1 School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
2 Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, China.
3 Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 130 Dong An Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
4 School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
5 School of Public Health and Interdisciplinary Studies, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 0627, New Zealand.
6 Institute of Biomedical Technology, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
7 Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Discovery, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
8 College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518071, Guangdong Province, China.
9 College of Food Engineering and Nutrition Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi Province, China.
10 College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi Province, China.
1 School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
2 Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, China.
3 Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 130 Dong An Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
4 School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
5 School of Public Health and Interdisciplinary Studies, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 0627, New Zealand.
6 Institute of Biomedical Technology, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
7 Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Discovery, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
8 College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518071, Guangdong Province, China.
9 College of Food Engineering and Nutrition Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi Province, China.
10 College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi Province, China.
Background:
Elderly population has been progressively rising in the world, thus the demand for anti-aging heath products to assure longevity as well as to ameliorate age-related complications is also on the rise. Among various anti-aging health products, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) has been gaining attentions of the consumers and the scientific community.
背景：世界上老年人口一直在逐漸增加，因此對(duì)抗衰老健康產(chǎn)品的需求也在上升，以確保長壽和改善與年齡相關(guān)的并發(fā)癥。在各種抗衰老保健品中，煙酰胺單核苷酸（NMN）一直受到消費(fèi)者和科學(xué)界的關(guān)注。
Aim of review:
This article intends to provide an overview on the current knowledge on promises and safety concerns of NMN as an anti-aging health product.
綜述目的：本文旨在概述NMN作為抗衰老保健品的前景和安全問題。
Key scientific concepts of review:
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels in the body deplete with aging and it is associated with downregulation of energy production in mitochondria, oxidative stress, DNA damage, cognitive impairment and inflammatory conditions. However, NMN, as the precursor of NAD+, can slow down this process by elevating NAD+ levels in the body. A number of in vivo studies have indicated affirmative results of therapeutic effects for various age-induced complications with NMN supplementation. One preclinical and one clinical study have been conducted to investigate the safety concerns of NMN administration while a few more human clinical trials are being conducted. As there is a large influx of NMN based anti-aging products on the market, proper clinical investigations are urgently needed to find out the effectiveness and safety of NMN supplementation.
綜述的關(guān)鍵科學(xué)概念：體內(nèi)煙酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸 （NAD + ） 水平隨著年齡的增長而耗盡，它與線粒體能量產(chǎn)生的下調(diào)、氧化應(yīng)激、DNA 損傷、認(rèn)知障礙和炎癥有關(guān)。然而，NMN作為NAD + 的前體，可以通過提高體內(nèi)NAD + 水平來減緩這一過程。許多體內(nèi)研究表明，補(bǔ)充 NMN 對(duì)各種年齡誘發(fā)的并發(fā)癥的治療效果是肯定的。已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)臨床前研究和一項(xiàng)臨床研究，以調(diào)查 NMN 給藥的安全性問題，同時(shí)正在進(jìn)行更多的人體臨床試驗(yàn)。由于市場上有大量基于NMN的抗衰老產(chǎn)品，迫切需要進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)呐R床研究，以找出補(bǔ)充NMN的有效性和安全性。
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. 作者聲明，他們沒有已知的相互競爭的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益或個(gè)人關(guān)系，這些利益或關(guān)系可能會(huì)影響本文所報(bào)告的工作。
Figures
數(shù)字
Graphical abstract 圖形摘要
Graphical abstract
Graphical abstract
Fig. 1
Percentage of global population aged…
圖1 全球老齡化人口占比
Fig. 1
Percentage of global population aged 65 years or over according to the medium-variant…
Fig. 1
Percentage of global population aged 65 years or over according to the medium-variant projection (UN, 2019).
Fig. 2
Chemical structure of nicotinamide mononucleotide…
圖2 煙酰胺單核苷酸的化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)...
Fig. 2
Chemical structure of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN).
Fig. 2
Chemical structure of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN).
Fig. 3
NAD+ biosynthesis pathways in which…
圖3 NAD+生物合成途徑，其中...
Fig. 3
NAD+ biosynthesis pathways in which NMN involves. Biosynthetic pathways of NAD+ in mammalian…
Fig. 3
NAD+ biosynthesis pathways in which NMN involves. Biosynthetic pathways of NAD+ in mammalian cells in which NMN involves are Preiss–Handler and salvage pathways, and the salvage pathway is the major source of NAD+. NAMPT-nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase; ATP-adenosine triphosphate; ADP-adenosine diphosphate; NMNAT-nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase; NRK-nicotinamide riboside kinases; NAPRT-nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase; NADS-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide synthetases.
