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小學(xué)英語總復(fù)習(xí) 學(xué)生易錯(cuò)詞匯 1. a, an的選擇: 元音字母開頭的單詞用an,輔音字母開頭的單詞用a. 2. am , is , are的選擇: 單數(shù)用is , 復(fù)數(shù)用are. I 用 am , you 用 are. 3. have , has 的選擇: 表示某人有某物.單數(shù)用has , 復(fù)數(shù)用have. I ,you 用 have . 4. there is, there are 的選擇:表示某地有某物,某人.單數(shù)用there is , 復(fù)數(shù)用there are. 5. some, any 的選擇:肯定句用some, 疑問句和否定句用any. 6. 疑問詞的選擇:what (什么) who (誰) where (哪里) whose (誰的) why(為什么)when(什么時(shí)候)which(哪一個(gè))how old (多大) how many (多少)how much(多少錢) 二:形容詞比較級(jí)詳解 當(dāng)我們需要對(duì)事物作出比較時(shí),需要用到比較級(jí).比較級(jí)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)通常是: 什么 + 動(dòng)詞be (am , is , are ) + 形容詞比較級(jí) + than(比)+ 什么 ,如: I'm taller and heavier than you. (我比你更高和更重.) An elephant is bigger than a tiger. (一只大象比一只老虎更大.) 形容詞的比較級(jí)是在形容詞的基礎(chǔ)上變化而來的,它的變化規(guī)則是: ① 一般的直接在詞尾加er ,如 tall - taller , strong - stronger , ② 以e結(jié)尾的,直接加r ,如 fine – finer , ③ 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的,先改y為i再加er,如funny - funnier ④ 雙寫最后的字母再加er,如big – bigger, thin – thinner ,hot – hotter ☆注意☆ 比較的兩者應(yīng)該是互相對(duì)應(yīng)的可比較的東西. 典型錯(cuò)誤:My hair is longer than you.(我的頭發(fā)比你更長.) 比較的兩者是我的頭發(fā),你(整個(gè)人),那么比較的對(duì)象就沒有可比性. 應(yīng)該改為:My hair is longer than yours. 或My hair is longer than your hair. 比較級(jí)專項(xiàng)練習(xí): 一,從方框中選出合適的單詞完成句子 heavy tall long big (1) How is the Yellow River (2) How is Mr Green He's 175cm. (3) How are your feet I wear size 18. (4)How is the fish It's 2kg. 二,根據(jù)句意寫出所缺的單詞 (1) I'm 12 years old. You're 14. I'm than you. (2) A rabbit's tail is than a monkey's tail. (3) An elephant is than a pig. (4) A lake is than a sea. (5) A basketball is than a football. 三,根據(jù)中文完成句子. (1) 我比我的弟弟大三歲. I'm than my brother. (2) 這棵樹要比那棵樹高. This tree than that on (3) 你比他矮四厘米. You are than he. (4) 誰比你重 than you 三:動(dòng)詞過去式詳解 動(dòng)詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則有: A,規(guī)則動(dòng)詞 ① 一般直接在動(dòng)詞的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited ② 以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞直接加d:如 lived , danced , used ③ 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞要改y為i再加ed(此類動(dòng)詞較少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play,stay不是輔音字母加y,所以不屬于此類) ④ 雙寫最后一個(gè)字母(此類動(dòng)詞較少)如 stopped B,不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞(此類詞并無規(guī)則,須熟記)小學(xué)階段要記住以下動(dòng)詞的原形和過去式:sing – sang , eat – ate , see – saw , have – had , do – did , go - went , take - took , buy - bought , get - got , read - read ,fly - flew , am/is - was , are - were , say - said , leave - left , swim - swam , tell - told , draw - drew , come - came , lose - lost , find - found , drink - drank , hurt - hurt , feel - felt 四:動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞詳解 動(dòng)詞的ing形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則: ① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating ② 以e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing ③ 雙寫最后一個(gè)字母的(此類動(dòng)詞極少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting 五:人稱和數(shù) 人稱代詞 物主代詞 主格 賓格 第一 人稱 單數(shù) I(我) me my(我的) 復(fù)數(shù) we(我們) us our(我們的) 第二 人稱 單數(shù) you(你) you your(你的) 復(fù)數(shù) you(你們) you your(你們的) 第三 人稱 單數(shù) he(他) him his(他的) she(她) her her(她的) it(它) it its(它的) 復(fù)數(shù) they(他們/她們/它們) them their(他們的/她們的/它們的) 六:句型專項(xiàng)歸類 肯定句:是指用肯定的語氣來陳述的句子,如:I'm a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital. There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening. 