主謂一致（concord），是指主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要保持人稱和數(shù)上的一致。英語(yǔ)中動(dòng)詞be的變化形式最多，如I am，You are，He is，We are等。主語(yǔ)I一定要用am的動(dòng)詞形式，這就叫“主謂一致”。
一、 主謂一致的三個(gè)原則
主謂一致涉及三個(gè)基本原則，即語(yǔ)法一致原則（principle of grammatical concord）、意義一致原則（principle of notional concord）和就近一致原則（principle of proximity）。
A. 語(yǔ)法一致
語(yǔ)法一致是指主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在單復(fù)數(shù)形式上的一致關(guān)系，主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；反之，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
My child has no intention of spending a vacation with me. 我的孩子不想與我一起度假。
My children have no intention of spending a vacation with me. 我的孩子們不想與我一起度假。
B. 意義一致
意義一致是說(shuō)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)要取決于主語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的概念，而不取決于表面上的語(yǔ)法標(biāo)記。
1. 主語(yǔ)形式雖為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
The only people who are interested in the book seem to be lawyers. 唯一對(duì)這本書感興趣的人好像是律師。
The majority of primary school teachers are women. 大多數(shù)小學(xué)老師都是女的。
2. 主語(yǔ)形式為復(fù)數(shù)，而意義上卻是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
Billiards is becoming more and more popular in some cities. 桌球在一些城市里越來(lái)越受歡迎。
C. 就近一致
就近一致是指當(dāng)主語(yǔ)由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上名詞或代詞組成時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與它緊鄰的名詞或代詞的數(shù)一致。
There is a square table and some chairs in the center of the dining-room. 餐廳中央有一張方桌和幾把椅子。
Either your students or William knows this. 不是你的學(xué)生就是威廉知道這件事。
注意：
一般說(shuō)來(lái)，究竟何時(shí)采用何種原則，應(yīng)視英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣用法而定。但在實(shí)際使用中，如果對(duì)上述三種原則捉摸不定，遵循語(yǔ)法一致的原則是一種比較穩(wěn)妥的方法。
二、 并列主語(yǔ)的主謂一致
A. 由and 連接的并列主語(yǔ)
1. 用and（或both... and）連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。
A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 榔頭和鋸子都是有用的工具。
Both industry and agriculture have been greatly developed these years. 這幾年工農(nóng)業(yè)大大地發(fā)展了。
①當(dāng)and連接的兩個(gè)名詞是指組合到一起的一件完整的或成套的東西，或表示同一個(gè)人或一種概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。
The writer and teacher is speaking at the meeting. 這位教師兼作家正在會(huì)上發(fā)言。
A needle and thread was given to her, but she could not sew the button on. 針線給了她，但她不會(huì)把鈕扣縫起來(lái)。（a needle and thread 作為同一件東西對(duì)待）
Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit. 早睡早起是個(gè)好習(xí)慣。（going to bed early and getting up early 被看成同一概念）
Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, happy and wise.