Fig. 4
Causes for reducing NAD+ levels…
圖4 降低NAD+水平的原因...
Fig. 4
Causes for reducing NAD+ levels when aging and mechanism underlying anti-aging activity of…
Fig. 4
Causes for reducing NAD+ levels when aging and mechanism underlying anti-aging activity of NMN. DNA damage, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress and increasing NAD+ consuming enzymes (sirtuins, CD38/CD157, PARP, TNKS and BST) accelerate NAD degradation. The reduced levels of NAD+ cause downregulation of energy production in mitochondria, leading to aging and various age-associated diseases. NMN supplementation can reinstate NAD+ levels in the body through biosynthesis pathways, reversing the aging process and preventing age-associated diseases.
NAD+ biosynthesis pathways in which NMN involves. Biosynthetic pathways of NAD+ in mammalian cells in which NMN involves are Preiss–Handler and salvage pathways, and the salvage pathway is the major source of NAD+. NAMPT-nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase; ATP-adenosine triphosphate; ADP-adenosine diphosphate; NMNAT-nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase; NRK-nicotinamide riboside kinases; NAPRT-nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase; NADS-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide synthetases.
Song Q, Zhou X, Xu K, Liu S, Zhu X, Yang J.
Song Q, et al.
Adv Nutr. 2023 Nov;14(6):1416-1435. doi: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.08.008. Epub 2023 Aug 22.
Adv Nutr. 2023.
PMID: 37619764
Free PMC article.
Review.
Ru M, Wang W, Zhai Z, Wang R, Li Y, Liang J, Kothari D, Niu K, Wu X.
Ru M, et al.
Food Funct. 2022 Jul 18;13(14):7507-7519. doi: 10.1039/d2fo00525e.
Food Funct. 2022.
PMID: 35678708
Zhu Z, Zhao H, Yang Q, Li Y, Wang R, Adetunji AO, Min L.
Zhu Z, et al.
Anim Biosci. 2024 May;37(5):852-861. doi: 10.5713/ab.23.0379. Epub 2024 Apr 1.
Anim Biosci. 2024.
PMID: 38575134
Free PMC article.
Li Y, Wei ZF, Su L.
Li Y, et al.
Aging Med (Milton). 2024 Feb 15;7(1):90-95. doi: 10.1002/agm2.12284. eCollection 2024 Feb.
Aging Med (Milton). 2024.
PMID: 38571677
Free PMC article.
Review.
Wang S, Han Y, Liu R, Hou M, Neumann D, Zhang J, Wang F, Li Y, Zhao X, Schianchi F, Dai C, Liu L, Nabben M, Glatz JFC, Wu X, Lu X, Li X, Luiken JJFP.
Wang S, et al.
Circ Res. 2024 Mar;134(5):505-525. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.123.322910. Epub 2024 Feb 7.
Circ Res. 2024.
PMID: 38422177
Free PMC article.
United Nations (UN), Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. World population ageing 2019: highlights (ST/ESA/SER.A/430). New York, USA: United Nations; 2019.
聯(lián)合國（UN），經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)事務(wù)部，人口司。2019年世界人口老齡化：亮點(diǎn)（ST/ESA/SER.A/430號(hào)文件）。美國紐約：聯(lián)合國;2019.
Rea I.M., Gibson D.S., McGilligan V., McNerlan S.E., Alexander H.D., Ross O.A. Age and age-related diseases: role of inflammation triggers and cytokines. Front Immunol. 2018;9:586.
-
PMC
-
PubMed
Rea I.M.， Gibson D.S.， McGilligan V.， McNerlan SE， Alexander H.D.， Ross O.A. 年齡和與年齡有關(guān)的疾?。貉装Y觸發(fā)因素和細(xì)胞因子的作用。前免疫。2018;9:586.- PMC - PubMed
Diamanti-Kandarakis E., Dattilo M., Macut D., Duntas L., Gonos E.S., Goulis D.G., et al. Aging and anti-aging: a combo-endocrinology overview. Eur J Endocrinol. 2017;176:283–308.
-
PubMed
Reisman N.R. Anti-aging medicine: the legal issues: legal issues associated with the current and future practice of anti-aging medicine. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2004;59(7):B674–B681.
-
PubMed
Yamamoto T., Byun J., Zhai P., Ikeda Y., Oka S., Sadoshima J. Nicotinamide mononucleotide, an intermediate of NAD+ synthesis, protects the heart from ischemia and reperfusion. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(6):e98972.
-
PMC
-
PubMed
