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交際用語
【考點掃描】 近年來的中考試題中，對日常交際用語的考查比重越來越大。涉及到在各種情景下的問和答；涉及到英語國家的文化習俗；涉及到口語和書面表達。考查的形式有聽力理解，有補全對話，有單項選擇，有情景反應，有書面表達。 【名師精講】 初中階段要掌握的30個日常交際項目是： 1.問候 Greetings a.Good morning/afternoon/evening. Hello/Hi. How are you? b.Fine, thank you, And you? Very well, thank you. 2.介紹 Introductions a.This is Mr/Mrs/Miss/Comrade…. b.How do you do? Nice/Glad to see/meet you. c.My name is…. I’m a student/worker etc.(here). 3.告別 Farewells a.I think it’s time for to leave now. b.Goodbye! (Bye-bye! Bye!) See you later/tomorrow. (See you.) Good night. 4.打電話 Making telephone calls a.Hello! May I speak to …? Is that… (speaking)? b.Hold on, please. He/She isn’t here right now. Can I take a message for you? c.I called to tell/ask you… d.Goodbye. 5.感謝和應答 Thanks and responses a.Thank you (very much). Thanks a lot. Many thanks. Thanks for… b.Not at all. That’s all right. You’re welcome. 6.祝愿，祝賀和應答 Good wishes, congratulations, responses a.Good luck! Best wishes to you. Have a nice/good time. Congratulations! c.Thank you. d.Happy New Year! Merry Christmas! Happy birthday to you. e.The same to you. 7.意愿 Intentions I’m going to… I will... I’d like to… I want/hope to… 8.道歉和應答 Apologies and responses a.I’m sorry. (Sorry.) I’m sorry for/about… Excuse me. b.That’s all right. It doesn’t matter. That’s nothing. 9.遺憾和同情 Regrets and sympathy What a pity! I’m sorry to hear… 10.邀請和應答 Invitations and responses a.Will you come to…? Would you like to…? b.Yes, I’d love to… Yes, it’s very kind/nice of you. c.I’d love to, but… 11.提供（幫助等）和應答 Offers and responses a.Can I help you? What can I do for you? Here, take this/my… Let me…for you. Would you like some…? b.Thanks. That would be nice/fine. Thank you for your help. Yes, please. c.No, thanks/thank you. That’s very kind of you, but… 12.請求允許和應答 Asking for permission and responses a.May I…? Can/Could I…? b.Yes/Certainly. Yes, do please. Of course (you may). That’s Ok/all right. c.I’m sorry, but… You’d better not. 13.表示同意和不同意 Expressing agreement and disagreement a.Certainly/Sure/Of course. Yes, please. Yes, I think so. b.That’s true/OK. That’s a good idea. I agree (with you). c.No, I don’t think so. I’m afraid not. I really can’t agree with you. 14.表示肯定和不肯定 Expressing certainty and uncertainty a.I’m sure. I’m sure (that) … b.I’m not sure. I’m not sure whether/if… c.Maybe/Perhaps 15.喜好和厭惡 Likes and dislikes a.I like/love… (very much). I like/love to… b.I don’t like (to) … I hate (to) … 16.談論天氣 Talking about the weather a.What’s the weather like today? How’s the weather in…? b.It’s fine/cloudy/windy/rainy, etc. It’s rather warm/cold/hot/etc. today, isn’t it? 17.購物 Shopping a.What can I do for you? May/Can I help you? b.I want/I’d like… How much is it? That’s too much/expensive, I’m afraid. That’s fine. I’ll take it. Let me have…kilo/box, etc. c.How many/much do you want? What colour/size/kind do you want? d.Do you have any other kind/size/colour,etc.? 18.問路和應答 Asking the way and responses a.Excuse me. Where’s the men’s/ladies’ room? Excuse me, can you tell me the way to…? How can I get to…? I don’t know the way. b.Go down this street. Turn right/left at the first/second crossing. It’s about …metres from here. 19.問時間或日期和應答 Asking the time or date and responses a.What day is (it) today? What’s the date today? What time is it? What’s the time, please? b.It’s Monday/Tuesday, etc. It’s January 10th. It’s five o,clock/half past five/a quarter to five/five thirty, etc. It’s time for… 20.請求 Requests a.Can/Could you…for me? Will/would you please…? May I have…? b.Please give/pass me… Please wait (here/a moment). Please wait for your turn. Please stand in line/line up. Please hurry. c.Don’t rush/crowd. No noise, please. No smoking, please. 