All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 光工作不玩耍，聰明的孩子也會(huì)變傻。
Bread and butter is his usual breakfast. 他經(jīng)常以黃油面包當(dāng)早餐。
A cart and horse was seen in the distance. 遠(yuǎn)方看見一輛馬車。
必背：
英語(yǔ)中并列結(jié)構(gòu)表示整體概念的有：
iron and steel 鋼鐵
law and order 治安
bread and butter 黃油面包
a watch and chain 一塊帶鏈的表
a knife and fork 刀叉
a coat and tie 配有領(lǐng)帶的上衣
aim and end 目的
truth and honesty 真誠(chéng)
2. 一個(gè)名詞被幾個(gè)并列形容詞所修飾時(shí)，這時(shí)主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一致關(guān)系一般遵循語(yǔ)法一致的原則，因?yàn)橹行脑~是名詞。
Clever and slow students are treated alike. 聰明的和遲鈍的學(xué)生都受到相同的對(duì)待。
A black and white kitten was found in the garden yesterday. 昨天在花園里發(fā)現(xiàn)一只黑白色的小花貓。
比較：
A black and a white dogs are playing in the yard. 一只黑狗和一只白狗正在院子里玩。（兩只狗）
A black and white dog is playing in the yard. 一只黑白花狗正在院子里玩。(一只狗)
3．在each... and （each） ..., every...and （every)..., no...and no...等結(jié)構(gòu)之后，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
Each boy and each girl has an apple. 每個(gè)男孩和女孩都有蘋果。
Every hour and every minute is precious. 每一小時(shí)，每一分鐘，都很寶貴。
No bird and no beast is seen on the lonely island. 荒島上既看不到鳥也看不到野獸。
4. 帶有并列動(dòng)詞的what從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，要根據(jù)意義一致的原則決定動(dòng)詞的數(shù)。
What he says and does do not agree. 他的言行不一致。（具體指他說(shuō)的話和他做的事）
What he says and does does not concern me. 他的言行與我無(wú)關(guān)。（泛指他的為人）
5．在某些成語(yǔ)中，一些并列主語(yǔ)用and相連時(shí)，其后謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。
All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 光工作不玩耍，聰明的孩子也會(huì)變傻。
Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起使人健康、富有、聰慧。
B.以or, either...or, neither...nor, not...but, not only...but also等連接的名詞（代詞）作并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)就近一致的原則。另外，there be 句型中也是就近一致。
Neither he nor I am willing to go shopping today. 他和我今天都不愿去購(gòu)物。
--Are either you or he to go there --是你還是他將去那里？
--Neither is. --一個(gè)也不去。
Not only the Writer brothers but also their father was there. 不只是萊特兄弟在那里，連他們的父親也在。
Not the students but their teatrer was there.
被邀請(qǐng)去參加晚會(huì)的不是學(xué)生（們），而是他們的老師。
C．主語(yǔ)后跟有as well as, with, together with, along with, including, like, rather than, besides, in addition to，except, but,as much as,no more than, no less than,among 等引導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)按主語(yǔ)的單、復(fù)數(shù)而定，也就是說(shuō)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)不受這些詞組的影響。(姑且叫做“就前一致”）
The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library. 這位老師和學(xué)生們一起在圖書館閱讀。
The students as well as the teacher were reading in the library. 學(xué)生們和這位老師一起在圖書館閱讀。
The manager, rather than the workers, is responsible for the loss. 損失的責(zé)任應(yīng)由經(jīng)理而不是工人們來(lái)承擔(dān)。
Nobody but three policemen was on the spot. 當(dāng)時(shí)只有三個(gè)警察在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。
三、 單一主語(yǔ)的主謂一致
單數(shù)的主語(yǔ)跟單數(shù)的動(dòng)詞，復(fù)數(shù)的主語(yǔ)跟復(fù)數(shù)的動(dòng)詞，這是符合語(yǔ)法一致的原則。但在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中，往往會(huì)出現(xiàn)較為復(fù)雜的情況：
A． 形復(fù)意單的名詞作主語(yǔ)
形復(fù)意單的名詞作主語(yǔ)（即形式為復(fù)數(shù)，意義為單數(shù)），按意義一致的原則，用作單數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，反之，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。
1. 許多學(xué)科名稱，如mathematics, physics, economics, politics等，以及news都是本身以s結(jié)尾的不可數(shù)名詞，他們作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
Physics is required of every student in our school. 物理是我校每個(gè)學(xué)生的必修科目。
News is traveling fast nowadays. 當(dāng)今新聞傳播得很快。
No news is good news. 沒有消息就是好消息。
注意：politics不表示政治學(xué)科時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
Politics never interested me. 政治從未引起我的興趣。
2. 用作國(guó)名、組織機(jī)構(gòu)、書名、報(bào)刊名等復(fù)數(shù)形式的專有名詞作為整體對(duì)待，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。
The United Nations has passed a resolution to lift sanctions against Iraq. 聯(lián)合國(guó)通過(guò)了解除對(duì)伊制裁的決定。
My history eacher asked us when the United States was founded.
