弗洛伊德   著作弗洛伊德 

李俊宏   翻譯

韓誠(chéng)一、范鈞杰  校對(duì)

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A child is being beaten

一個(gè)被打的小孩

I

It is surprising how often people who seek analytic treatment for hysteria or an obsessional neurosis confess to having indulged in the phantasy: 'A child is being beaten.’ Very probably there are still more frequent instances of it among the far greater number of people who have not been obliged to come to analysis by manifest illness. 

令人驚奇的是，那些由于癔癥和強(qiáng)迫性神經(jīng)癥前來(lái)尋求分析治療的人往往會(huì)坦白他們沉溺于“一個(gè)孩子正在被打”的幻想。很可能在更多的人中存在這樣的例子，但這些人由于沒(méi)有表現(xiàn)出明顯的疾病而沒(méi)有前來(lái)尋求分析。

The phantasy has feelings of pleasure attached to it, and on their account the patient has reproduced it on innumerable occasions in the past or may even still be doing so. At the climax of the imaginary situation there is almost invariably a masturbatory satisfaction - carried out, that is to say, on the genitals. At first this takes place voluntarily, but later on it does so in spite of the patient's efforts, and with the characteristics of an obsession. 

這種幻想帶有一種快感，因此病人曾多次重復(fù)這一幻想，并且可能現(xiàn)在仍這樣做。在這一想象情形的頂點(diǎn)，總是會(huì)伴隨一種手淫性滿足——即發(fā)生在生殖器上。起初這種行為可能是自愿的，但之后病人會(huì)不顧父母的阻止而堅(jiān)持這樣做。它因此帶有強(qiáng)迫癥的特征。

It is only with hesitation that this phantasy is confessed to. Its first appearance is recollected with uncertainty. The analytic treatment of the topic is met by unmistakable resistance. Shame and a sense of guilt are perhaps more strongly excited in this connection than when similar accounts are given of memories of the beginning of sexual life. Eventually it becomes possible to establish that the first phantasies of the kind were entertained very early in life: certainly before school age, and not later than in the fifth or sixth year. When the child was at school and saw other children being beaten by the teacher, then, if the phantasies had become dormant, this experience called them up again, or, if they were still present, it reinforced them and noticeably modified their content. From that time forward it was 'an indefinite number’ of children that were being beaten. The influence of the school was so clear that the patients concerned were at first tempted to trace back their beating-phantasies exclusively to these impressions of school life, which dated from later than their sixth year. But it was never possible for them to maintain that position; the phantasies had already been in existence before. 

這種幻想總是以一種猶豫、躊躇的方式被說(shuō)出來(lái)。我們難以確認(rèn)它的首次出現(xiàn)。對(duì)這一主題的分析治療總是遭到明顯的抵抗。相比于性生活開(kāi)端的記憶，在這種情況下，羞恥和一種罪惡感表現(xiàn)的更加強(qiáng)烈。因此我們或許可以證實(shí)這類重要的幻想可能很早就存在于生活中：一定在學(xué)齡前，并且不晚于五六歲。當(dāng)一個(gè)孩子在學(xué)校看見(jiàn)其他孩子被老師打的時(shí)候，1）如果這種被打的幻想已陷入沉睡，那它就會(huì)被這種經(jīng)歷所喚醒；2）如果它一直在場(chǎng)，這一經(jīng)歷就會(huì)強(qiáng)化它，并且改變其內(nèi)容。從那時(shí)起，便會(huì)有“數(shù)不清”的孩子正在被打。學(xué)校的影響是顯而易見(jiàn)的：病人總是首先嘗試將且只將這種毆打-幻想追溯到六歲以后的學(xué)校生活中的某些記憶中。但他們不可能堅(jiān)持這一立場(chǎng)，因?yàn)榛孟朐缫研纬伞?/p>

Though in the higher forms at school the children were no longer beaten, the influence of such occasions was replaced and more than replaced by the effects of reading, of which the importance was soon to be felt. In my patients’ milieu it was almost always the same books whose contents gave a new stimulus to the beating-phantasies: those accessible to young people, such as what was known as the 'Bibliothèque rose’, Uncle Tom's Cabin, etc. The child began to compete with these works of fiction by producing his own phantasies and by constructing a wealth of situations and institutions, in which children were beaten, or were punished and disciplined in some other way, because of their naughtiness and bad behaviour.

盡管在學(xué)校的高年級(jí)中，孩子不再被打了，但這些場(chǎng)合的影響被閱讀的影響所代替，但又不僅僅只是被代替。閱讀的重要性很快就被認(rèn)知到。在我一些病人的情形中，總是同一些書的內(nèi)容對(duì)毆打-幻想產(chǎn)生了新的刺激：那些能被年輕人輕易接觸到的書，比如《玫瑰書庫(kù)[1]》，《湯姆叔叔的小屋》等等。通過(guò)制造自身的幻想和構(gòu)建大量的情形，兒童開(kāi)始與這類虛構(gòu)作品競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。在這些情形中，兒童由于他們的調(diào)皮和不良行為以其他的方式被懲罰或訓(xùn)誡。

This phantasy - 'a child is being beaten’ - was invariably cathected with a high degree of pleasure and had its issue in an act of pleasurable auto-erotic satisfaction. It might therefore be expected that the sight of another child being beaten at school would also be a source of similar enjoyment. But as a matter of fact this was never so. The experience of real scenes of beating at school produced in the child who witnessed them a peculiarly excited feeling which was probably of a mixed character and in which repugnance had a large share. In a few cases the real experience of the scenes of beating was felt to be intolerable. Moreover, it was always a condition of the more sophisticated phantasies of later years that the punishment should do the children no serious injury. 

“一個(gè)孩子正在被打”，這一幻想總是被投注了高度的愉悅感。它來(lái)源于一種快樂(lè)的自體性欲（auto-erotic）滿足行為。因此我們可能認(rèn)為，在學(xué)校里看到另一個(gè)孩子正在被打的場(chǎng)景可能也會(huì)成為類似享樂(lè)的來(lái)源。但實(shí)際上并非如此。在學(xué)校被打的真實(shí)場(chǎng)景會(huì)在那個(gè)看到這一幕的孩子心中產(chǎn)生一種強(qiáng)烈的興奮感。這種興奮感帶有復(fù)雜的特征，并且厭惡感在其中占據(jù)了很大一部分。而在一些情形中，被打這一場(chǎng)景的真實(shí)體驗(yàn)則是無(wú)法忍受的。并且，在之后的歲月里，更復(fù)雜的幻想總是帶有這樣一個(gè)條件，那就是懲罰不應(yīng)該對(duì)孩子們?cè)斐蓢?yán)重傷害。

The question was bound to arise of what relation there might be between the importance of the beating-phantasies and the part that real corporal punishment might have played in the child's bringing up at home. It was impossible, on account of the one-sidedness of the material, to confirm the first suspicion that the relation was an inverse one. The individuals from whom the data for these analyses were derived were very seldom beaten in their childhood, or were at all events not brought up by the help of the rod. Naturally, however, each of these children was bound to have become aware at one time or another of the superior physical strength of its parents or educators; the fact that in every nursery the children themselves at times come to blows requires no special emphasis. 