21.勸告和建議 Advice and suggestions a.You’d better… You should… You need (to)… b.Shall we…? Let’s… What /How about…? 22.禁止和警告 Prohibition and warnings a.You can’t/mustn’t… If you…, you’ll… b.Take care ! Be careful ! Look out ! 23.表示感情 Expressing certain emotions a.喜悅 Pleasure, joy I’m glad/pleased/happy to… That’s nice. That’s wonderful/great. b.焦慮 Anxiety What’s wrong? What’s the matter (with you)? I’m/He’s/She’s worried. Oh, what shall I/we do? c.驚奇 Surprise Really? Oh dear? Is that so? 24.就餐 Taking meals a.What would you like to have? Would you like something to eat/drink? b.I’d like… Would you like some more…? Help yourself to some… c.Thank you. I’ve had enough/Just a little, please. 25.約會 Making appointments a.Are you free this afternoon/evening? How about tomorrow morning/afternoon/evening? Shall we meet at 4: 30 at…? b.Yes, that’s all right. Yes, I’ll be free then. c.No, I won’t be free then. But I’ll be free… a. All right. See you then. 26.傳遞信息 Passing on a message a.Will you please give this note/message to…? b.asked me to give you this note. c.Thanks for the message. 27.看病 Seeing the doctor a.There’s something wrong with… I’ve got a cough. I feel terrible(bad). I don’t feel well. I’ve got a pain here. This place hurts. b.Take this medicine three times a day. Drink plenty of water and have a good rest. It’s nothing serious. You’ll be right/well soon. 28.求救 Calling for help a.Help! b.What’s the matter? 29.語言困難 Language difficulties Pardon. Please say that again/more slowly. What do you mean by…? I’m sorry I can’t follow you. I’m sorry I know only a little English. 30.常見的標志和說明 Some common signs and instructions BUSINESS HOURS FRAGILE OFFICE HOURS THIS SIDE UP OPEN MENU CLOSED NO SMOKING PULL NO PARKING PUSH NO PHOTOS ON DANGER! OFF PLAY ENTRANCE STOP EXIT PAUSE INSTRUCTIONS 同學們在中考復習時，首先應熟記教材第一至三冊中出現(xiàn)的常用交際用語和習慣表達法。重點掌握問路、打電話、購物、看病、就餐和談論天氣等六種情景中的表達方法。明確學習交際用語的目的是為了培養(yǎng)與講英語人士進行口頭交際的能力。學習日常交際用語，要了解西方的風土人情，必須記住一些典型的日常交際用語；要明確談話的場合和對象，因為在許多交際場合，怎么問和怎么答都有一些約定俗成的語言；要注意中西文化傳統(tǒng)和背景的不同，使用得體的語言。因此，同學們必須熟悉這些套話，熟練地掌握它們。這樣才能結(jié)合自己所處的環(huán)境，知道在什么時候、什么地方、用什么方式、對什么人使用恰當?shù)恼Z言表達出自己的意思，給予正確的應答，還要能自如應付各種形式的測試，如單項選擇、對號入座、補全對話及排列順序等。 做這類題目的思路和方法歸納起來有以下九點： 1. 要根據(jù)不同的情景，使用不同的表達法。 2. 要正確判斷出對話的情景。 3. 問話或答語不能離題。 4. 用篩選法選擇正確對話。 5. 從語意進行判斷。 6. 根據(jù)習慣用法進行選擇。 7. 答語要符合西方人的文化、風俗和習慣。 8. 要使用文明禮貌的語言。 9. 要遵照口語交際特點，不要死套語法規(guī)則。 【中考范例】 1. (2004年北京市中考試題) ---Would you like to go out for a walk with us? ---_________, but I must finish my homework first. A. Of course not B. That’s all right C. I’d love to D. Yes, I do 【解析】答案：C。該題考查的是如何婉拒別人的邀請。對方邀請出去散步，但因為要做家庭作業(yè)而婉言拒絕。符合這一情景的答語只有C。 2. (2004年江西省中考試題) ---I haven’t seen Jack for three days. Is he ill? ---________. His mother told me that he was in hospital. A. I am afraid so B. I hope not C. I don’t expect D. I am afraid not 【解析】答案：A。該題考查的是如何回答別人的詢問。對方詢問某人是否有病，由于答話人已經(jīng)知道某人有?。◤暮笠痪浯鹫Z可知），只能給出肯定回答。 3. (2004年濟寧市中考試題) ---Thank you for your delicious dinner. ---__________. A. Don’t say that B. It’s nothing C. I don’t think so D. I’m glad you enjoyed it 【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是如何回答別人的感謝和贊揚。說英語國家的人在回答別人的感謝和贊揚時與中國人的習慣不同, 他們不是自我謙虛，而是表示高興。 4. (2004年濟寧市中考試題) Turn the box over, please. Can’t you see the words “________”? A. DANGER B. MENU C. THIS SIDE UP D. FRAGILE 【解析】答案：C。該題考查的是常用英語標志和說明。只有看到箱子上有 “THIS SIDE UP”這樣的標志，才能發(fā)現(xiàn)箱子放倒了，才會讓對方把箱子反過來。 【滿分演練】 一. 單項選擇 1. ---I hope you don’t mind my pointing out your mistakes. ----_________ . A. Not at all B. You’re welcome C. Of course D. It’s a pleasure 2. ---I’m sorry. I’ve broken your cup. ---_______ . A. It doesn’t matter B. Thank you C. Not at all D. Excuse me 3. ---Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow? ---_________ A. It doesn’t matter. B. That’s nothing. C. Good idea! D. You’re welcome. 