2,否定句:含有否定詞或表示否定意義詞的句子,如:I'm not a student. She is not (isn't) a doctor. He does not (doesn't) work in a hospital. There are not (aren't) four fans in our classroom. He will not (won't) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn't) watch TV yesterday evening. ☆注意☆ 小結(jié):否定句主要是在肯定句的基礎(chǔ)上加上了否定詞 "not".有動(dòng)詞be的句子則"not"加在be后面,可縮寫成"isn't,aren't",但am not 一般都分開寫.沒有動(dòng)詞be的句子則要先在主要?jiǎng)釉~的前面加上一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞(do,does,did),然后在它后面加上"not",你也可以把它們縮寫在一起如"don't , doesn't , didn't ).這三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)人稱和時(shí)態(tài)來選擇,其中"does"只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)的情況,而"did"只用于一般過去時(shí),不論主語是什么人稱和數(shù),都用"did" . 3,一般疑問句:是指詢問事實(shí)的句子,此類句子必須用"yes",或"no"來回答. 如:Are you a student Yes, I am / No, I'm not. Is she a doctor Yes, she is. / No, she isn't. Does he work in a hospital Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't. Are there four fans in our classroom Yes, there are. / No, there aren't. Are you going to buy a comic book tonight Yes, I am. / No, I am not. (Yes, we are. / No, we aren't.) Will he eat lunch at 12:00 Yes, I will. / No, I will not(won't). Are they swimming Yes, they are. / No, they aren't. Did you watch TV yesterday evening Yes, I did. / No, I didn't. ☆注意☆ 小結(jié):一般疑問句是在肯定句的基礎(chǔ)上, ①把動(dòng)詞be調(diào)到首位,其他照寫,末尾標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)變成問號(hào)即可. ②沒有動(dòng)詞be的句子則要在句首加上一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞(do,does,did)再把緊跟在后面的動(dòng)詞變回原形,末尾標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)變成問號(hào)即可. 這三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞也要根據(jù)人稱和時(shí)態(tài)來選擇,其中"does"只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)的情況,而"did"只用于一般過去時(shí),不論主語是什么人稱和數(shù),都用"did" .一般疑問句有個(gè)重要的原則就是問和答要一致,即問句里的第一個(gè)單詞(助動(dòng)詞)和簡略答句里的這個(gè)詞是一致的. 4,特殊疑問句:以特殊疑問詞(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)開頭引導(dǎo)的句子.此類句子應(yīng)該問什么就答什么,不能用"yes ,no"來回答.如: What is this It's a computer. What does he do He's a doctor. Where are you going I'm going to Beijing. Who played football with you yesterday afternoon Mike. Which season do you like best Summer. When do you usually get up I usually get up at 6:30. Whose skirt is this It's Amy's. Why do you like spring best Because I can plant trees. How are you I'm fine. / I'm happy. How did you go to Xinjiang I went to Xinjiang by train. ☆其中how又可以和其他一些形容詞連用組成特殊疑問詞組用來提問,如: how many(多少(數(shù)量)), how much(多少(錢)), how tall(多高), how long(多長), how big(多大), how heavy(多重) 例句:How many pencils do you have I have three pencils. How many girls can you see I can see four girls. How many desks are there in your classroom There are 51. ☆小結(jié):how many 用來提問可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量,主要有以上三種句式搭配, How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + do you have 你有多少…… How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + can you see 你能看見多少…… How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + are there… 有多少…… 七:完全,縮略形式: I'm=I am he's=he is she's=she is they're=they are you're=you are there's=there is they're=they are can't=can not don't=do not doesn't=does not isn't=is not aren't=are not let's=let us won't=will not I'll=I will wasn't=was not 總結(jié):通常情況下,'m即am,'s即is(但 let's=let us), 're即are ,n't即not (但can't=can not