隨之而來(lái)的問(wèn)題就是：毆打-幻想的重要性和在兒童家庭成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中上演的真實(shí)體罰會(huì)有何種聯(lián)系。由于材料的片面性，我們不可能證實(shí)最初的懷疑，即這兩者的關(guān)系是此消彼長(zhǎng)的。在這些資料所來(lái)源的個(gè)人中，他們?cè)谕陼r(shí)期很少被打，或者完全不是在棍棒教育中長(zhǎng)大的。但自然而然地，每一個(gè)人都會(huì)在某個(gè)時(shí)期感受到其父母或者教育者體力的優(yōu)越性。下面這一事實(shí)無(wú)需強(qiáng)調(diào)：在每一個(gè)幼兒園中，兒童可能時(shí)不時(shí)地被打。

As regards the early and simple phantasies which could not be obviously traced to the influence of school impressions or of scenes taken from books, further information would have been welcome. Who was the child that was being beaten? The one who was himself producing the phantasy or another? Was it always the same child or as often as not a different one? Who has it that was beating the child? A grown-up person? And if so, who? Or did the child imagine that he himself was beating another one? Nothing could be ascertained that threw any light upon all these questions - only the hesitant reply: 'I know nothing more about it: a child is being beaten.’

對(duì)于這些早期而簡(jiǎn)單的，卻又無(wú)法被明確地追溯至學(xué)校印象或是書中場(chǎng)景影響的幻想，我們需要進(jìn)一步的信息。誰(shuí)是被打的孩子？是產(chǎn)生幻想的本人還是其他人？是否都是同一個(gè)人還是會(huì)經(jīng)常被變換對(duì)象？誰(shuí)是打孩子的人？一個(gè)成年人？如果的確如此，那又是誰(shuí)呢？或者孩子幻想他正在打別人？沒(méi)有任何東西能解釋所有這些問(wèn)題。只有一個(gè)遲疑不定的回答：“我只知道如下的事實(shí)：'一個(gè)孩子正在被打’?！?/p>

Enquiries as to the sex of the child that was being beaten met with more success, but none the less brought no enlightenment. Sometimes the answer was: 'Always boys', or 'Only girls'; more often it was: 'I don't know, or 'It doesn't matter which'. But the point to which the questions were directed, the discovery of some constant relation between the sex of the child producing the phantasy and that of the child that was being beaten, was never established. Now and again another characteristic detail of the content of the phantasy came to light: 'A small child is being beaten on its naked bottom.’ 

關(guān)于被打的孩子的性別的問(wèn)詢?nèi)〉昧烁蟮某晒?，但卻沒(méi)有帶來(lái)任何啟示。有時(shí)候答案是：“總是男孩”或“總是女孩”；但經(jīng)常是“我不知道”或“這不重要”。但是問(wèn)題指向的那一點(diǎn)，即在產(chǎn)生幻覺(jué)的孩子的性別和被毆打的孩子的性別之間某種恒常聯(lián)系的發(fā)現(xiàn)，從未被確定下來(lái)。有時(shí)，幻想內(nèi)容的另一個(gè)典型細(xì)節(jié)時(shí)不時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)：“一個(gè)小孩正被在打裸露的屁股上?！?/p>

In these circumstances it was impossible at first even to decide whether the pleasure attaching to the beating-phantasy was to be described as sadistic or masochistic. 

在這些情形中，一開(kāi)始甚至可能無(wú)法確定和毆打-幻想聯(lián)系在一起的快樂(lè)，究竟應(yīng)該被描述為虐待性的還是受虐性的。

II

A phantasy of this kind, arising, perhaps from accidental causes, in early childhood and retained for the purpose of auto-erotic satisfaction, can, in the light of our present knowledge, only be regarded as a primary trait of perversion. One of the components of the sexual function has, it seems, developed in advance of the rest, has made itself prematurely independent, has undergone fixation and in consequence been withdrawn from the later processes of development, and has in this way given evidence of a peculiar and abnormal constitution in the individual. We know that an infantile perversion of this sort need not persist for a whole lifetime; later on it can be subjected to repression, be replaced by a reaction-formation, or be transformed by sublimation. (It is possible that sublimation arises out of some special process which would be held back by repression.) But if these processes do not take place, then the perversion persists to maturity; and whenever we find a sexual aberration in adults - perversion, fetishism, inversion - we are justified in expecting that anamnestic investigation will reveal an event such as I have suggested, leading to a fixation in childhood. Indeed, long before the days of psycho-analysis, observers like Binet were able to trace the strange sexual aberrations of maturity back to similar impressions and to precisely the same period of childhood, namely, the fifth or sixth year. But at this point the enquiry was confronted with the limitations of our knowledge; for the impressions that brought about the fixation were without any traumatic force. They were for the most part commonplace and unexciting to other people. It was impossible to say why the sexual impulse had undergone fixation particularly upon them. It was possible, however, to look for their significance in the fact that they offered an occasion for fixation (even though it was an accidental one) to precisely that component which was prematurely developed and ready to press forward. We had in any case to be prepared to come to a provisional end somewhere or other in tracing back the train of causal connection; and the congenital constitution seemed exactly to correspond with what was required for a stopping-place of that kind. 

