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有研究對(duì)飲食中減少鈉鹽的攝入提出了質(zhì)疑 Although cutting back on salt does lower blood pressure, new research finds that it may also increase levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and other risk factors for heart disease. 雖然減少鹽的攝入量可以降低血壓，但新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，這也可能會(huì)增加膽固醇、甘油三酯的水平和導(dǎo)致心臟病的其他風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素。 At this point, though, it's not entirely clear what the findings mean for long-term health, according to the study, which appears online Nov. 9 in the American Journal of Hypertension. 不過，根據(jù)此項(xiàng)研究，在這一點(diǎn)上并不完全清楚對(duì)于長期的健康會(huì)產(chǎn)生什么樣的結(jié)果。美國高血壓雜志11月9日在線報(bào)道。 MORE: Study: Lower salt intake could be riskier than thought 更多的研究：減少鹽的攝入量可能比想象的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更高。 STORY: CDC: Americans consume too much sodium 經(jīng)歷：CDC：美國人攝入的鈉鹽過多 "In my opinion, people should generally not worry about their salt intake," said study author Dr. Niels Graudal, senior consultant in internal medicine and rheumatology at Copenhagen University Hospital in Denmark. “在我看來，人們通常不用擔(dān)心他們的食鹽攝入量”本研究的作者尼爾斯.格安德魯博士說，其為丹麥哥本哈根大學(xué)醫(yī)院內(nèi)科和風(fēng)濕病的高級(jí)顧問。 For decades, health experts have been saying that reducing sodium consumption lowers the risk for heart disease and stroke. And there's a powerful new government push to reduce salt in prepared and processed foods. 幾十年來，健康專家一直說減少鈉鹽的消耗可以降低引發(fā)心臟病和中風(fēng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。于是新政府加大決心推行在預(yù)制食品和加工食品中減少鈉鹽。 New U.S. dietary guidelines now recommend that people aged 2 and older limit daily sodium intake to less than 2,300 milligrams (mg). 新的美國膳食指南推薦，2歲以上的人群每天鈉鹽的攝入量限制在2300mg以下。 People aged 51 and older, blacks and anyone with high blood pressure, diabetes or chronic kidney disease should consider going down to 1,500 mg per day, many experts say. 51歲以上的人群、黑色人種和患有高血壓、糖尿病及慢性腎病的人群應(yīng)考慮減少到1500mg/d，許多專家說。 And the American Heart Association believes the 1,500-milligram-a-day recommendation should apply to all Americans. 并且美國心臟協(xié)會(huì)認(rèn)為每天1500mg的推薦量適用于所有的美國人。 The average American probably consumes 3,400 milligrams of sodium a day which, by these standards, is way too much. 美國人平均每天消耗3400mg的鈉鹽，按照上述的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，這就過多了。 But is it? 但真是這樣嗎？ One European study recently found that lower sodium excretion was associated with an increased risk of heart-related deaths and higher sodium excretion was not linked with increased risks for blood pressure or complications from heart disease in healthy people. 最近歐洲的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，健康人較低的鈉排泄會(huì)增加心臟相關(guān)死亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，而較高的鈉排泄則與血壓和心臟病并發(fā)癥的高發(fā)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)并無關(guān)系。 The study published this week reviewed data from 167 studies that compared high-sodium diets to low-sodium diets. 這項(xiàng)研究在本周發(fā)表了綜述，其數(shù)據(jù)來源于低鈉飲食與高鈉飲食比較的167項(xiàng)研究。 Less salt did lower blood pressure in whites, blacks and Asians who had either normal blood pressure or high blood pressure. 少吃鹽可使血壓正?；蚋哐獕旱陌咨朔N、黑色人種和亞洲人降低血壓。 But this came with significant increases in levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, the enzyme renin (involved in regulating blood pressure) and the hormones noradrenaline and adrenaline (which can affect blood pressure and heart rate). 但隨之而來的是膽固醇、甘油三酯、腎素（調(diào)節(jié)血壓）及去甲腎上腺素和腎上腺素（其可以影響血壓和心率）的水平顯著升高。 It's unclear at this point if these changes would translate, over the long run, into more heart attacks or strokes. 從長遠(yuǎn)看，這些變化是否會(huì)引起心臟病和中風(fēng)，這一點(diǎn)還不清楚。 But the findings do raise the issue that not all salt consumers are created equal. 但這個(gè)結(jié)果提出了并非所有的鈉鹽消費(fèi)者都適用。 "There are those who are more salt-sensitive than others," said Dr. Suzanne Steinbaum, a preventive cardiologist with Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City. “有些人群對(duì)食鹽較為敏感”紐約市勒諾克斯山醫(yī)院的心臟病預(yù)防專家蘇珊.斯泰鮑姆博士說。 As for the general public, the message is still the same: Less salt is probably better for your health, Steinbaum said. 至于普通民眾，仍與以前一樣，少吃鹽可能更健康，斯泰鮑姆說。 And even people who do keep their sodium intake within normal bounds should know that might not be enough. 那些將鈉鹽攝入量保持在正常范圍內(nèi)的人應(yīng)知道，這些可能不夠。 "People need to moderate their lifestyle with better mineral intake, more plant-based foods and more exercise in their daily lives," said Karen Congro, director of the Wellness for Life Program at The Brooklyn Hospital Center in New York City. "Sodium reduction is not going to solve their problems 100 percent." “人們需要調(diào)整他們的生活方式，日常生活中應(yīng)攝入更好的礦物質(zhì)，以植物性食品為基礎(chǔ)，加強(qiáng)鍛煉”。紐約市布魯克林醫(yī)院身心健康項(xiàng)目主任卡倫說，“減少鈉鹽的攝入不會(huì)百分百地解決問題?！?/SPAN> |
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