王學(xué)男1, 李永智2 (1.中國教育科學(xué)研究院 數(shù)字教育研究所, 北京 100088; 2.中國教育科學(xué)研究院, 北京 100088) 以下視頻來源于 電化教育研究 本文發(fā)表于《電化教育研究》2024年第8期,轉(zhuǎn)載請與電化教育研究雜志社編輯部聯(lián)系(官方郵箱:dhjyyj@163.com)。 引用請注明參考文獻(xiàn):王學(xué)男,李永智.人工智能與教育變革[J].電化教育研究,2024,45(8):13-21. 責(zé)任編輯:張 絨 校 對:高曉旭 審 核:郭 炯 【參考文獻(xiàn)】 [1] 尼克.人工智能簡史[M].2版.北京:人民郵電出版社,2021:7-57. [2] 劉茜,陳建強.新一代人工智能:從“感知智能”向“認(rèn)知智能”轉(zhuǎn)化[N].光明日報,2021-05-25(9). [3] LI F F, ETCHEMENDY J. No,today's AI isn't sentient. Here's how we know [EB/OL].(2024-05-22)[2024-06-22].https:///collection/time100-voices/6980134/ai-llm-not-sentient/. [4] 劉陽,林倞.多模態(tài)大模型:新一代人工智能技術(shù)范式[M].北京:電子工業(yè)出版社:269-285. [5] 呂巍.匯聚“星星之火” 激活發(fā)展動能——全國政協(xié)十四屆二次會議第三場“委員通道”集體采訪活動采訪實錄[N].人民政協(xié)報,2024-03-11(5). [6] 朱松純.智能學(xué)科的源起、演進(jìn)與趨勢——北京大學(xué)智能學(xué)科的探索與實踐[J].大學(xué)與學(xué)科,2022,3(4):17-26. [7] 曾毅,張倩,趙菲菲,等.從認(rèn)知腦的計算模擬到類腦人工智能[J].人工智能,2022,9(6):28-40. [8] PATEL D,WONG G.GPT-4 architecture, infrastructure, training dataset, costs, vision, moe[EB/OL].(2023-06-10)[2024-06-17].https://www./p/gpt-4-architecture-infrastructure. [9] 杰夫·霍金斯,桑德拉·布拉克斯莉.人工智能的未來[M].賀俊杰,李若子,楊倩,譯.西安:陜西科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社,2001:57-79. [10] 約·馮·諾意曼.計算機與人腦[M].甘子玉,譯.北京:商務(wù)印書館,2011:2. [11] 保羅·萊文森.數(shù)字麥克盧漢:信息化新紀(jì)元指南[M]何道寬,譯.北京:社會科學(xué)文獻(xiàn)出版社,2001:310. [12] 葉蜚聲,徐通鏘.語言學(xué)綱要[M].3版.北京:北京大學(xué)出版社,1997:7-39. [13] POLANYI M. The study of man[M].London:Routledge & Kegan Paul,1957:12. [14] 維特根斯坦.邏輯哲學(xué)論[M].韓林合,譯.北京:商務(wù)印書館,2013:30. [15] 曹斯,羅祖兵.人工智能應(yīng)用于教學(xué)的困境、限度與理路[J].電化教育研究,2024,45(4):88-95. [16] KAPLAN J, MCCANDLISH S, HENIGHAN T, et al. Scaling laws for neural language models[EB/OL].(2020-01-23)[2024-06-28]. https:///10.48550/arXiv.2001.08361. [17] HOFFMANN J, BORGEAUD S, MENSCH A, et al. Training compute-optimal large language models[EB/OL].(2022-03-29)[2024-06-20]. https:///10.48550/arXiv.2203.15556. [18] 彭豪祥.有效教學(xué)反饋的主要特征[J].中國教育學(xué)刊,2009(4):54-57. [19] 陳醒,王國光.國際具身學(xué)習(xí)的研究歷程、理論發(fā)展與技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)向[J].現(xiàn)代遠(yuǎn)程教育研究,2019,31(6):78-88,111. [20] 曾毅.人工智能高端人才應(yīng)有社會責(zé)任感和國際視野[N].中國科學(xué)報,2023-06-07(3). [21] 李永智.教育如何面對人工智能的挑戰(zhàn)[N].中國教育報,2024-03-25(4). [22] 內(nèi)閣府.AI戦略2022[EB/OL].(2022-04-20)[2024-07-02].https://www8.cao./cstp/tougosenryaku/11kai/siryo2_3.pdf. [23] 安德烈亞斯·施萊歇爾.超越PISA:如何建構(gòu)21世紀(jì)學(xué)校體系[M].徐瑾劼,譯.上海:上海教育出版社,2018:18,25. [24] 成尚榮.情感教育激發(fā)成長動力[N].人民日報,2021-08-22(5). [25] 尼古拉斯·卡爾.淺?。夯ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)如何毒化了我們的大腦[M].劉純毅,譯.北京:中信出版社,2010:157-159. [26] LI Y Z. Professional community and 'invisible' technology in service of learning[EB/OL].(2024-02-16)[2024-06-20].https:///pubblicazioni/li_yongzhi_professional_community_and_invisible_technology/. [27] 郝建江,郭炯.智能技術(shù)賦能精準(zhǔn)教學(xué)的實現(xiàn)邏輯[J].電化教育研究,2022,43(6):122-128. [28] 喬東,王梓霖.開放而審慎,開啟教育與生成式人工智能融合的大門[J].教育家,2024(6):27-29. [29] 黎加厚.生成式人工智能對課程教材教法的影響[J].課程·教材·教法,2024,44(2):14-21. [30] 李永智.智慧教育是數(shù)字時代的教育新形態(tài)[J].中國高等教育,2023(Z3):24-26. [31] 李永智.構(gòu)建數(shù)字時代的教育新形態(tài)[N].中國教育報,2024-04-02(4). Artificial Intelligence and Educational Transformation WANG Xuenan1, LI Yongzhi2 (1.Research Institute of Digital Education,China National Academy of Educational Sciences, Beijing 100088; 2.China National Academy of Educational Sciences, Beijing 100088) [Abstract] The rapid iteration of generative artificial intelligence has attracted attention, and the field of education seems to be one of the most directly and profoundly affected areas. For the impact of artificial intelligence, there is a tendency to overestimate the short-term effect and underestimate the long-term effect. From the perspective of historical materialism, this study summarizes the development of artificial intelligence in stages, objectively analyzes its level of development and technical limitations, and judges that it is still fundamentally different from human intelligence, especially in the aspects of higher-order cognition and social emotions. Based on the attitude of rational questioning, this study examines the isomorphic logic between education and artificial intelligence technology principles in six main aspects: structural comparison, logical comparison, symbolic coding, content analysis, interaction mechanism and training mode. The study provides a clear understanding and judgment of the intrinsic correlation and mechanism of action between the two. This study suggests to start from three direct and crucial issues of students' higher-order thinking cultivation, the construction of new teacher-student relationships and the innovation of teaching mode, so as to leverage educational reform by artificial intelligence. [Keywords] Generative Artificial Intelligence; Isomorphic Logic; Educational Transformation;Technical Limitations; Educational Response 基金項目:2023年度中國教育科學(xué)研究院基本科研業(yè)務(wù)費專項資金重大項目“中國智慧教育發(fā)展報告(2023)”(項目編號:GYA2023001) [作者簡介]王學(xué)男(1984—),女,北京人。副研究員,博士,主要從事教育學(xué)原理、教育政策研究。E-mail:wangxun@cnaes.edu.cn。李永智為通信作者,E-mail:liyz@cnaes.edu.cn。 |
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