這類幻想可能是由偶然原因所導(dǎo)致的。它出現(xiàn)于早期的童年生活，并且由于自體性欲滿足的目的而被保留下來(lái)。根據(jù)我們現(xiàn)有的知識(shí)來(lái)看，我們只能將其視為性變態(tài)的一種初級(jí)特征。性功能的某一成分似乎在其他部分之前就發(fā)展起來(lái)。它使自身過(guò)早的獨(dú)立，經(jīng)過(guò)固置（fixation）而退出了之后的發(fā)展過(guò)程。它通過(guò)這一方式證明了在個(gè)體中存在一種特殊和反常的構(gòu)造。我們知道這種類型的幼兒性變態(tài)可能并不會(huì)持續(xù)一生：之后它可能屈服于壓抑，被反應(yīng)-形成所代替，或者通過(guò)升華轉(zhuǎn)化（這種升華可能產(chǎn)生于某些壓抑功能所抑制的特殊過(guò)程）。但如果這些過(guò)程沒(méi)有發(fā)生，性倒錯(cuò)就會(huì)一直持續(xù)到成年期。無(wú)論我們?cè)诤螘r(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)成年人中的性倒錯(cuò)——變態(tài)（性目標(biāo)方面的變異）、戀物癖、性倒置（性對(duì)象方面的變異）——我們都有理由期待對(duì)回憶的調(diào)查可能會(huì)解釋我所提出的那種東西。正是這種東西導(dǎo)致了童年時(shí)期的一種固置。實(shí)際上，在精神分析之前，像Binet一樣的觀察者就能夠?qū)⒊赡陼r(shí)期稀奇古怪的性倒錯(cuò)追溯至一些類似的記憶，而且恰恰是童年的這一時(shí)期，即5至6歲。但就這一點(diǎn)來(lái)說(shuō)，調(diào)查面臨著我們現(xiàn)有知識(shí)的限制，因?yàn)楣讨冒l(fā)生的記憶沒(méi)有受到任何創(chuàng)傷性力量的影響。對(duì)其他人來(lái)說(shuō)，它們多半是尋常的。我們不能解釋性沖動(dòng)為什么只在他們身上發(fā)生了固置。但我們可以如下的事實(shí)中尋找其意義：即他們正好給沖動(dòng)的那個(gè)要素提供了固置的機(jī)會(huì)（即使是偶然的）。這一要素過(guò)早地發(fā)展起來(lái)并向前推進(jìn)。無(wú)論如何，我們必須準(zhǔn)備好在某個(gè)地方暫時(shí)結(jié)束我們對(duì)因果關(guān)系的追查。先天性的體質(zhì)似乎完全符合這類要求。

If the sexual component which has broken loose prematurely is the sadistic one, then we may expect, on the basis of knowledge derived from other sources, that its subsequent repression will result in a disposition to an obsessional neurosis. This expectation cannot be said to be contradicted by the results of enquiry. The present short paper is based on the exhaustive study of six cases (four female and two male). Of these, two were cases of obsessional neurosis; one extremely severe and incapacitating, the other of moderate severity and quite well accessible to influence. There was also a third case which at all events exhibited clearly marked individual traits of obsessional neurosis. The fourth case, it must be admitted, was one of straightforward hysteria, with pains and inhibitions; and the fifth patient, who had come to be analysed merely on account of indecisiveness in life, would not have been classified at all by coarse clinical diagnosis, or would have been dismissed as 'psychasthenic’. There is no need for feeling disappointed over these statistics. In the first place, we know that not every disposition is necessarily developed into a disorder; in the second place, we ought to be content to explain the facts before us, and ought as a rule to avoid the additional task of making it clear why something has not taken place. 

如果過(guò)早擺脫的性要素是虐待性的，那么我們可能根據(jù)其他來(lái)源的知識(shí)推測(cè)，隨之而來(lái)的壓抑會(huì)導(dǎo)致一種強(qiáng)迫性神經(jīng)癥的傾向。這種推測(cè)不會(huì)與調(diào)查結(jié)果相悖。這篇簡(jiǎn)短的論文立足于六個(gè)案例的詳盡研究（四個(gè)女性兩個(gè)男性）。其中，兩個(gè)是強(qiáng)迫性神經(jīng)癥：一個(gè)極其嚴(yán)重并且喪失了生活能力。另一種則是中度嚴(yán)重，并且較容易受影響。而第三個(gè)案例則表現(xiàn)出明顯的強(qiáng)迫性神經(jīng)癥的個(gè)體特征。第四個(gè)案例，必須承認(rèn)是一種明確的癔癥。它伴隨著痛苦和禁令。而第五個(gè)病人只是由于在生活中猶豫不決而前來(lái)分析。他不能通過(guò)粗略的臨床診斷歸類，充其量只是“精神衰弱”。無(wú)需對(duì)這些數(shù)據(jù)感到失望。首先，我們知道并每一種傾向都會(huì)發(fā)展成疾??；其次，我們應(yīng)該滿足于解釋我們眼前的事情，并且通常應(yīng)該避免額外的任務(wù)，即明確有些事情為什么沒(méi)有發(fā)生。

The present state of our knowledge would allow us to make our way so far and no further towards the comprehension of beating-phantasies. In the mind of the analytic physician, it is true, there remains an uneasy suspicion that this is not a final solution of the problem. He is obliged to admit to himself that to a great extent these phantasies subsist apart from the rest of the content of a neurosis, and find no proper place in its structure. But impressions of this kind, as I know from my own experience, are only too willingly put on one side.

我們現(xiàn)有的知識(shí)不能讓我們?cè)跉?幻想的理解上走的更遠(yuǎn)的。在分析師的腦海中，的確存在一種令人不安的懷疑，即這不是問(wèn)題的最終解決方式。分析師必須對(duì)自己承認(rèn)，在很大程度上，這些幻想不同于神經(jīng)癥的其他內(nèi)容，并且在其結(jié)構(gòu)中沒(méi)有立足之地。但從我自身的經(jīng)歷來(lái)看，這類記憶反而太希望被放在一邊了。

III

Strictly considered - and why should this question not be considered with all possible strictness? - analytic work deserves to be recognized as genuine psycho-analysis only when it has succeeded in removing the amnesia which conceals from the adult his knowledge of his childhood from its beginning (that is, from about the second to the fifth year). This cannot be said among analysts too emphatically or repeated too often. The motives for disregarding this reminder are, indeed, intelligible. It would be desirable to obtain practical results in a shorter period and with less trouble. But at the present time theoretical knowledge is still far more important to all of us than therapeutic success, and anyone who neglects childhood analysis is bound to fall into the most disastrous errors. The emphasis which is laid here upon the importance of the earliest experiences does not imply any underestimation of the influence of later ones. But the later impressions of life speak loudly enough through the mouth of the patient, while it is the physician who has to raise his voice on behalf of the claims of childhood. 

