首先，我們來看看什么是反意疑問句。反意問句，是說話人對自己講述的事實不是十分有把握，提出了肯定與否定或者否定與肯定的兩種看法，讓對方加以判斷。 反意問句的構(gòu)成可分為兩部分，前一部分是個肯定句，后面反意問句就是否定的；如果前一部分是否定句，后面反意問句就是肯定句。所以從表面上看，反意問句應(yīng)該比較簡單。例如： He likes playing football, doesn’t he?
他喜歡踢足球, 是嗎？
Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.
是的。/ 不是。 His sister didn’t attend the meeting, did she?
他妹妹沒有參加會議, 是嗎？
Yes, she did. / No, she didn’t.
不, 她參加了。/ 是的, 她沒參加。 按語法規(guī)則來說，后半部分的反意問句非常短，就兩個詞：助動詞 代詞，如：...., may I? / did she? / don't they?/ should he? 等等。但是，在什么情況下使用什么樣的助動詞，在什么情況下使用什么樣的代詞，就比較復(fù)雜了。這篇文章里的21個注意事項，就是談這個問題的。下面來看看這21條到底是什么。 一、判斷前面句子是肯定句還是否定句 1. 前面肯定句中用了 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely,
little 等否定含義的詞時, 算作否定句，后面的反意問句當(dāng)然要用肯定形式了。 The boy made no answer, did he ?
Some plants never blow, do they ? [注意：不要隨便想像哪些詞行，哪些詞不行。比如只有否定前綴的詞就不能算作否定句。請看下面例句.] 2. 否定前綴不能視為否定詞, 那就是肯定句，后面的反意問句仍用否定形式。 It is impossible, isn't it?
He is not unkind to his classmates, is he? 二、關(guān)于幾個常用詞組是助動詞還是實義動詞 3. 前面肯定句中用了have to ( 過去式had to ) , 反意問句用don't /didn't 。 We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?
[have to 的意思是“必須”，但have to 作為實義動詞處理，] 4. 前面肯定句中的謂語是used to 時, 反意問句部分用usedn't/didn't 。 He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?
[used to 可以作為助動詞處理即usedn't, 也可作為實義動詞即didn't] 5.  前面肯定句中用了有had better,  反意問句部分用hadn't you? You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?
[had better 意為“最好”如何如何，這里仍然用had 來構(gòu)成反意問句。] 6.  前面肯定句中用了would rather, 反意問句部分多用 wouldn't。 He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?
[would rather 是個詞組，意為“寧愿”如何如何，這里仍然作為would 來處理。] 7.  前面肯定句中用了有You'd like to. 反意問句部分用wouldn't 。 You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?
[would like to 是個詞組，意思是“想要”，所以用將來時的would 來正理。] 三、關(guān)于幾個情態(tài)動詞的用法 8. 前面句子中用了情態(tài)動詞dare / need, 反意問句部分仍然用dare / need。 We need not do it again, need we ?
He dare not say so, dare you? 而當(dāng)dare / need 為實義動詞時, 反意問句部分用助動詞do/don't。 She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she? 9.  前面肯定句中用了表示推測或虛擬語氣的must , 反意問句部分根據(jù)實際情況而定。 (1) must 表示推測 He must be a doctor, isn't he?
[must 這里是猜測，意為“一定是”。] They must finish the work today, needn’t they?
他們今天必須要完成這項工作, 是嗎？[must 這時是情態(tài)動詞，意為“必須”。] It must be going to rain tomorrow, won't it?
[must 表示推測，謂語關(guān)鍵是be going to 表示將來時，所以用 will/won't.] (2) must have done sth. 表示虛擬語氣，have 強調(diào)已經(jīng)做完某事，did/didn't 強調(diào)事情本身。 You must have studied English for three years, didn't you/haven't you?  ?
[兩者都行，關(guān)鍵看說話人強調(diào)什么部分了。] He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he?
[強調(diào)動作。] 再例如：  She must have read the novel last week, didn’t she?