The Times reports the news of the strike. 時(shí)代雜志報(bào)導(dǎo)了罷工的消息。
Great Expectations was written by Dickens in 1860. 《遠(yuǎn)大前程》是狄更斯于1860年寫的。
注意：
如果山脈、群島、瀑布等名稱作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
The Great Lakes lie between the USA and Canada. 五大湖在美國(guó)和加拿大兩國(guó)之間。
The Philippines are in the western Pacific Ocean southeast of China. 菲律賓群島在中國(guó)東南太平洋西部。
The Niagara Falls are the falls on the Niagara River. 尼亞加拉瀑布位于尼亞加拉河上。
3. 對(duì)稱型或成雙成對(duì)配套型形復(fù)意單的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)，這類名詞有 glasses,trousers,pants,jeans, shorts,scissors, socks, stockings, gloves，clothes，compasses等。
My blue trousers have been worn out. 我的藍(lán)褲子已經(jīng)穿破了。
His glasses are new. 他的眼鏡是新的。
注意：
這些名詞如用a pair of 修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
The shoes are under the bed. 鞋在床下。
The pair of shoes is under the bed. 這雙鞋在床下。
4. 單、復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，按意義一致的原則，用作單數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；用作復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。這類名詞有：sheep, deer, fish, means, works, species, Chinese, Japanese等。
This glass works was set up in 1986. 這家玻璃廠建于1986年。
These glass works were set up in 1986. 這些玻璃廠建于1986年。
This species of rose is very rare. 這種玫瑰很稀有。
The species of fish are numerous. 魚的種類很多。
Sheep are raised for wool. 養(yǎng)羊是為了剪毛。
There is a sheep under the tree. 樹下有一只綿羊。
比較：
當(dāng)這類名詞前有a, such a, this, that, every修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；有all, such, these, those修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。
Every means has been tried out without much result. 每一種方法都試過(guò)了卻沒什么結(jié)果。
All means have been tried out without much result. 所有方法都試過(guò)了卻沒什么結(jié)果。
B． 集合名詞作主語(yǔ)
集合名詞表示有若干個(gè)體組成的集合體，如army, audience, class, club, company, crowd, government, group, party, population, team, union等。
1. 集合名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，若表示整體概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，若表示構(gòu)成該集合體的成員，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
His family are waiting for him. 他的家人正在等他。
But the man's family was small-only himself and his wife. 但那人的家庭很小，只有他本人和妻子。
One third of the population here are workers. 這里人口中有三分之一是工人。
The population of the earth is increasing every year. 地球上的人口每年都在增長(zhǎng)。
2. 有些集合名詞，如 people, police,cattle,folk,youth等只作復(fù)數(shù)看待，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，即所謂的“形單意復(fù)”。
The police have caught the thief. 警察已經(jīng)抓住了小偷。
The cattle are grazing in the field. 牛在田野里吃草。
Youth today are quite different from 20 years ago. 現(xiàn)在的年輕人和20年前大不一樣。
Some folk are never satisfied. 有些人從不知足。
比較：
幾組集合名詞作主語(yǔ)的句子。
The team is well organized. 這個(gè)隊(duì)組織得很好。
The team are all tough players. 這個(gè)隊(duì)的隊(duì)員都很強(qiáng)壯。
All the class were jumping with joy. 全班同學(xué)都高興地跳了起來(lái)。
The class is made up of 54 students. 這班由54名學(xué)生組成。
The young couple is happy. 這對(duì)年輕夫婦很幸福。
The young couple are quarrelling with each other. 這對(duì)年輕夫婦正在吵架。
The village is at the foot of the mountain. 這個(gè)村子在山腳下。
All the village are out to greet him. 全村人都出來(lái)歡迎他。
3．有些無(wú)生命（表示物）的集合名詞，如clothing，furniture，machinery，equipment，jewellery，baggage，luggage，traffic等只作單數(shù)看待，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。
All the furniture in my room is new. 我房間里的家具都是新的。
Warm clothing is necessary in cold climates. 在寒冷的氣候中，保暖的衣服是必需的。
The machinery is driven by electricity. 這些機(jī)器是由電力驅(qū)動(dòng)的。
Has your luggage arrived yet 你的行李已經(jīng)運(yùn)到了嗎？