嚴(yán)格來(lái)說(shuō)——為什么這一問(wèn)題不能被盡可能嚴(yán)格的思考呢？——只有在分析工作成功消除了成年人對(duì)其童年開(kāi)端（即2-5歲）的記憶缺失時(shí)，它才能被認(rèn)為是真正的精神分析工作。但分析者不能太過(guò)強(qiáng)調(diào)或是過(guò)度重復(fù)這一說(shuō)法。事實(shí)上，忘記這一要求的動(dòng)機(jī)是明智的。在更短的時(shí)間內(nèi)，較為準(zhǔn)確的獲得實(shí)踐結(jié)果的做法是可取的。但現(xiàn)在，理論知識(shí)對(duì)我們所有人來(lái)說(shuō)都比治療的成功更為重要，并且任何忽視童年分析的人必定會(huì)陷入一些最為嚴(yán)重的錯(cuò)誤。我所要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是：最早期經(jīng)歷的重要性并不意味著忽視后期生活的重要性。但后期生活的記憶已經(jīng)通過(guò)病人的話語(yǔ)被道出了。因而分析師要做的就是為其病人的童年需求發(fā)聲。

It is in the years of childhood between the ages of two and four or five that the congenital libidinal factors are first awakened by actual experiences and become attached to certain complexes. The beating-phantasies which are now under discussion show themselves only towards the end of this period or after its termination. So it may quite well be that they have an earlier history, that they go through a process of development, that they represent an end-product and not an initial manifestation.

正是在二至四五歲間的童年階段，先天力比多因子被現(xiàn)實(shí)經(jīng)歷所喚醒，并且與某些情結(jié)聯(lián)系在一起。我們所探討的毆打-幻想只有在這一階段的末期或者這一階段結(jié)束后才表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。所以它們很可能有一段早期歷史，并且經(jīng)歷了發(fā)展的過(guò)程，代表了一種最終產(chǎn)品而不是原初性的顯現(xiàn)。

This suspicion is confirmed by analysis. A systematic application of it shows that beating-phantasies have a historical development which is by no means simple, and in the course of which they are changed in most respects more than once as regards their relation to the author of the phantasy, and as regards their object, their content and their significance.

這一懷疑被分析所證實(shí)。系統(tǒng)的分析表明毆打-幻想有一個(gè)歷史性的、復(fù)雜的發(fā)展階段。在這一過(guò)程中，它們?cè)诙鄠€(gè)方面發(fā)生了多次轉(zhuǎn)變，比如它們與幻想者的關(guān)系，與幻想對(duì)象、內(nèi)容及其意義的關(guān)系。

In order to make it easier to follow these transformations in beating-phantasies I shall now venture to confine my descriptions to the female cases, which, since they are four as against two, in any case constitute the greater part of my material. Moreover, beating-phantasies in men are connected with another subject, which I shall leave on one side in this paper. In my description I shall be careful to avoid being more schematic than is inevitable for the presentation of an average case. If then on further observation a greater complexity of circumstances should come to light, I shall nevertheless be sure of having before us a typical occurrence, and one, moreover, that is not of an uncommon kind.

為了更容易地追尋毆打-幻想中的這些轉(zhuǎn)變，我嘗試將我的描述局限于四個(gè)女性案例。因?yàn)樗鼈冋紦?jù)了我材料的大多數(shù)（四個(gè)對(duì)二個(gè)）。并且，男性的毆打-幻想與另一個(gè)主體有關(guān)。在這篇文章中我將其置于一邊。在我的描述中，我會(huì)盡量避免像介紹一般案例那樣簡(jiǎn)化它們。如果之后通過(guò)進(jìn)一步的觀察，這些情形更為復(fù)雜了，我也仍舊確信我們面前有一個(gè)典型的案例和一個(gè)并不罕見(jiàn)的情形。

The first phase of beating-phantasies among girls, then, must belong to a very early period of childhood. Some features remain curiously indefinite, as though they were a matter of indifference. The scanty information given by the patients in their first statement, 'a child is being beaten', seems to be justified in respect to this phase. But another of their features can be established with certainty, and to the same effect in every case. The child being beaten is never the one producing the phantasy, but is invariably another child, most often a brother or a sister if there is any. Since this other child may be a boy or a girl, there is no constant relation between the sex of the child producing the phantasy and that of the child being beaten. The phantasy, then, is certainly not masochistic. It would be tempting to call it sadistic, but one cannot neglect the fact that the child producing the phantasy is never doing the beating herself. The actual identity of the person who does the beating remains obscure at first. Only this much can be established: it is not a child but an adult. Later on this indeterminate grown-up person becomes recognizable clearly and unambiguously as the (girl's) father. 

在女孩間，毆打-幻想的第一階段一定屬于童年時(shí)期非常早的階段。但一些特征仍舊非常模糊，令人好奇，仿佛他們毫不重要。病人在她們的首個(gè)陳述“一個(gè)孩子正在被打”中所給出的極少量的信息，就這一階段來(lái)看似乎是理所應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)摹５@些幻想的另一個(gè)特征是明確的，并且該特征在每個(gè)案例中的效果是相同的——被打的孩子永遠(yuǎn)不是產(chǎn)生幻想的人，而總是另一個(gè)人。倘若患者有兄弟姐妹的話，就會(huì)是他們。由于這個(gè)小孩既可能是男孩也可能是女孩，在產(chǎn)生幻想的人和被打的孩子這兩者的性別上沒(méi)有恒常的聯(lián)系。我們很容易將其稱之為虐待性的，但我們不能忽視如下的事實(shí)，即產(chǎn)生幻想的孩子不會(huì)自己親自實(shí)施這一行為。起初那個(gè)打孩子的人的身份是模糊不清的。我們只能確定他不是一個(gè)小孩，而是一個(gè)成年人。之后這一身份模糊的成年人被清晰地認(rèn)出是女孩的父親。

This first phase of the beating-phantasy is therefore completely represented by the phrase: 'My father is beating the child.’ I am betraying a great deal of what is to be brought forward later when instead of this I say: 'My father is beating the child whom I hate.’ Moreover, one may hesitate to say whether the characteristics of a 'phantasy’ can yet be ascribed to this first step towards the later beating-phantasy. It is perhaps rather a question of recollections of events which have been witnessed, or of desires which have arisen on various occasions. But these doubts are of no importance.

因此，毆打-幻想的第一階段完全可以被下面的這句話描述：“我的父親正在打一個(gè)孩子?！碑?dāng)我說(shuō)：“我的父親正在打一個(gè)我厭惡的孩子”時(shí)，我違背了我之后想要提出的東西。并且，有人可能會(huì)遲疑幻想的這些特征是否能被歸因于之后的毆打-幻想的初級(jí)階段。這可能是一個(gè)關(guān)于目睹過(guò)的事件的回憶或者不同場(chǎng)合下所產(chǎn)生的欲望的問(wèn)題。但這些疑慮并不重要。

Profound transformations have taken place between this first phase and the next. It is true that the person beating remains the same (that is, the father); but the child who is beaten has been changed into another one and is now invariably the child producing the phantasy. The phantasy is accompanied by a high degree of pleasure, and has now acquired a significant content, with the origin of which we shall be concerned later. Now, therefore, the wording runs: 'I am being beaten by my father.’ It is of an unmistakably masochistic character.