她上星期一定讀了這本小說了, 是嗎？ [強調(diào)read的動作] You must have told her about it, haven’t you?
你一定把這事告訴她了, 是嗎? [強調(diào)已經(jīng)做完了某事] 10. 前面肯定句中用了ought to，反意問句用oughtn't/shouldn't。 He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?
[ought to 與 should 的意思非常相近，表示“應(yīng)當(dāng)”如何，兩者可以替換。] 11. 前面肯定句的謂語是wish,  反意問句要用may 。 I wish to have a word with you, may I?
[按規(guī)則wish 的否定應(yīng)該是don't ，但wish 這里表示詢問是否允許，用了may。] 四、反意問句中使用什么代詞 12.  前面肯定句中用了neither… nor, either… or , 反意問句部分根據(jù)其實際而定。 Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?
[neither...nor 原來是指兩個中每個都不……，一般是指單個的人，這里也可用are you/ are I. ，根據(jù)說話者的意圖而定。] 13.  前面肯定句中用了指物的不定代詞everything, nothing 等, 反意問句部分主語用it。 Everything is ready, isn't it?
[指物的不定代詞，通常都可以用it 來代替。但指人的somebody, anybody 一般用復(fù)數(shù)的they.  請看下面第14的例句。] 14.  前面肯定句中主語是指人的不定代詞everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等, 反意問句部分常用復(fù)數(shù)they, 有時也用單數(shù)he. Everyone knows the answer, don't they? (does he?)
Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?) 五、復(fù)雜句子的反意問句怎么處理 15.   復(fù)雜句子要根據(jù)不同情況處理。 (1) 并列復(fù)合句中前后兩句是相等關(guān)系，以后面的一個句子主、謂來定反意問句。 Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in
China now, shouldn't he?
[此句以后面一個句子的should 來定。] (2) 帶有定語從句、賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句, 反意問句部分謂語根據(jù)主句的謂語而定： He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?
He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he? (3) 如果主句部分的謂語是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine 等, 反意問句部分要以賓語從句來定。 I don't think he is bright, is he?
We believe she can do it better, can't she? 16. 一般祈使句, 反意問句部分用will you。 Don't do that again, will you?
Go with me, will you / won't you ?
[因為祈使句的默認主語是you, 而且祈使句是種婉轉(zhuǎn)的說法，will you 也是婉轉(zhuǎn)說法。] 注意： Let's 開頭的祈使句, 有兩種情況： (1) 包括自己在內(nèi)的，反意問句用shall we或用shan't we. Let's go and listen to the music, shall we /shan't we? (2) 如果只是征求別人的意見，仍然用will you / won't you. Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you / won't you? 再例如： Let's go to see the film,shall we ?
咱們?nèi)タ措娪? 好嗎？ [包括自己在內(nèi)] Let us go to see the film,will you?
讓我們?nèi)タ措娪? 好嗎？ [征求對方意見] Shall we go by train？
Yes, let's. [包括自己在內(nèi)] 注意：此句是錯誤的： Please let us remove the bookshelf for you.
讓我倆給你移動一下書架。[錯誤。Let us 已包括我和所有人在內(nèi)] 17. 前面肯定句中用了there be 結(jié)構(gòu)的, 反意問句部分仍然要用there。 There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there? Yes, there is. / No, there isn't.
There will not be any trouble, will there? Yes, there will. / No, there won't.
[there be 可看作一個詞組，意為“有”，所以反意問句及回答仍然要用there be.] 18.  感嘆句中, 反意問句部分用be 。 What colours (they are), aren't they?
What a smell (it is), isn't it?
[這里的what 感嘆句其實省略了后面的they are/ it is, 所以仍然用aren't/isn't.] 19. 前面句子用了so, 表示“這么說來”時, 反意問句部分按常規(guī)處理。 So you have seen the film, have you?
So he has not been to Beijing, hasn't he?  20. 最后有一個特例，即前面肯定句的主語是I，反意問句要用 aren't I. I'm as tall as your sister, aren't I?
我和你姐姐一樣高, 對嗎？[注意：不是am not I.]