Thalamus. (a) Medial view. The thalamus forms the superior part of the lateral wall of the third ventricle. The hypothalamic sulcus is the border between the thalamus above and hypothalamus below. (b) Superolateral view of the position of the thalamus in the lateral ventricle. The thalamus is located in the center of the lateral ventricle at the upper end of the brainstem. The anterior thalamic nucleus (tubercle) forms the posterior edge of the foramen of Monro. (c) Superior view. The upper margin of the thalamus forms the lateral parts of the floor of the lateral ventricle. The stria terminalis and thalamostriate vein run along the striathalamic sulcus. (d) The fornix wraps around the medial edge of the thalamus, and the caudate nucleus wraps around the lateral edge of the thalamus. (e) Posterolateral view. The left thalamus was removed to expose the subthalamic nucleus and red nucleus. The pulvinar is the posterolateral part of the thalamus.
A diagram and overview of the various perforator territories together with the most important anatomic elements of the central core. 1 denotes head of caudate nucleus; 2, body of caudate nucleus; 3, body/tail junction of caudate nucleus; 4, tail of caudate nucleus; 5, amygdala; 6, anterior limb of internal capsule; 7, genu of internal capsule; 8, posterior limb of internal capsule; 9, pulvinar; 10, optic tract; 11, putamen; and 12, globus pallidus. ACA indicates anterior cerebral artery; AChA, anterior choroidal artery; ACom, anterior communicating artery; ICA, internal carotid artery; LLSA, lateral lenticulostriate arteries; LPChA, lateral posterior choroidal arteries; MCA, middle cerebral artery; MLSA, medial lenticulostriate arteries; MPChA, medial posterior choroidal arteries; PCA, posterior cerebral artery; PCom, posterior communicating artery; and RAH, recurrent artery of Heubner.丘腦靜脈分為淺靜脈和深靜脈。某些丘腦靜脈走行在腦室表面，另一些走行于基底池中。(h,i) Superior and lateral views of the venous anatomy of the thalamus. 丘腦前靜脈和丘腦上淺靜脈穿過丘腦表面匯入大腦內(nèi)靜脈。丘腦淺組靜脈沿著丘腦的腦室面走行在室管膜下，并匯入腦室、中間帆或基底池的相鄰靜脈。丘腦深部靜脈分為丘腦前、丘腦上、丘腦下和丘腦后靜脈。丘腦前靜脈引流丘腦的前上部分，并終止于大腦內(nèi)靜脈、透明膈前靜脈、丘狀靜脈、尾狀核前靜脈或其他該區(qū)域的小靜脈。丘腦上靜脈是最大的丘腦靜脈。它起源自丘腦的中央上部，向內(nèi)側(cè)沿丘腦內(nèi)表面靠近丘腦髓紋處延伸，再向后走行至中間帆內(nèi)的大腦內(nèi)靜脈下方，最終止于大腦內(nèi)靜脈或大腦大靜脈。丘腦下靜脈起源自丘腦的前下部分，橫穿過后穿質(zhì)，匯入后交通靜脈或大腦腳靜脈。丘腦后靜脈引流丘腦的后下部分，匯入基底靜脈后方，或匯入中腦后外側(cè)表面的靜脈。丘腦的主要核團(tuán)