在這第一個(gè)階段及其接下來(lái)的階段之間發(fā)生了深刻轉(zhuǎn)變。打人的人的確是相同的（即父親）；但被打的孩子會(huì)不斷的變換身份，而現(xiàn)在則變成了產(chǎn)生幻想的孩子。這一幻想伴隨著高度的快感，并且現(xiàn)在獲得了某種重要的內(nèi)容。我們會(huì)在之后探討這一內(nèi)容的起源。因此，現(xiàn)在那句話變成了：“我在被我的父親打?！彼鼰o(wú)疑帶有受虐性的特征。

This second phase is the most important and the most momentous of all. But we may say of it in a certain sense that it has never had a real existence. It is never remembered, it has never succeeded in becoming conscious. It is a construction of analysis, but it is no less a necessity on that account. 

第二個(gè)階段是所有階段中最為重要的。但在某種意義上，我們可以說(shuō)它從未存在過(guò)。它從未被記住，從未踏入意識(shí)。它是分析工作所產(chǎn)生的。但盡管如此，它仍然是必需的。

The third phase once more resembles the first. It has the wording which is familiar to us from the patient's statement. The person beating is never the father, but is either left undetermined just as in the first phase, or turns in a characteristic way into a representative of the father, such as a teacher. The figure of the child who is producing the beating-phantasy no longer itself appears in it. In reply to pressing enquiries the patients only declare: 'I am probably looking on.’ Instead of the one child that is being beaten, there are now a number of children present as a rule. Most frequently it is boys who are being beaten (in girls’ phantasies), but none of them is personally known to the subject. The situation of being beaten, which was originally simple and monotonous, may go through the most complicated alterations and elaborations; and punishments and humiliations of another kind may be substituted for the beating itself. But the essential characteristic which distinguishes even the simplest phantasies of this phase from those of the first, and which establishes the connection with the intermediate phase, is this: the phantasy now has strong and unambiguous sexual excitement attached to it, and so provides a means for masturbatory satisfaction. But this is precisely what is puzzling. By what path has the phantasy of strange and unknown boys being beaten (a phantasy which has by this time become sadistic) found its way into the permanent possession of the little girl's libidinal trends? 

第三個(gè)階段和第一個(gè)階段相似。它的措辭是我們經(jīng)常從病人口中聽(tīng)到的。打人的人不再是父親，它或是像第一階段一樣懸而未決，或是以一種特有的方式變成了父親的代表，比如老師。產(chǎn)生幻想的孩子的形象不再出現(xiàn)在幻想中。面對(duì)步步緊逼的質(zhì)詢，病人只是宣稱：“我很可能只是看著?！辈辉僦挥幸粋€(gè)孩子被打，通常會(huì)有一群孩子在場(chǎng)。（在女孩的幻想中，）被打的人通常是男孩。但這些男孩都不是主體所認(rèn)識(shí)的。這一起初簡(jiǎn)單的被打情境可能經(jīng)過(guò)了一系列最為復(fù)雜的選擇。并且對(duì)另一個(gè)人的懲罰和羞辱可能代替的對(duì)他的毆打。但區(qū)分這一階段最簡(jiǎn)單的幻想和第一階段幻想，并且與過(guò)渡性階段建立起聯(lián)系的關(guān)鍵特征是如下這一個(gè)：幻想如今帶有強(qiáng)烈、清晰的性快感，因此提供了一種自慰滿足的方式。但這恰恰是令人驚訝的。陌生男孩被打的幻想（這是一種在此之前就變得虐待性的幻想）是通過(guò)何種途徑永久性地控制小女孩的性傾向呢？

Nor can we conceal from ourselves that the interrelations and sequence of the three phases of the beating-phantasy, as well as all its other peculiarities, have so far remained quite unintelligible.

我們不能忽視那些迄今仍令人費(fèi)解的毆打-幻想的三個(gè)階段之間的聯(lián)系和它的其他獨(dú)特性。

IV

If the analysis is carried through the early period to which the beating-phantasies are referred and from which they are recollected, it shows us the child involved in the agitations of its parental complex. 

倘若分析進(jìn)行到毆打-幻想所涉及的早期階段，那么這種分析就會(huì)向我們展現(xiàn)搖擺于父母情結(jié)之間的兒童。

The affections of the little girl are fixed on her father, who has probably done all he could to win her love, and in this way has sown the seeds of an attitude of hatred and rivalry towards her mother. This attitude exists side by side with a current of affectionate dependence on her, and as years go on it may be destined to come into consciousness more and more clearly and forcibly, or else to give an impetus to an excessive reaction of devotion to her. But it is not with the girl's relation to her mother that the beating-phantasy is connected. There are other children in the nursery, only a few years older or younger, who are disliked on all sorts of other grounds, but chiefly because the parents' love has to be shared with them, and for this reason they are repelled with all the wild energy characteristic of the emotional life of those years. If the child in question is a younger brother or sister (as in three of my four cases) it is despised as well as hated; yet it attracts to itself the share of affection which the blinded parents are always ready to give the youngest child, and this is a spectacle the sight of which cannot be avoided. One soon learns that being beaten, even if it does not hurt very much, signifies a deprivation of love and a humiliation. And many children who believed themselves securely enthroned in the unshakable affection of their parents have by a single blow been cast down from all the heavens of their imaginary omnipotence. The idea of the father beating this hateful child is therefore an agreeable one, quite apart from whether he has actually been seen doing so. It means: 'My father does not love this other child, he loves only me.’

小女孩的感情固著在她的父親身上，后者同樣竭盡全力獲得前者的愛(ài)。通過(guò)這種方式，父親在女孩心中撒下了對(duì)其母親憎恨和敵對(duì)態(tài)度的種子。這種態(tài)度和一種對(duì)母親的情感依賴并存，并且隨著歲月的流逝，它注定會(huì)越來(lái)越清晰并且強(qiáng)迫性地進(jìn)入意識(shí)，要不然就是推動(dòng)主體過(guò)度摯愛(ài)母親。但毆打-幻想并不和女孩與母親的關(guān)系聯(lián)系在一起。在幼兒園里，有其他一些僅幾歲的小孩子，他們由于各種原因不被喜歡，但主要是因?yàn)楦改傅膼?ài)必須也被他們所分享。由于這一原因，他們被那些年的情感生活的野蠻能量所排斥。如果有問(wèn)題的孩子是一個(gè)弟弟或者妹妹（就像在我的三個(gè)案例中一樣），他們會(huì)被病人鄙視或憎惡。但同時(shí)，他仍舊得到了愛(ài)的分享——盲目的父母總是將這份愛(ài)給最小的孩子——這是一個(gè)不得不被看見(jiàn)的場(chǎng)景。人們很快就會(huì)知道被打盡管不會(huì)造成多大的傷害，但它意味著愛(ài)的剝奪和羞辱。許多深信自己穩(wěn)穩(wěn)地占據(jù)其父母不可動(dòng)搖的感情的孩子，可能會(huì)因?yàn)榱艘粋€(gè)輕輕的拍打，就從他想象中無(wú)所不能的天堂中墜落。因此父親打一個(gè)令人厭惡的孩子本身是一種令人愉快的想法，更不必說(shuō)他的確被看見(jiàn)實(shí)施了這一行為。這意味著：“我的父親不愛(ài)別的孩子，他只愛(ài)我?！?/p>

This then is the content and meaning of the beating-phantasy in its first phase. The phantasy obviously gratifies the child's jealousy and is dependent upon the erotic side of its life, but is also powerfully reinforced by the child's egoistic interests. Doubt remains, therefore, whether the phantasy ought to be described as purely 'sexual', nor can one venture to call it 'sadistic’.

