man with great achievements.
3.關(guān)系代詞who, that, which等在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與主句中先行詞的數(shù)一致.
Those who want to go for a picnic please put up your hands.
點(diǎn) 津 坊
在"one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + who/that/which"引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)中,關(guān)系代詞who/that/which的先行詞是靠近它的復(fù)數(shù)名詞而不是one,因此,從句中的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該是復(fù)數(shù)形式.但當(dāng)one之前有the, the only等修飾語(yǔ)時(shí),關(guān)系代詞的先行詞是one,而不是靠近它的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,因此從句的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)是單數(shù)形式.
She is the only one of the girls who sings best.
4.疑問(wèn)代詞who, what, which作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)說(shuō)話人所要表達(dá)的意思決定單,復(fù)數(shù).
Who lives upstairs It is Xiao Wang.
Who live next door It is Li and Zhang.
5.不定代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),有以下兩種情況:
①some, all, any, none, more, most等詞可以指復(fù)數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞,它們作主語(yǔ)時(shí),視其文中的意義,判斷動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)的形式.
None are so good as those who are always ready to help others.
None is so good as he.
提 示
在口語(yǔ)中,"none of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞"作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)均可,要以說(shuō)話人所想的而定.
None of the telephones works/work.
②some, all, any, none, more, most等詞接of時(shí),若of的賓語(yǔ)為不可數(shù)名詞,動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;若of的賓語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞時(shí),動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式.
Most of the colour blind people are men.
Most of his spare time was spent in reading.
D 數(shù)詞,量詞作主語(yǔ) 
1.數(shù)詞作主語(yǔ),不論指人還是指物,謂語(yǔ)通常用復(fù)數(shù).
About twenty know the secret.大約二十人知道這個(gè)秘密.
Six are missing. 丟了六個(gè).
2."more than one + 單數(shù)名詞"結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ),盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù),但它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式.但"more +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+than one"結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式.
More than one person has known the news.
More students than one are for your proposal.
3.one out of ten 或one in ten結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)按照語(yǔ)法一致的原則,用單數(shù).
One out of ten was badly injured in the accident.
4."a + 單數(shù)名詞 + or two"結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式.但"one or two + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞"結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式.
A word or two is missing here.
One or two friends are coming for dinner this evening.
5."many a + 單數(shù)名詞"結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用單數(shù)形式.
Many a passenger was killed in the accident.
Many a boy has been to the castle.
6."one and a half + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞"結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用單數(shù)形式.
One and a half bananas is left on the table.
One and a half years has passed.
7."分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù) + of + 名詞"結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與短語(yǔ)中of后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致.
Three-fourths of its surface of the earth is sea.
Two-thirds of the people present are against the plan.
8.用plus/and表示"加",用minus表示"減",和用times表示"乘"時(shí),動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù),但也可用復(fù)數(shù).
Two and two is/are four.
Ten times five is/are fifty.
點(diǎn) 津 坊
用from表示"被減",multiplied by表示"被乘"或divided by表示"被除",其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).
8 from 10 leaves 2.__ 10減8等于2.
25 divided by 5 equals 5.__ 
9.時(shí)間,價(jià)格,距離等作為整體看待時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式.
Fifty kilometers is a long distance.
Four thousand dollars is more than she can afford.
點(diǎn) 津 坊
若強(qiáng)調(diào)這類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)數(shù)意義,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也可用復(fù)數(shù)形式.
Six years have passed since my father left home.
The fifty miles were covered by the winner in three hours.
10."a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a heap of, a mass of, half of +名詞"構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與短語(yǔ)中of后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致,這是因?yàn)閛f后面的名詞是中心詞,而of前面的量詞是修飾語(yǔ).
Lots of damage was caused by fire.
Lots of goods were sent there by air.
Half of the oranges are bad.
Half of the food is unfit to eat.
11.在"a number / total of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)"結(jié)構(gòu)中,中心詞是名詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式.但在"the number / total of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)"結(jié)構(gòu)中,中心詞卻是number或total,故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式
A number of students are playing basketball on the playground.
The number of pages in this book is 900.
12.在"a great deal of / a large amount of + 不可數(shù)名詞"結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù).但"large amounts of + 不可數(shù)名詞"結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù).
A large amount of money is spent on the project.
Large amounts of money were spent on the free way.
13."the rest of + 可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞"結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與短語(yǔ)中of后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致. 
The rest of the students are watering trees.
The rest of the wine has gone bad.
其他情況的主謂一致 
A 名詞性從句和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ) 
1.不定式短語(yǔ),動(dòng)詞-ing形式和名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式.
Doing experiments is a good way to find out answers to questions.
That I shall work with you is a great pleasure.
點(diǎn) 津 坊
what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù),但所指的具體內(nèi)容如果是復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用復(fù)數(shù)形式. 
What we want is more time.
What they need in that area are doctors and nurses.
What she left him are some old photos.
B 名詞化的形容詞作主語(yǔ) 
名詞化的形容詞指的是"the + 形容詞"結(jié)構(gòu),如:the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the wounded, the injured, the unemployed, the dying, the living等.當(dāng)這種結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ),表示一類(lèi)人時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式;但也有少數(shù)的形容詞與定冠詞連用指?jìng)€(gè)別的或表示抽象的概念時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).
The young are more active than the old in the work.
The beautiful is loved by all.
必 背
下列詞屬于表示抽象的概念,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用單數(shù).
the evil__ 惡 the ugly__ 丑 the latest_ 最新情況
the unknown_ 未知的事 the rough 難處理的事
the worst_ 最壞的事 the foreign_ 外國(guó)的事情
the unreal_ 不真實(shí)的事 the lovely 漂亮的東西
the mystical 神秘的東西
C_ 倒裝句 
倒裝句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)主語(yǔ)而定.
On the wall were several famous paintings.