A lot of hiking equipment is needed here. 這里需要大量徒步旅行的裝備。
C． 代詞作主語(yǔ)
1．名詞性物主代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，既可以用作單數(shù)，也可以用作復(fù)數(shù)，這取決于它所代替的是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。
Ours is a great country. 我們的（國(guó)家）是一個(gè)偉大的國(guó)家。(ours = our country)
Your shoes are black, and mine are brown. 你的鞋是黑色的，我的(鞋)是棕色的。( mine=my shoes)
2．such, the same等指示代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)根據(jù)其所指的內(nèi)容來(lái)決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。
Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man with great achievements. 愛因斯坦就是這樣一個(gè)儉樸而又取得巨大成就的人。（倒裝句，主語(yǔ)是Albert Einstein）
Such are her wishes. 她的愿望就這些。（倒裝句，主語(yǔ)是her wishes）
3．關(guān)系代詞who, that, which等在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與主句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。
Those who want to go for a picnic please put up your hands. 那些想去野餐的人請(qǐng)舉手。
Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun. 一些被人類使用的能量來(lái)自于太陽(yáng)。
注意：
在 one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+who/that/which 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)中，關(guān)系代詞who/that/which的先行詞是靠近它的復(fù)數(shù)名詞而不是one，因此，從句中的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該是復(fù)數(shù)形式。但當(dāng)one之前有the, the only等修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞的先行詞是the (only) one，而不是靠近它的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，因此從句的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)是單數(shù)形式。
This is one of the best films that have been shown this year. 這是今年所放的最佳電影中的一部。
She is the only one of the girls who sings best. 她是這么多女孩中唯一歌唱得最好的。
4．疑問(wèn)代詞who, what, which作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)說(shuō)話人所要表達(dá)的意思決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。
Who lives upstairs? ---It is Xiao Wang. 誰(shuí)住在樓上？小王。
Who live next door? ---It is Li and Zhang. 誰(shuí)住在隔壁？李和張。
5．不定代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，有以下兩種情況：
①some, all, any, none, more, most等詞可以指復(fù)數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，它們作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，視其文中的意義，判斷動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)的形式。
Now all has been changed. 一切都已改變。
“All are present today, Mr Li.”answered the monitor. 班長(zhǎng)回答說(shuō)：李老師，今天大家全到了。
None is so good as he. 沒有人像他那么好。
None are so good as those who are always ready to help others. 沒有人像那些總是樂(lè)于助人的人那么好。
提示：
在口語(yǔ)中，none of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)均可，要以說(shuō)話人所想的而定。
None of the telephones works/work. 這些電話都?jí)牧恕?/p>
None of us have/has been to Dalian. 我們中誰(shuí)也沒去過(guò)大連。
②“some/all/any/none/more/most + of + 名詞”時(shí)，若of后為不可數(shù)名詞，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，若of后為復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
Most of his spare time was spent in reading. 他的大部分業(yè)余時(shí)間都花在讀書上了。
Most of the colour blind people are men. 色盲的人大多數(shù)是男的。
None of them have come.
None of his money is left.
③ “one/everyone/each/either/neither + of + 名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
Each of the students has a book.
(注意：The students each have a book.[因each是同位語(yǔ)而不影響謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)])
Neither of the girls is pretty.
④another,anyone,anybody,anything,someone,somebody,something,everyone,
everybody,everything,no one,nobody,nothing等指代單數(shù)名詞的不定代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
Someone is asking to see you.