這就是第一階段的毆打-幻想的內(nèi)容及意義。這種幻想顯然滿足了兒童的嫉妒心，并依托于其生活的性欲方面。但它也被孩子的利己主義所強(qiáng)化。因此，是否這種幻想應(yīng)該被描述為純粹 “性欲的”這一問(wèn)題仍舊存疑，我們也不能冒昧地將其成為“虐待性的”。

As is well known, all the signs on which we are accustomed to base our distinctions tend to lose their clarity as we come nearer to the source. So perhaps we may say in terms recalling the prophecy made by the Three Witches to Banquo: 'Not clearly sexual, not in itself sadistic, but yet the stuff from which both will later come.’ In any case, however, there is no ground for suspecting that in this first phase the phantasy is already at the service of an excitation which involves the genitals and finds its outlet in a masturbatory act.

眾所周知，我們將區(qū)別建立在一些跡象上。但所有這些跡象，都在我們逐漸接近其來(lái)源的時(shí)候變得模糊不清。所以我們也許能夠像來(lái)到班柯的三個(gè)女巫所做的預(yù)言那樣說(shuō)：“不明顯是性的，本身也不是虐待的，但這兩者后來(lái)都會(huì)出現(xiàn)。”但無(wú)論如何，沒(méi)有理由懷疑如下的事實(shí)：在第一階段，幻想已經(jīng)服務(wù)于一種生殖快感，并且在自慰行為中找到出口。

It is clear that the child's sexual life has reached the stage of genital organization, now that its incestuous love has achieved this premature choice of an object. This can be demonstrated more easily in the case of boys, but is also indisputable in the case of girls. Something like a premonition of what are later to be the final and normal sexual aims governs the child's libidinal trends. We may justly wonder why this should be so, but we may regard it as a proof of the fact that the genitals have already begun playing their part in the process of excitation. With boys the wish to beget a child from their mother is never absent, with girls the wish to have a child by their father is equally constant; and this in spite of their being completely incapable of forming any clear idea of the means for fulfilling these wishes. The child seems to be convinced that the genitals have something to do with the matter, even though in its constant brooding it may look for the essence of the presumed intimacy between its parents in relations of another sort, such as in their sleeping together, micturating in each other's presence, etc.; and material of the latter kind can be more easily apprehended in verbal images than the mystery that is connected with the genitals. 

顯然，既然這種亂倫的愛(ài)欲已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)象的過(guò)早選擇，孩子的性生活便已經(jīng)到達(dá)了生殖結(jié)構(gòu)的階段。這在男孩的情況中可能更容易發(fā)現(xiàn)，但在女孩的情況下同樣是無(wú)可爭(zhēng)辯的。類似于對(duì)未來(lái)成為最終和常態(tài)的性目標(biāo)的一種預(yù)感，控制著孩子的力比多趨向。我們可能只想知道這如何發(fā)生，但我們也可能會(huì)將其視為生殖器已經(jīng)在興奮過(guò)程中發(fā)揮作用的一個(gè)證據(jù)。對(duì)男孩而言，從母親那里獲得一個(gè)孩子的想法從未缺席；而對(duì)于女孩來(lái)說(shuō)，一種懷上父親的孩子的愿望同樣一直存在。但盡管如此，主體完全無(wú)法對(duì)實(shí)現(xiàn)這些愿望的方式形成一個(gè)清晰的想法。孩子似乎確信生殖器與懷孕有關(guān)。即使在其不斷的沉思中，他也會(huì)尋找父母在另一種關(guān)系中的親昵行為的本質(zhì)，比如他們睡在一起，在對(duì)方面前排尿，等等。后者的材料相比于有關(guān)生殖器的秘密更容易在言語(yǔ)表象中理解。

But the time comes when this early blossoming is nipped by the frost. None of these incestuous loves can avoid the fate of repression. They may succumb to it on the occasion of some discoverable external event which leads to disillusionment - such as unexpected slights, the unwelcome birth of a new brother or sister (which is felt as faithlessness), etc.; or the same thing may happen owing to internal conditions apart from any such events, perhaps simply because their yearning remains unsatisfied too long. It is unquestionably true that such events are not the effective causes, but that these love-affairs are bound to come to grief sooner or later, though we cannot say on what particular stumbling block. Most probably they pass away because their time is over, because the children have entered upon a new phase of development in which they are compelled to recapitulate from the history of mankind the repression of an incestuous object-choice, just as at an earlier stage they were obliged to effect an object-choice of that very sort[2]. In the new phase no mental product of the incestuous love-impulses that is present unconsciously is taken over by consciousness; and anything that has already come into consciousness is expelled from it. At the same time as this process of repression takes place, a sense of guilt appears. This is also of unknown origin, but there is no doubt whatever that it is connected with the incestuous wishes, and that it is justified by the persistence of those wishes in the unconscious.