分類歸納： 一：名詞的單復(fù)數(shù); 1. 后加s：apple---apples book---books house-houses tree---trees 2. 后加es：tomato—tomatoes potato—potatoes box—boxes peach-peaches 3. 原形：sheep-sheep fish—fish rice-rice milk—milk water—water 二：形容詞的比較級(jí)，加r，er，y-i加er 1. 有e加r：nice--nicer wide--wider 2. 直加er：tall--taller old--older long--longer strong--stronger young—younger short—shorter 3. 雙寫加er：thin—thinner big—bigger 4. 變身y-i加er：heavy—heavier 三：動(dòng)詞的ing形式，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)do-doing 1. 直接加ing：cook—cooking read—reading teach—teaching swing—swinging do-doing 2. 去掉e加ing：write-writing take-taking have-having dive-diving ride-riding 3. 雙寫加ing：swim—swimming run—running 四：動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式，do—does 1. 直接加s：read-reads draw-draws like-likes write-writes make-makes live-lives come-comes drive- drives 2. 加es：go-goes do-does teach-teaches watch-watches 3. 變y-i加es：study- studies 五：動(dòng)詞的過去式，do—did 1. 有e加d：make→maked write→writed dancd-danced 2 .直接加ed：visit→visted learn→learned watch-watched play—liayde cook-cooked 3. 變y-i加ed：study—studied 4. 變身：do-did go-went have-had sing-sang buy-bought swim—swam 5. 原形：read—read 六：寫出下列單詞的反義詞： tall—short taller—taller old-young new older-younger boy—girl yes-no big-small bigger-smaller long-shoet longer-shorter 七：完全—縮寫形式 arenot=aren’t is not=isn’t do not=don’t did not=didn’t does not=doesn’t can not=can’t was not=wasn’t I will=I’ll I am=I’m I would=I’d Let us=Let‘s they are=they’re what is=what’s she is=she’s it is=it’s he is=he’s were not=weren’t mister=Mr centimeter=cm kg 八：一個(gè)單詞的多種形式： 原形 第三人稱單數(shù) ing進(jìn)行時(shí) 過去式 do does doing did go goes going went watch watches watching watched write writes writing writed swim swims swimming swamp read reads reading read play plays playing played 英語作文示范：靠中間寫，句數(shù)要夠，書寫規(guī)范，題目。 1. 請(qǐng)你以“My Friend”或“My Pen Pal”為題，介紹一下你的朋友，基本信息包括：姓名，年齡，身高，體重，長相，愛好，住哪，平時(shí)做的事，怎樣去上學(xué)等。 （不少于5句話）。 注：句子不少于5句，第三人稱，書寫規(guī)范。
My Friend My Friend is Chen Jie. She is 14. She is 160 tall. She is tall and thin. She is 45kg. She likes making kites. She lives in china. She watches TV at night. She goes to school by bike. We are good friends. 2.你打算這個(gè)周末在家里舉行一個(gè)“party”，你能介紹一下去你家的路線，好讓你的朋友盡快找到你嗎？（不少于5句話）。 注：條例清晰，不少于5句話，書寫規(guī)范。 Start from your school. Take the NO.5 bus. Get off at the cinema. Turn left at the cinema. Go straight for 3 minutes. My home is near the bookstore. 3.在家里你能幫父母干些什么家務(wù)呢？趕緊介紹一下吧。（不少于5句話）。 注：I can句型，短語書寫正確，注意“the”和單復(fù)數(shù)。不少于5句話。 I can cook the meals. I can wash the clothes. I can clean the bedroom. I can set the table. I can water the flowers. I can make the bed. I am helpful at home. 4.你能介紹一下你的家人都是什么職業(yè)，在哪工作，怎么去上班嗎？（不少于5句話）。 注：注意第一第三人稱，不少于5句話，書寫規(guī)范 My Family My mother is a teacher. She works in a school. She goes to work by bike. My father is an engineer. He goes to work by bus. My sister is a doctor. She works in a hospital. She goes to work by subway. I am a student. I go to school on foot. 5.你能給大家比較一下你家人的外貌特征嗎？不少于5句話