4. ---Will you go shopping together with us this Sunday, Jenny? ---Yes, __________. A. I do B. I’d like to C. I’d love to do D. I’m busy 5. ---What a nice meal! Thank you for having us. ---________. A. It doesn’t matter B. It was a pleasure C. Not nice enough D. With pleasure 6. --Wish you a happy New Year! ---________. A. The same to you B. You do too C. The same as you D. You have it too 7. ---Hello. May I speak to Tom Smith? ---Yes. _______. A. My name’s Tom Smith B. I’m Tom Smith C. This is Tom Smith D. Tom Smith’s me 8. ---What are Johnson’s family like? ---____________. A. His family is just like mine B. They all like sports and games C. Oh, it’s really a big one D. They are all warm-hearted and helpful 9. ---Do you mind if I open the door? ---_______. A. No, of course not B. Yes, please C. Yes, you can D. No, you can’t open it 10.---Help yourself to some fruit. ---__________ A. Thank you. B. Yes, I like it very much. C. OK. It’s nothing serious. D. Really? 二. 交際英語 1. ---__________________ ? ---Hold on, please. A. Are you Bruce, please B. Who are you C. Are you at home, Bruce D. May I speak to Bruce, please 2. ---Could you tell me how to get to Peterson Building, please? ---________________. A. Don’t ask me B. Sure. You can take the No.3 bus C. You’re welcome D. Thank you all the same 3. ---Oh, what a nice picture! You draw very well. ---________________. A. Yes, it’s very bad B. Yours is good C. Of course not D. Thank you 4. ---What’s wrong with you? ---_________________. A. I’ve got a headache B. She’ll take some medicine C. I’ve got a new bike D. I’m a doctor 5. ---Happy New Year! ---________________. A. You are happy B. The same to you C. Happy birthday D. Yes, I’m happy, too 6. ---What’s the weather like? ---_______________. A. I like the weather B. It’s sunny C. I don’t like the weather D. It’s rain 7. ---________________? ---It’s Saturday. A. What’s the date B. What time is it C. What day is it today D. How much is it 8. ---Would you like to come to my house for supper? ---__________________. A. I’d love to. But I’m afraid I can’t B. Yes, I can’t C. No, I would D. Yes, I wouldn’t 9. ---What can I do for you, madam? ---__________________. A. I can help myself B. No, I don’t need C. Yes, please help me D. I’d like to buy a pair of shoes of my daughter 10. ---I’ve passed the exam. ---__________________. A. Congratulations! B. Bad luck! C. Thank you for telling me. D. It’s nothing. 三. 補全對話 John: Hello, Jim. May I come in? Jim: Oh, hello, John. Yes, come in, please. John: You don’t look well. What’s the matter? Jim: __1__ John: Oh dear! Why don’t you go to bed for a rest? Jim: __2__ John: shall I call him and tell him you’re ill? Jim: __3__ John: OK. I’ll do that. I’m going to the shops now. Can I get you some medicice? Jim: __4__ John: Yes, of course. Is there anything else I can do? Jim: __5__ John: see you later then. Take care! A. Oh, yes, please. His number is in the phone book. B. No, I’ll be all right. Thanks for your help. C. My head hurts and I feel really hot. D. Could you buy me a bottle of aspirin,please? E. It doesn’t hurt very much. F. I can’t. I will play ping-pong with our teacher this afternoon. G. Do you think it’s a good idea? 【練習答案】 一. 1.A 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.B 6.A 7.C 8.D 9.A 10.A 二.1.D 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.B 6.B 7.C 8.A 9.D 10.A 三. 1.C 2.F 3.A 4.D 5.B |
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