但早開(kāi)的花蕊被霜凍扼殺的時(shí)刻來(lái)臨了。這些亂倫的愛(ài)欲無(wú)一能夠幸免于壓抑。在一些有跡可循的導(dǎo)致幻滅的外部事件中——比如一種出乎意料的冷落，一個(gè)弟弟妹妹不受歡迎的到來(lái)（這被認(rèn)為是父母的不忠）——這些亂倫的幻想屈服于壓抑?；蛘哌@些事情可能會(huì)由于另外的內(nèi)部條件所導(dǎo)致，比如可能僅僅是因?yàn)樗麄兊目释脹](méi)有得到滿足。毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，這些事件并不是有效的成因。但這些愛(ài)欲遲早會(huì)走向衰敗，盡管我們不知道它在哪里受挫。最可能的是它們的時(shí)代過(guò)去了，因此他們就消亡了。因?yàn)楹⒆右呀?jīng)進(jìn)入了一個(gè)新的發(fā)展階段，在這一階段中，他們必須從人類歷史中概括和重述對(duì)亂倫對(duì)象-選擇的壓抑。這就像他們?cè)谠缙陔A段必須施行這樣一種對(duì)象-選擇一樣。在新的階段，存在于無(wú)意識(shí)的亂倫愛(ài)欲-沖動(dòng)的心理產(chǎn)物不會(huì)被意識(shí)所接管。在壓抑過(guò)程發(fā)生的同時(shí)，一種罪惡感產(chǎn)生了。它的起源同樣不可知，但無(wú)疑有一種與亂倫愿望相聯(lián)系的東西。這正是那些存在于無(wú)意識(shí)的愿望所證實(shí)的。

The phantasy of the period of incestuous love had said: 'He (my father) loves only me, and not the other child, for he is beating it.’ The sense of guilt can discover no punishment more severe than the reversal of this triumph: 'No, he does not love you, for he is beating you.’ In this way the phantasy of the second phase, that of being beaten by her father, is a direct expression of the girl's sense of guilt, to which her love for her father has now succumbed. The phantasy, therefore, has become masochistic. So far as I know, this is always so; a sense of guilt is invariably the factor that transforms sadism into masochism. But this is certainly not the whole content of masochism. The sense of guilt cannot have won the field alone; a share must also fall to the love-impulse. We must remember that we are dealing with children in whom the sadistic component was able for constitutional reasons to develop prematurely and in isolation. We need not abandon this point of view. It is precisely such children who find it particularly easy to hark back to the pregenital, sadistic-anal organization of their sexual life. If the genital organization, when it has scarcely been effected, is met by repression, the result is not only that every psychical representation of the incestuous love becomes unconscious, or remains so, but there is another result as well: a regressive debasement of the genital organization itself to a lower level. 'My father loves me' was meant in a genital sense; owing to the regression it is turned into 'My father is beating me (I am being beaten by my father)'. This being beaten is now a convergence of the sense of guilt and sexual love. It is not only the punishment for the forbidden genital relation, but also the regressive substitute for that relation, and from this latter source it derives the libidinal excitation which is from this time forward attached to it, and which finds its outlet in masturbatory acts. Here for the first time we have the essence of masochism. 

亂倫愛(ài)欲時(shí)期的幻想說(shuō)：“他（我的父親）只愛(ài)我。他不愛(ài)另一個(gè)孩子，因?yàn)樗蛄四莻€(gè)孩子?！睂?duì)于這種罪惡感來(lái)說(shuō)，再也沒(méi)有比這種勝利的翻轉(zhuǎn)更為嚴(yán)厲的懲罰了：“不，他不愛(ài)你，因?yàn)樗蛄四恪！蓖ㄟ^(guò)這種方式，第二個(gè)階段的幻想，即被父親打的幻想。是女孩的罪惡感的直接表達(dá)。女孩對(duì)父親的愛(ài)屈服于這種罪惡感。幻想因此成為受虐性的。就我所知，它一直如此；一種罪惡感一定是將虐待狂轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槭芘翱竦囊蛩?。但這當(dāng)然不是受虐癥的全部?jī)?nèi)容。這種罪惡感不可能獨(dú)自取得勝利，愛(ài)欲-沖動(dòng)同樣會(huì)參與其中。我們必須記住我們正在探討那些虐待因子會(huì)由于體質(zhì)差異過(guò)早獨(dú)立發(fā)展的孩子的情況。我們無(wú)需放棄這一觀點(diǎn)。正是這些孩子最容易回退到他們性生活中先天的肛門-施虐期結(jié)構(gòu)。如果生殖結(jié)構(gòu)幾乎在沒(méi)有受到影響的情況下被壓抑，結(jié)果就不僅僅是亂倫愛(ài)欲的心理表征都成為無(wú)意識(shí)并保持這種狀態(tài)。另一種結(jié)果同樣會(huì)發(fā)生：生理結(jié)構(gòu)向低級(jí)退化。“我的父親愛(ài)我”具有生殖意味；而由于壓抑這一表述變成了：“我的父親正在打我（我在被我的父親打）”。這種被打如今成為了罪惡感和愛(ài)欲的融合。它不僅僅是對(duì)被禁止的生殖關(guān)系的懲罰，同樣是對(duì)這種關(guān)系的一種倒退性替代。從后者中衍生出一種此后與它聯(lián)結(jié)在一起的性興奮。這種性興奮在手淫行為中找到了出口。我們?cè)谶@里第一次把握了受虐癥的本質(zhì)。

This second phase - the child's phantasy of being itself beaten by its father - remains unconscious as a rule, probably in consequence of the intensity of the repression. I cannot explain why nevertheless in one of my six cases, that of a male, it was consciously remembered. This man, now grown up, had preserved the fact clearly in his memory that he used to employ the idea of being beaten by his mother for the purpose of masturbation, though to be sure he soon substituted for his own mother the mothers of his school-fellows or other women who in some way resembled her. It must not be forgotten that when a boy’s incestuous phantasy is transformed into the corresponding masochistic one, one more reversal has to take place than in the case of a girl, namely the substitution of passivity for activity; and this additional degree of distortion may save the phantasy from having to remain unconscious as a result of repression. In this way the sense of guilt would be satisfied by regression instead of by repression. In the female cases the sense of guilt, in itself perhaps more exacting, could be appeased only by a combination of the two. 

第二個(gè)階段——即孩子對(duì)被父親打的幻想——通常是無(wú)意識(shí)的。這很可能是由壓抑所導(dǎo)致的。但我無(wú)法解釋為什么在我其中一個(gè)男性的案例中，他清晰地記得這一情形。這個(gè)成年男性在清晰地記得他曾經(jīng)用被母親打的幻想來(lái)自慰，盡管他母親的角色很快被他同學(xué)的母親或者某種程度上與她相似的女性所代替了。我們不能忘記當(dāng)一個(gè)男孩的亂倫幻想被轉(zhuǎn)變成受虐幻想的時(shí)候，再一次的逆轉(zhuǎn)一定會(huì)發(fā)生。這不同于女孩的情況，即用以被動(dòng)代替主動(dòng)。這種額外程度的扭曲使得這一幻想不會(huì)因?yàn)閴阂侄鴿撊霟o(wú)意識(shí)。通過(guò)這樣的方式，這種罪惡感將會(huì)被回退（regression）而不是被壓抑（repression）所滿足。在女性的案例中，這種罪惡感可能更為強(qiáng)烈，它需要結(jié)合壓抑和回退來(lái)平息。

In two of my four female cases an elaborate superstructure of day-dreams, which was of great significance for the life of the person concerned, had grown up over the masochistic beating-phantasy. The function of this superstructure was to make possible a feeling of satisfied excitation, even though the masturbatory act was abstained from. In one of these cases the content - being beaten by the father - was allowed to venture again into consciousness, so long as the subject's own ego was made unrecognizable by a thin disguise. The hero of these stories was invariably beaten (or later only punished, humiliated, etc.) by his father. 