注：外貌特征，長相比較，可以用比較級(jí)。 My Family My father is taller than my mother. My father is older than my mother. My mother is younger than my father. My sister is shorter than my brother. I am shorter than my brother. But I am taller than my sister. 5. 請(qǐng)你給大家介紹一下你家人的愛好好嗎？注意人稱變化. 不少于5句話。 注：注意第一like，第三人稱likes的變化。Like后面加ing. I like reading books. My father likes reading newspapers. My mother likes singsing. My little sister likes watching TV. My brother likes swimming. My little brother likes flying kites. 6. 你能介紹一下，上一個(gè)（假期）周末你都做什么了嗎？可以以“Last Weekend”為題，不少于5句話。 注：過去式，第一人稱，題目。 Last Weekend On Saturday morning，I claned my bedroom. In the afternoon，I went to a park. At night，I watched TV. On Sunday Imorning，I read books. In the afternoon，I washed my clothes. At night ，I went to the cinema. 7. 請(qǐng)根據(jù)提示寫一下你的家人上個(gè)周末都做什么了。不少于5句話。 注：根據(jù)提示來，過去式，一、三人稱。 媽媽—洗衣服 爸爸—去公園 哥哥—踢足球 妹妹—看電視 我—讀書 Last Weekend My mother washed the clothes. My father went to a park. My brother played football. My sister watched TV. I read English books. 8. 請(qǐng)根據(jù)提示寫一下你的家人此時(shí)此刻正在做什么，不少于5句話。 注：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，加ing，有be的am，is，are形式。 媽媽—洗衣服 爸爸—讀報(bào)紙 哥哥—踢足球 妹妹—看電視 我—讀書 My mother is washing the clothes. My father is reading newspapers. My brother is playing football. My sister is watching TV. I am reading English books. 9. 請(qǐng)根據(jù)提示寫一下你的家人下個(gè)周末都打算干什么，不少于5句話。 注：一般將來時(shí)，be going to +v原形。Be 有am，is，are。 媽媽—洗衣服 爸爸—讀報(bào)紙 哥哥—踢足球 妹妹—看電視 我—放風(fēng)箏 Next Weekend My mother is going to wash the clothes. My father is going to read newspapers. My brother is going to play football. My sister is going to watch TV. I am going to fly kites.
小學(xué)英語六年級(jí)總復(fù)習(xí)（二） ( 一) 語音部分。 這部分重點(diǎn)是幫助學(xué)生整理、歸納發(fā)音規(guī)律和讀音規(guī) 則, 過好語音關(guān)。英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)二級(jí)目標(biāo)提出: 要知道錯(cuò)誤的 發(fā)音會(huì)影響交際; 知道字母名稱的讀音; 了解簡單的拼讀規(guī) 律; 了解單詞有重音; 語音清楚、語調(diào)自然。在復(fù)習(xí)語音知識(shí) 時(shí)應(yīng)強(qiáng)調(diào)了解語音知識(shí)的意義, 而不是語音規(guī)則的掌握; 強(qiáng) 調(diào)語音知識(shí)在交際中的作用, 而不是語音知識(shí)本身。從而為 學(xué)生繼續(xù)以后的英語學(xué)習(xí)打下堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。進(jìn)行總復(fù)習(xí)時(shí), 可按照以下板塊來分類復(fù)習(xí)。 A) 元音: a e i o u Aa cake, face, date, snake, grape, make, game, plate, later, name, lake, etc cat, map, hat, sad, happy, black, etc Ee evening, we, he, be , she, these, etc bed, help, elbow, desk, ten, leg, eleven, dress, egg, hen, yes, very, etc Ii ice, time, bike, ride, white, Friday, library, rice, like, nice, kite, size, etc pink, six, in, pig, fifty, river, windy, sick, sister, sit, milk, fish, slipper, in, thin, big , swim, it, etc Oo home, nose, rose, go, those, hole, close, hotel, old, hello, rope, cold, etc nod, not, closet, box, fox, lock, lot, shop, rock, office, orange, on, etc Uu sun, sunny, run, fun, jump, lunch, supper, under, truck, duck, donut, us, Sunday, hundred, etc computer, Tuesday, excuse, unit, January, avenue, music, use, etc B) 元音字母組合 E — tea, speak, dream, east, easy, teacher, leaf, leave, read, jeans, meat, cheap, etc breakfast, bread, sweater, heaven, head, etc ee — see, need, queen, sheep, teeth, green, sleep, nineteen, street, knee, etc oo — toothbrush, zoo, cool, food, noodles, Kangaroo, school, afternoon, cookie, etc classroom, book, foot, look, good, bedroom, cookies, wood, etc ou —blouse, house, mouth, mouse, south, cloudy, about, etc ar — department, arm, car, park, March, apartment, far, marker, hard, party, etc or —morning, north, for, corner, short, shorts, story, horse, forty, etc homework, work, doctor, world, word, etc