Is there anything wrong?
Neither of the answers is wrong.
D． 數(shù)詞、量詞作主語(yǔ)
1. 數(shù)詞作主語(yǔ)，不論指人還是指物，謂語(yǔ)通常用復(fù)數(shù)。
About twenty know the secret. 二十人知道這個(gè)秘密。
Six are missing. 丟了六個(gè)。
2. “more than one + 單數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)，盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)，但它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。但“more+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+than one”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
More than one student has known the news. 很多學(xué)生同意你的計(jì)劃。
More students than one have known the news. 很多學(xué)生同意你的計(jì)劃。（就前一致）
3. “many a + 單數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用單數(shù)形式。
Many a passenger was killed in the accident.許多乘客在這一次事故中喪生。
Many a boy has been to the castle. 有好幾個(gè)男孩到過(guò)那城堡。
比較：Many boys have been to the castle.
4. one out of ten 或one in ten結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)按照語(yǔ)法一致的原則，用單數(shù)。
One out of ten was badly injured in the accident. 在這場(chǎng)事故中有十分之一的人受了傷。
5. “a +單數(shù)名詞 + or two” 結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。但“one or two +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
A word or two is missing here. 這里缺一兩個(gè)詞。比較：One or two words are missing here.
One or two friends are coming for dinner this evening. 一兩個(gè)朋友今晚要來(lái)吃晚飯。（就近一致）
6. “one and a half + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用單數(shù)形式。
One and a half bananas is left on the table. 桌上還剩下一根半香蕉。
One and a half years has passed. 一年半時(shí)間過(guò)去了。
7. “分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+ of + 名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與短語(yǔ)中of后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致。
Three-fourths of its surface of the earth is sea. 地球表面四分之三是海洋。
Two-thirds of the people present are against the plan. 在場(chǎng)的三分之二的人反對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃。
Around 10 percent of the forest is destroyed each year. 每年大約有百分之十的森林被毀。
8. 用plus/and表示“加”，用minus表示“減”，和用times表示“乘”時(shí)，動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)，但也可用復(fù)數(shù)。
Two and two is/are four. 二加二是四。
Ten times five is/are fifty. 十乘五等于五十。
注意：
用from表示“被減”，multiplied by表示“被乘”或divided by表示“被除”，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能用單數(shù)。
8 from 10 leaves 2. 10減8等于2。
25 divided by 5 equals 5. 25除以5等于5。
9. 時(shí)間距離金錢價(jià)格等作為整體看待時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式(往往是be動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)）。
Five minutes is enough.
Fifteen miles is not a long way.
Fifty kilometers is a long distance. 五十公里是一段長(zhǎng)距離。
Four thousand dollars is more than she can afford. 她付不起4，000美元。
36，000 dollars is a large sum of money.
The six months was a terrible dream for her. 那6個(gè)月對(duì)她來(lái)說(shuō)是一場(chǎng)惡夢(mèng)。
Only six days was allowed to make preparations for the final examination. 只給了六天的時(shí)間來(lái)準(zhǔn)備期末考試。
注意：
若強(qiáng)調(diào)這類結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
Six years have passed since my father left home. 我父親離家已經(jīng)六年了。
The fifty miles were covered by the winner in three hours. 優(yōu)勝者花了三小時(shí)跑完了50英里的路程。
There are eight silver dollars in the drawer. 抽屜里有八塊銀元。
10.“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a heap of, a mass of, half of +名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與短語(yǔ)中of后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致，這是因?yàn)閛f后面的名詞是中心詞，而of前面的量詞是修飾語(yǔ)。
Lots of damage was caused by fire. 許多損失由火災(zāi)引起的。
Lots of goods were sent there by air. 大量的貨物空運(yùn)到那里。
Half of the oranges are bad. 一半的桔子爛了。
Half of the food is unfit to eat. 這食物中有一半不能吃。
11. 在“a number/total of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”結(jié)構(gòu)中，中心詞是名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但在“the number/total of+ 名詞復(fù)數(shù)”結(jié)構(gòu)中，中心詞卻是number或total，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
A number of students are playing basketball on the playground. 操場(chǎng)上有相當(dāng)多的學(xué)生在打籃球。
The number of pages in this book is 900. 這本書的頁(yè)數(shù)是900。
A total of 3，000 letters were received last month. 上個(gè)月共收到3，000封信。
The total of letters received last month was 3，000. 上個(gè)月收到信件共3，000封。
12. 在“a great deal of a large amount of + 不可數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。但“large amounts of + 不可數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。
A great deal of rice was taken from the country to the city by railway. 很多大米通過(guò)鐵路從鄉(xiāng)下運(yùn)往城市。
A large amount of money was spent on the free way.
