【就近一致原則（Proximity）】
也稱“鄰近原則”，即：謂語(yǔ)與靠近的名詞、代詞（有時(shí)不一定是主語(yǔ)）在“人稱、數(shù)”上一致。
（就近原則就是在遇到一些特定的詞組或句型后，動(dòng)詞的單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)看離他最近的那個(gè)主語(yǔ) ）
這些詞組有not only...but also..., either...or..., neither...nor...等。
there be ……句型 ，Neither……nor…… ，Either……or……， Not……but…… ，Whether……or……
Not only……but also……
1.There be 句型
There is a book and some pencils on the desk.
=There are some pencils and a book on the desk.
類似的還有here 和 This is a man and woman
2.neither...nor...
Neither you nor he is right.
= Neither he nor you are right.
Neither you nor I am wrong. 你和我都沒(méi)錯(cuò)。
3.either...or...
Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday.
= Either Jim or they are going to shanghai next Saturday.
4.not only...but also...
Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday.
= Not only Ann's parents but also she stays at home every Sunday.
Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday. 不僅是學(xué)生，就連老師也期盼一個(gè)假期。
Not only they but also I am keen on sports.
【主謂一致現(xiàn)象 】
有一類連接詞，其后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與連接詞前一部分的主語(yǔ)保持一致。此類連接詞有with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except (but), including等。例如：
Tracy, like many girls, loves dancing. 特蕾西像很多女孩一樣，喜歡跳舞。
All the students, including Tom, are leaving. 所有的學(xué)生，包括湯姆都走了。
No one except (but) me knows about this news. 除了我沒(méi)有人知道這個(gè)消息。
補(bǔ)充：
Ⅲ.“數(shù)詞”、“數(shù)量、單位”等詞語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)：
1. 表示“運(yùn)算”的數(shù)詞通常作單數(shù) 。e.g.
Ten times four makes(make) forty .+ 乘以四得四十。
2.表“時(shí)間、距離、金額、度量衡”等的詞語(yǔ)，作“整體”看時(shí)作單數(shù)用，側(cè)重指“若干單位”時(shí)作復(fù)數(shù)用。e.g.
①Twenty years is not a long time . 二十年光陰，彈指一揮間。
②Twenty years have passed since he left . 他離開(kāi)已二十個(gè)年頭了。
3.“分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)”通常依其“具體所指”來(lái)決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。e.g.
①About 40 percent / two-fifths of the books here are (is) worth reading . 這些書中百分之四十/五分之二值得讀。
②Only sixty percent / three-fifths of the work was done yesterday .昨天只干完了百分之六十/五分之三的工作。
4. "a number of (許多)/ a varlety of (各式各樣) "+復(fù)數(shù)名詞，常作復(fù)數(shù)用。e.g.
①A number of students in this class are (is) from Sichuan . 這個(gè)班有不少同學(xué)來(lái)自四川。
②There are a variety of toys in this shop.這家商店有各種各樣的玩具。
但是，“the number(數(shù)目)/ the variety(種類)”+ of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞，作單數(shù)。e.g.
①The number of students in this college has doubled . 這所大學(xué)的學(xué)生人數(shù)翻了一番。
②The variety of goods in this shop is rich . 這家商店貨物品種豐富。
Ⅳ.單、復(fù)數(shù)同形或易混的詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)：（參見(jiàn)“名詞”部分）
1.以“-ics”結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞：指教育、科研的某一學(xué)科，作單數(shù)。e.g.
Mathematics seems easy to me .我似乎覺(jué)得數(shù)學(xué)不難。
但是，表“具體的學(xué)業(yè)、活動(dòng)”等時(shí)，多用作復(fù)數(shù)。e.g.
①Her mathematics are weak . 她數(shù)學(xué)差。（指“學(xué)業(yè)成績(jī)、能力”）
②What are your politiscs? 你的政治觀點(diǎn)如何？
2. “works工廠，means方法，series系列，species物種，aircraft飛機(jī)”等名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)同形，要從上下文判斷其具體意義來(lái)決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。e.g.