ir — shirt, bird, skirt, thirsty, thirty, third, circle, first, girl, etc ur — Thursday, purple, curly, hurt, nurse, hamburger, Saturday, etc er — sweater, sister, teacher, letter, supper, computer, burger, under, corner, tiger, etc ear —ear, year, near, hear, dear, etc ay — X- ray, day, May, play, may, always, today, gray, okay, way, etc ow —tomorrow, know, below, slow, elbow, yellow, show, snow, bowl, etc cow, now, brown, flower, down, etc oa —coat, boat, goat, road, etc C) 輔音字母組合 sh — cashier, she, sheep, shoes, fish, etc ch — chicken, teacher, chalk, chair, chant, children, much, China, etc tr — waitress, tree, street, truck, traffic, strawberry , trick, etc dr — drink, dress, drive, dream, draw, etc th — theatre, thirsty, three, think, third, Thursday, teeth, etc mother, father, this, that, they, brother, these, their, etc wh —where, what, white, when, why, etc ( 二) 詞匯部分。 包括: 名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞以及常見詞組、短語等。 各詞類在復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)可按主題再進(jìn)一步的劃分, 如小學(xué)階段 要求掌握的名詞可分為學(xué)習(xí)用品、職業(yè)、顏色、身體部位、家 庭成員、蔬菜、水果、服裝、食品、場所、交通工具、動(dòng)物、植物、 家具、形狀、季節(jié)、節(jié)日、國家等; 動(dòng)詞可分為運(yùn)動(dòng)、休閑娛樂、 學(xué)習(xí)、家務(wù)、感官動(dòng)詞等; 形容詞可分為描寫外貌、性格、情 感、天氣、表示“好”的形容詞等類別。這樣分類的目的是幫助 學(xué)生整理知識(shí), 并豐富他們的積極詞匯量, 如學(xué)生在描述人 物性格時(shí), 可以有多個(gè)不同的形容詞涌入頭腦, 供其選擇。這 樣說( 寫) 出來的詞匯和內(nèi)容都會(huì)比較豐富。 這種分類也是對(duì)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)策略的一個(gè)提示。策略研究的 結(jié)果表明分類記憶的詞匯效果較好, 并易于提取。除此之外, 我們還可以教給學(xué)生采用記憶同義詞、反義詞、聯(lián)想記憶等 方法來整理、記憶詞匯。 教材中出現(xiàn)的比較重要的詞組和短語, 我們也可以一起 來整理記憶。如: 表示地點(diǎn): in /on /under the desk /table? in a river /tree? in the classroom/gym/library? in the top in front of /behind the tree? in the sink in the bedroom/living room? on the ice / snow on the blackboard on a map on the right /left? 表示時(shí)間: in the morning /afternoon /evening in winter /spring /summer /fall 表示動(dòng)作: open the window/book /door close the window/book /door go to bed go to school go to sleep go for a walk go straight go up the stairs go shopping go to the park /zoo /gym? go swimming go /walk /drive to work eat breakfast /lunch /supper have breakfast /lunch /supper read a book read books read the newspaper a pair of shorts /gloves? read my /your book play basketball /sports /cards? play on the computer work on the computer speak English /Chinese teach English learn English take a picture take off take the bus by bus /bicycle? write a story write a letter watch TV watch a movie fly a kite fly kites go on a trip go on trips have a good trip help my /your mother wash my /your hands /face brush my /your teeth get up domy homework put on drawa picture walk home stand up wake up listen to the radio /teacher turn right /left work hard drive a car ride a bicycle stay home look at live in arrive in? leave for ? etc ( 三) 語法部分。 1.詞類與用法。 A.名詞。 ( 1) 可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式, 要求掌握單數(shù)變 復(fù)數(shù)的一般規(guī)則。何時(shí)加- s, 何時(shí)加- es . ( 2) 掌握課本中出現(xiàn)的不規(guī)則名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。如men, women , children , people, etc ( 3) 了解不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如: paper, chalk, ice, cream, cake, juice, soup, ice, meat, fish, fruit, milk, chicken, etc 此外, 還有一些名詞本身就是以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的。如: shorts , jeans, socks, clothes, etc B.