Large amounts of money were spent on the free way. 建高速公路花了大量的錢。
13. “the rest of + 可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與短語(yǔ)中of后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致。
The rest of the students are watering trees. 其余的學(xué)生正在澆樹。
The rest of the wine has gone bad. 剩下的酒已經(jīng)變質(zhì)了。
14. 在“a large quantity of + 不可數(shù)名詞/可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。但“large quantities of + 不可數(shù)名詞/可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
A large quantity of story-books has been bought for the children.
Quantities of money are needed to equip the school.
15. “kind/type/sort/pair/quantity of + 名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式與 kind/type/sort/pair本身的單復(fù)數(shù)一致。
This kind of shoes sells well. (注意：但Shoes of this kind sell well.)
Many kinds of food are served on the table.
This pairs of shoes looks better than that one.
16. “a series of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
A series of high technology products has been laid out in the exhibition in the museum.
四、 其他情況的主謂一致
A． 名詞性從句和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)
不定式短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞的-ing形式和名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
Doing experiments is a good way to find out answers to questions. 做實(shí)驗(yàn)是找到問(wèn)題答案的好方法。
To learn foreign languages is not so difficult as you think. 學(xué)一門外語(yǔ)并不像你想象的那么難。
That I shall work with you is a great pleasure. 我能和你在一起工作是極大的快樂(lè)。
注意：
what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)，但所指的具體內(nèi)容是復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。(這時(shí)往往是be動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)）
What we want is more time. 我們需要的是更多的時(shí)間。
What they need in that area are doctors and nurses. 他們那個(gè)地區(qū)需要的是醫(yī)務(wù)工作者。
What she left him are some old photos. 她給他留下的是一些舊照片。
B． 名詞化的形容詞作主語(yǔ)
名詞化的形容詞指的是“the＋形容詞（或過(guò)去分詞或現(xiàn)在分詞）”結(jié)構(gòu)，如：the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the wounded, the injured, the unemployed, the dying, the living 等。當(dāng)這種結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)，表示一類人時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式；但也有少數(shù)的形容詞或過(guò)去分詞與定冠詞連用指?jìng)€(gè)別的或表示抽象的概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用單數(shù)。
The young are more active than the old in the work. 做這項(xiàng)工作青年人比老年人積極。
The injured in the accident is an engineer. 在這次事故中受傷的那人是位工程師。
The beautiful is loved by all. 愛美之心人皆有之。
必背：
下列詞屬于表示抽象的概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用單數(shù)。
the latest 最新情況
the unknown未知的事
the rough 難處理的事
the worst最壞的事
the foreign 外國(guó)的事情
the unreal不真實(shí)的事
the lovely 漂亮的東西
the evil惡
the ugly 丑
the mystical 神秘的東西
the true 真
the false 假
C． 倒裝句
倒裝句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)后面的主語(yǔ)而定。
On the wall were several famous paintings. 墻上懸掛著幾幅著名油畫。
East of the city lie two chemical works. 城東有兩家化工廠。
Between the two buildings stands a monument. 兩幢樓之間聳立著一塊紀(jì)念碑。