①This works was(These works were)built two years ago . 這（幾）家工廠是兩年前修建的。
②Every means has (All means have) been tried . 各種辦法都試過(guò)了。
這類名詞通常還有“fish ,deer ,sheep ,headquarters (總部駐地),bellows(風(fēng)箱), plastics, gallows (絞架), manners(禮貌) ,whereabouts (行蹤), ”等。（但news（消息）是不可數(shù)名詞，通常只作單數(shù)用。）
Ⅴ. "the + 形容詞/分詞"作主語(yǔ)時(shí)：
1. 指“一類”人或事物時(shí)，常用作復(fù)數(shù)用。e.g.
①The English speak English. 英國(guó)人講英語(yǔ)。
②The rejected were heaped in the corner . 廢品堆在角落里。
2.指“某一個(gè)”人，或“抽象的”事物時(shí)，作單數(shù)用。e.g.
①The deceased was his father . 去世的是他父親。
②The agreeable is not always the useful . 好看的不一定中用。
③The new and progressive always wins over the old . 新生、進(jìn)步的事物總是要戰(zhàn)勝舊的東西。
Ⅵ.專用名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)：
1.“書名、劇名、報(bào)刊名、國(guó)家名”等通常作單數(shù)用。e.g.
①The United States was founded in 1776. 美國(guó)成立于1776年。
②The Arabian Nights is very interesting . 《天方夜譚》很有趣。
2.“書刊名”有時(shí)作單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)兩可，尤其是編成集子的書。e.g.
Dickens' Amerian Notes were (was ) published in 1842 .
狄更斯所著的《美國(guó)筆記》出版于1842年。
Ⅶ“what等引導(dǎo)的從句”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)：
1. 大多作單數(shù)用。e.g.
①What we need is more practice . 我們需要的是更多的實(shí)踐。
②What he says doesn't agree with what he does . 他言行不一致。
2.若從句是含復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)、或“表語(yǔ)”是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)兩可。e.g.
①What you say and think is /are no business of mine . 你怎么說(shuō)以及怎么想，不關(guān)我的事。
②What he bought was /were some books . 他所買的是幾本書。
【就近一致原則（Proximity）】
I.在正式文體中：
1.由下列詞語(yǔ)連接的并列主語(yǔ)："or ; either …or；nor; neither…or；whether…or；not…but; not only…but also" ; 等。e.g.
①What he does or what he says does not concern me . 他的行為或言談都與我無(wú)關(guān)。
②Neither you nor I am wrong . 你和我都沒(méi)錯(cuò)。
③Not you but your father is to blame . 不是你，而是你父親該受責(zé)備。
④Not only you hut(also) he is wrong .不僅你錯(cuò)了，他也錯(cuò)了。
2. 在倒裝句中：謂語(yǔ)可與后面第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)一致。e.g.
①In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people . 在遠(yuǎn)處，能聽(tīng)見(jiàn)鼓掌聲和人們的呼喊聲。
②There is (are) a pen and some books on the desk .桌上有一支鋼筆和幾本書。
II. 非正式文體中：
有時(shí)依“就近一致原則”，但也可依“意義一致原則”或嚴(yán)格地依“語(yǔ)法一致原則”。e.g.
Neither she nor I were there (意義一致) 我和他當(dāng)時(shí)都不在那兒。（非正式）
Neither she nor I was there .（就近一致）（譯文同上句）（正式）
但是，如果依“就近一致原則”而與其他兩項(xiàng)原則相矛盾時(shí)，則常常認(rèn)為是不太合符規(guī)范的。e.g.
No one except his own supporters agree with him .僅他自己的支持者同意他的意見(jiàn)。（依“就近”和“意義”一致的原則；但語(yǔ)法上，“No one ”才是主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)要改成“agrees”。“寫作中”一般要依“語(yǔ)法一致”原則。