代詞。 ( 1) 掌握人稱代詞he, she, I, you, we, they 的用法. ( 2) 掌握形容詞性物主代詞my, your, his, her, our 的用 法。了解名詞性物主代詞mine, yours 的用法。 ( 3) 掌握指示代詞this , that, these, those 的用法, 特別是 它們構(gòu)成的句型。 ( 4) 掌握疑問代詞( 包括部分疑問副詞) what, how, how many , howmuch, howold, howtall, howoften, who, what time, when , where, 等構(gòu)成的特殊疑問句并能做出簡單回答。 C.冠詞。 掌握a 和an 的不同用法。 D.數(shù)詞。 ( 1) 掌握數(shù)詞1~100 以及整百、整千的寫法用法。 ( 2) 了解序數(shù)詞第1- 第12。 E.介詞。 掌握介詞in, on, under, above, below, beside, inside, outside, in front of, behind 等的用法。 F.動(dòng)詞。 ( 1) 掌握be 動(dòng)詞am, is, are (was were) 在使用時(shí)的人稱 變化, be 動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的肯定句、否定句、疑問句以及對(duì)疑問句的 回答等形式。 ( 2) 掌握行為動(dòng)詞在不同時(shí)態(tài)里的不同形式, 包括一般 現(xiàn)在時(shí)里的動(dòng)詞原形和動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式; 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行 時(shí)里的動(dòng)詞+ing 形式和一般過去時(shí)里的動(dòng)詞過去式包括規(guī) 則動(dòng)詞加- ed 和不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞如ate, saw, went, bought, taught, thought, etc. ( 3) 掌握助動(dòng)詞do, does, did 等構(gòu)成的否定句、疑問句 以及對(duì)問句的簡單回答形式。 ( 4) 掌握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can, may 構(gòu)成的各種句型及問句的答 語。 ( 5) 掌握would 構(gòu)成的問句及答語。 G.形容詞、副詞。 了解形容詞可放到be 動(dòng)詞后或名詞前如: I am happy. Mymother is young. This is a red bag. He has white hair. 了解形 容詞比較級(jí)的用法。如: I am older/ younger than ? I am taller/ shorter than? 了解表示頻率的副詞always, usually, sometimes, never 的用法。 2.句子: A. 句子的類型: 重點(diǎn)掌握陳述句( 包括肯定句和否定 句) 、一般疑問句、特殊疑問句及其回答。 B.句子的時(shí)態(tài): 要求掌握一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般 過去時(shí)和一般將來時(shí), 重點(diǎn)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。 在復(fù)習(xí)這部分內(nèi)容時(shí)一定要注意主要是通過教材中選 出的不同例句來對(duì)各種詞的用法進(jìn)行對(duì)比、歸類和總結(jié)。這 部分的學(xué)習(xí)記憶不是重點(diǎn), 重點(diǎn)是知道在什么語境中運(yùn)用。 教師在復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)用的例子要有代表性和全面性。如介詞for 在 教材中就有表示目的、時(shí)間延續(xù)、用途等的意義, 因此教師要 給出相應(yīng)的例子。要注意引導(dǎo)學(xué)生對(duì)容易弄錯(cuò)的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行對(duì) 比, 并給予鞏固性練習(xí)。 回憶在學(xué)過的課文里什么地方用過, 表達(dá)的是怎樣的意 思, 并能自己舉出使用這些詞和語法現(xiàn)象的例子, 是復(fù)習(xí)掌 握這部分內(nèi)容的有效策略。 第二部分話題、功能和任務(wù) 這個(gè)部分可在第一部分的復(fù)習(xí)完成后進(jìn)行, 也可與第一 部分的內(nèi)容結(jié)合進(jìn)行。教師要將1~8 冊(cè)書中的各單元間的關(guān) 系進(jìn)行分析, 將那些相關(guān)的內(nèi)容放在一起, 作為一大主題進(jìn) 行復(fù)習(xí), 建立起縱向的聯(lián)系, 而不是把他們當(dāng)作孤立的板塊 逐一處理。每大主題的復(fù)習(xí)應(yīng)包括相關(guān)詞匯、常用句型、典型 對(duì)話( 段落) 等幾個(gè)方面, 包括聽、說、讀、寫的練習(xí)。劃分出的 每個(gè)板塊應(yīng)從相關(guān)課文單元、涉及主要詞匯、重點(diǎn)涉及語法、 功能、典型句型等方面進(jìn)行復(fù)習(xí)。 這個(gè)部分在復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)要注意對(duì)學(xué)生能力的培養(yǎng)。這就意味 著教師們不要簡單重復(fù)教材中的內(nèi)容, 或簡單地對(duì)教材內(nèi)容 進(jìn)行部分詞的替換, 而是要將小學(xué)階段學(xué)過的同某一個(gè)主題 相關(guān)的內(nèi)容綜合起來, 靈活地加以運(yùn)用, 使學(xué)生們加深對(duì)已 學(xué)內(nèi)容的理解 冠詞 一、定義 冠詞是一種虛詞，本身不能單獨(dú)使用，也沒有詞義，它用在名詞的前面(相當(dāng)于名詞的帽子)，幫助指明名詞的含義。 二、分類 共3類：定冠詞（the Definite Article），不定冠詞（the Indefinite Article）、零冠詞（Zero Article）。 三、用法 1、定冠詞的用法 a 、an與數(shù)詞on (1) 表示某一類人或某事物中的任何一個(gè),經(jīng)常用在第一次提到某人或某物時(shí),用不定冠詞起介紹作用，表示一個(gè)。 I gave him a book yesterday .我昨天給了他一本書 I am reading an interesting story . 我在讀一則有趣的故事。 (2) 表示人或事物的某一種類, 強(qiáng)調(diào)整體, 即以其中的一個(gè)代表一類。 A horse is useful to mankind. 馬對(duì)人類有用。 (3) 不定冠詞用在事物的"單位"前,如時(shí)間, 速度, 價(jià)格等意義的名詞之前,表示 "每一"。 We often go to school two times a day. 我們常常一天兩次去學(xué)校。 