5、現(xiàn)在完成時
現(xiàn)在完成時是由助動詞have和has加過去分詞構(gòu)成的。主要表示此刻以前曾經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作或情況。如: Grain output has greatly increased in the past few years. 這幾年糧食產(chǎn)量有了很大增長。 The area has suffered from disastrous(悲傷的) floods throughout its history.這個地區(qū)歷史上一直遭受水患之苦。 注意:過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別: 現(xiàn)完成時的基本特點是它和現(xiàn)在有密切的聯(lián)系,或是指迄今為止這一段時間的情況,或是過去發(fā)生的事對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果等。而過去時主要強調(diào)過去某時刻所發(fā)生的動作或情況,與現(xiàn)在沒有任何聯(lián)系。如: Up till now we have planted over 10,000 apple trees. 到目前為止我們共種了一萬多棵蘋果樹。 I saw him a minute ago. 我前一會還見到他的。 6、過去進行時 過去進行時是由助動詞be的過去式加上現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成的,主要表示過去某個時刻正在進行的動作。 At that time she was working as an assistant in a physics labatory.那時她在一家物理實驗室做助手。 They took us to see the chemical fibre(纖維) mill that they were building. 他們帶我們?nèi)⒂^了他們正在修建的化纖廠。 7、過去完成時 過去完成時由助動詞had加動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成,主要表示過去某時刻前業(yè)已完成的動作或存在的狀態(tài),其實就是指過去的過去。使用時往往要要在從句中或有一個明確的過去時間狀語。 Before daybreak(黎明,拂曉) they had covered half the distance. 拂曉前他們已經(jīng)走完了大半路程。 No sooner had the rain stopped than they set out again. 雨一停他們就又上路了。 He had not learned any English before he came to the university. 上大學前他一點英語沒學過。 8、一般過去將來時 一般過去將來時由助動詞would加動詞原形構(gòu)成,主要表示從過去某一時間角度看以后將要發(fā)生的動作。含這個時態(tài)的句子常帶一個表示“過去某個時間點”的狀語。這個狀語或是一個短語,或是一個句子。這個時態(tài)常用于:賓語從句或間接引語中。例如: When I thought about it, I wondered what their reaction(反應,反作用) would be. 當我考慮這件事時,我想知道他們的反應是什么。 She told me that she would go on trip to Europe the next day. 她告訴我,她第二天要去歐洲旅行。 Whenever he had time, he would help his mother with some housework. 無論他什么時間有空,他總是幫他媽媽干點家務活。 No matter how difficult the work was , he would keep on doing it until he accomplished it . 不管工作有多難,他總會堅持不懈地把它干完。 9、一般將來完成時 一般將來完成時由shall (will) + have + 過去分詞構(gòu)成。主要表示在將來某時業(yè)已發(fā)生的動作。如: After we finish this text, we‘ll have learned twenty texts. 這課課文結(jié)束后,我們就學了二十課課文了。 By the next month, I‘ll have finished my task. 到下個月,我將完成任務。 They will have hit the year’s target by the end of October. 到十月底他們就可完成全年的指標了。 10、現(xiàn)在完成進行時 現(xiàn)在完成進行時由have(has)been加動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成,表示發(fā)生在過去的某個動作延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或剛剛完成,或許還要繼續(xù)延續(xù)。這種時態(tài)側(cè)重于這個動作的連續(xù)性,或者說不間斷性。例如: I’ve been waiting for you for the whole morning. 整個上午我一直在等你。 It has been raining for three days. 雨連續(xù)下了三天。 Where have you been? 你去哪兒啦? She has been busy preparing the exhibition since we met last time.自我們上次見面以來,她就一直忙著籌備那個展覽。 11、過去完成進行時 過去完成進行時由had been加現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成,表示過去某一時刻之前開始的動作或狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到過去某一時刻。例如: It had been raining cats and dogs for over a week and the downpour(傾盆大雨) had caused landslides(山崩) in many places. 傾盆大雨下了一周,在許多地區(qū)引發(fā)了山崩。 At last they got the telegram they had been expecting. 最后他們收到了他們一直盼望的電報。 |
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