I went to the library on (4) 不定冠詞用來指某人某物,但不具體說明任何人或任何物。 A boy came to see you a moment ago. 剛才有一個(gè)小孩來找你。 (5)在序數(shù)詞前表示"又一;再一"時(shí)。如: I want to read the story a second time 我想再讀一遍這篇小說。 (6) 表示不特定的"某一個(gè)"時(shí)。如: A Mr. Smith is calling on the phone. 有一位史密斯先生來電話找你 。 7）在特定的短語里表示特定的含義，與不可數(shù)名詞連用，如： have a good time 過得高興 (8) 一日三餐前有修飾語時(shí)。如: -Mum, what shall we have for lunch? -Jiaozi. -Oh, what a wonderful lunch! I enjoy it very much. (9) 在形容詞最高級(jí)前表示"非常"時(shí)。如: Lesson Nine is a most difficult lesson, but it isn't the most difficult On (10)不定冠詞用于某些詞組中。 a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many /
many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in
a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on / all of a sudden 2.定冠詞的用法 定冠詞the與指示代詞this,that,these,those同源，有"那（這）個(gè)" "這（那）些"的意思，但較弱，可以和一個(gè)名詞連用，來表示某個(gè)或某些特定的人或東西。以下為必須加定冠詞的情形: (1)在表示雙方都明白的人或物的名詞之前： Take the medicine. 把藥吃了。 (2)在上文提到過的人或事的名稱之前： He bought a house. I've been to the house. 他買了幢房子。我去過那幢房子。 (3)在指世上獨(dú)一無二的事物的名詞之前： the sun， the sky， the moon， the earth (4)與單數(shù)名詞連用表示一類事物，如： The fox is cunning .狐貍是狡猾的。 (5)與形容詞或分詞連用，表示一類人：the rich 富人; the living 生者。 (6)用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí)，及形容詞on Where do you live? I live on the second floor. 你住在哪？我住在二層。 That's the very thing that Ineed 那正是我需要的東西。 (7)在表示"...世紀(jì)...年代"的結(jié)構(gòu)之前 He began to learn Russian in the 1950s. 他在20實(shí)際50年代開始學(xué)俄語。 但注意:in on He looked quite healthy though he was in his 80s. (8)在比較級(jí)的兩種句型中: ①表示"越 ......,就越......"時(shí)。如: The lighter, the better. 越輕越好 。 ② 表示"兩者中比較......"時(shí),用定冠詞。如: There are two books on the table. I like the thicker on (9)用在"動(dòng)詞+sb.+介詞+the+身體部位名稱"的結(jié)構(gòu)中(注意:介詞常用in/on/by)。如: The ball hit me on the back. 球打中了他的頭 。 (10) 在表示"計(jì)量單位"的可數(shù)名詞前(注意:介詞用by)。如: The workers are paid by the hour/day/month. 按月付給工人工資 . (11)用在某些由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前：the Great Wall(長城)，the People's Park(人民公園)等。 the People's Republic of China 中華人民共和國 the United States 美國 (12)用在表示樂器的名詞之前：
She plays the piano. 她會(huì)彈鋼琴. The little girl likes to play the violin. 小女孩喜歡拉小提琴。 13）定冠詞用在文藝活動(dòng),運(yùn)動(dòng)場所的名稱前。 They are going to the cinema tonight. 他們今晚要去影院看電影。
(14)用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞之前，表示一家人： the Greens 格林一家人 (或格林夫婦) (15)在方位名詞之前 ，如：in the west on the west (16)在某些短語中 in the day, in the morning (afternoon，evening), the
day after tomorrow ,the day before yesterday, the next morning, in the sky (water，field，country) in the dark, in the rain, in the distance, in the middle (of), in the end, on the whole, by the way, go to the theatre
總 復(fù) 習(xí) 1.人稱代詞 主格： I we you she he it they 賓格： me us you her him it them 形容詞性物主代詞：my our your her his its their 名詞性物主代詞： mine ours yours hers his its theirs 2.形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí) (1) 一般在形容詞或副詞后+er older taller longer stronger, etc (2) 多音節(jié)詞前+more more interesting, etc. (3) 雙寫最后一個(gè)字母，再+er bigger fatter, etc. (4) 把y變i，再+er heavier, earlier (5) 不規(guī)則變化： well-better, much/many-more, etc. 3.可數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式 Most nouns + s a book –books Nouns ending in a consonant +y - y+ ies a story—stories Nouns ending in s, sh, ch or x + es a glass—glasses a watch-watches Nouns ending in o +s or +es a piano—pianos a mango—mangoes Nouns ending in f or fe - f or fe +ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves
4.不可數(shù)名詞(單復(fù)數(shù)形式不變) bread, rice, water ,juice etc.
5. 縮略形式 I’m = I am you’re = you are she’s = she is he’s = he is it’s = it is who’s =who is can’t =can not isn’t=is not etc 6. a/an a book, a peach an egg an hour 7. Preposition: on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind. 表示時(shí)間： at six o’clock, at Christmas, at breakfast on Monday on 15th July On National Day in the evening in December in winter 8. 基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞 on 9. Some /any I have some toys in my bedroom. Do you have any brothers or sisters? 10. be 動(dòng)詞 (1) Basic form: am/are/is (2) 肯定和否定句 I am(not) from London. My eyes are(not) small. My hair is(not) long. （3）一般疑問句： Am I a Chniese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t. Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t. 11. there be 結(jié)構(gòu) 肯定句： There is a … There are … 一般疑問句:Is there …? Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t. Are there…? Yes, there are. /No, there aren’t. 否定句： There isn’t …. There aren’t…. 12. 祈使句 Sit down please. Don’t sit down, please. 13. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí).通常用“now”. 形式： be + verb +ing eg: I am(not) doing my homework. You/We/They are(not) reading. He/She/It is(not) eating. 動(dòng)詞 —ing 的形式 Most verbs +ing walk—walking Verbs ending in e -e + ing come—coming Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant run –running swim—swimming 14 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。通常用 “usually, often, every day, sometimes”。 形式： 肯定句： I go to school on foot every day. She goes to school on foot every day. 一般疑問句: Do you jump high? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. Does he jump high? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t. 否定句： We don’t go to school on Sundays. My mother doesn’t like watching TV in the evening.
15. (情態(tài))動(dòng)詞can,must, should 后面直接用動(dòng)詞原形。 eg: 1. I / He / She / They can sing. 2．You should keep quiet in the library.
16. 一般過去時(shí)態(tài) （a） be 動(dòng)詞的過去式: I/He/she/it was(not)…. You/we/they were…. 一般疑問句was, were 放在句首。 （b）動(dòng)詞過去式： 肯定句： I watched cartoons. She visited the zoo. 一般疑問句： Did you read book last night? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t. Did she clean the desk just now? Yes, she did. No, she didn’t. 否定句： They didn’t go the the part yesterday. He didn’t make model ships last week. (3)動(dòng)詞過去式的變化： 規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化： Most verbs +ed eg. planted,watered,climbed。 Verbs ending in e +d eg liked。 Verbs ending in a consonant +y --y +ied eg : study—studied Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant eg: stop --stopped 不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化： is/am—was,are—were,do—did,have/has—had,make—made,fly-flew/u: eat—ate,take—took,run—ran,sing—sang,drink—drank 等等 17. “Wh-” questions. What are you doing? What colour is it? What time is it? What’s the time? Which is your watch, the yellow on Who’s the man with a big nose? Whose bag is it? When is your birthday? Where is my ball pen? Why do you like summer? How many books are there in the school bag? How old is the young man? How much is the toy bear? How do you go to school everyday?
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