在我四個(gè)女性案例的其中兩個(gè)中，一種精心構(gòu)造的白日夢(mèng)的上層建筑在受虐性的毆打-幻想中發(fā)展起來(lái)。這一結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)病人的生活具有相當(dāng)重要的意義。它的功能是在自慰行為被限制的情況下仍舊能產(chǎn)生令人滿足的興奮感。在其中一個(gè)案例中，只要主體的自我因一層淺顯偽裝而變得不可辨認(rèn)，那這一幻想的內(nèi)容——即被父親打——會(huì)被允許再一次進(jìn)入意識(shí)。這些故事的主人公總是被他的父親打（之后可能只是懲罰，羞辱，等等）。

I repeat, however, that as a rule the phantasy remains unconscious, and can only be reconstructed in the course of the analysis. This fact perhaps vindicates patients who say they remember that with them masturbation made its appearance before the third phase of the beating-phantasy (shortly to be discussed), and that this phase was only a later addition, made perhaps under the impression of scenes at school. Every time I have given credit to these statements I have felt inclined to assume that the masturbation was at first under the dominance of unconscious phantasies and that conscious ones were substituted for them later.

但是，我需要重申這種幻想通常會(huì)保持無(wú)意識(shí)的狀態(tài)，并且只能通過(guò)分析來(lái)重構(gòu)。這一事實(shí)可能會(huì)證實(shí)一些病人的話是正確的：他們說(shuō)他們記得出現(xiàn)于第三階段的毆打-幻想之前（我們即將討論這一點(diǎn)），并且這一階段只是后來(lái)的補(bǔ)充。它產(chǎn)生于后來(lái)在學(xué)校的一些記憶。每一次我選擇相信這些陳述之后，我都會(huì)傾向于假設(shè)自慰首先是處于無(wú)意識(shí)幻想的支配下，之后它們被有意識(shí)的幻想所代替了。

I look upon the beating-phantasy in its familiar third phase, which is its final form, as a substitute of this sort. Here the child who produces the phantasy appears almost as a spectator, while the father persists in the shape of a teacher or some other person in authority. The phantasy, which now resembles that of the first phase, seems to have become sadistic once more. It appears as though in the phrase, 'My father is beating the child, he loves only me’, the stress has been shifted back on to the first part after the second part has undergone repression. But only the form of this phantasy is sadistic; the satisfaction which is derived from it is masochistic. Its significance lies in the fact that it has taken over the libidinal cathexis of the repressed portion and at the same time the sense of guilt which is attached to the content of that portion. All of the many unspecified children who are being beaten by the teacher are, after all, nothing more than substitutes for the child itself.

我將第三階段，即最后一種形式的毆打-幻想視為這種幻想的替代。在這里，產(chǎn)生幻想的孩子幾乎總是一個(gè)觀看者，而父親的角色通過(guò)老師或其他權(quán)威人士的形象一直存在。這種類似于第一階段的毆打-幻想似乎再一次成為虐待性的。它以如下的句子出現(xiàn)：“我的父親正在打那個(gè)孩子，他只愛(ài)我?！痹诘诙糠质艿綁阂种螅攸c(diǎn)又重新落在第一部分上。但這一幻想只有形式是虐待性的；從中衍生出來(lái)的快感卻是受虐性的。它的重要性位于如下的事實(shí)中：它接管了對(duì)被壓抑部分的力比多投注以及對(duì)附屬于這一部分內(nèi)容的罪惡感的力比多投注。畢竟，所有那些被老師打的身份不明的孩子都只是產(chǎn)生幻想的孩子的替代。

We find here for the first time, too, something like a constancy of sex in the persons who play a part in the phantasy. The children who are being beaten are almost invariably boys, in the phantasies of boys just as much as in those of girls. This characteristic is naturally not to be explained by any rivalry between the sexes, as otherwise of course in the phantasies of boys it would be girls who would be being beaten; and it has nothing to do with the sex of the child who was hated in the first phase. But it points to a complication in the case of girls. When they turn away from their incestuous love for their father, with its genital significance, they easily abandon their feminine role. They spur their 'masculinity complex' (Van Ophuijsen, 1917) into activity, and from that time forward only want to be boys. For that reason the whipping-boys who represent them are boys too. In both the cases of day-dreaming - one of which almost rose to the level of a work of art - the heroes were always young men; indeed women used not to come into these creations at all, and only made their first appearance after many years, and then in minor parts. 

在這里，我們第一次在出演幻想的人當(dāng)中發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種性別的恒常性。無(wú)論是對(duì)于男孩還是女孩，被打的孩子幾乎總是男孩。這一特征自然無(wú)法用性別對(duì)抗來(lái)解釋，否則在男孩的幻想中，被打的人將會(huì)是女孩；并且它和在第一階段中被厭惡的那個(gè)孩子的性別也無(wú)關(guān)聯(lián)。但這一事實(shí)指出了女孩情形中的一種并發(fā)癥。當(dāng)她們對(duì)朝向父親的亂倫愛(ài)欲及其生殖意義感到厭惡的時(shí)候，她們很容易放棄自身的女性角色。她們讓自身的“男性氣質(zhì)情結(jié)”活躍起來(lái)，并從此以后只想成為男孩。由于這一原因，她們的代罪羔羊（whipping-boys）也同樣是男性（boys）。在兩個(gè)白日夢(mèng)的案例中——其中一個(gè)幾乎上升到藝術(shù)品的高度——主人公總是年輕男性；實(shí)際上女性從未參與這些創(chuàng)作。她們只在多年后才第一次出現(xiàn)，之后則占據(jù)了一個(gè)無(wú)足輕重的地位。 

[1] La Bibliothèque rose est une collection de livres pour la jeunesse créée et éditée par les éditions Hachette en 1856 et destinée aux enfants de six à douze ans. La collection est toujours éditée de nos jours.

“Bibliothèque rose”是為青少年所創(chuàng)辦的一系列叢書。它有Hachette出版社于1856年編輯發(fā)行，其對(duì)象時(shí)6至12歲的兒童。這一叢書至今仍在發(fā)行。

[2] [Footnote added 1924:] See the continuation of this line of thought in 'The Dissolution of the Oedipus Complex’ (1924d) .

（篇幅所限，下略，完整版可點(diǎn)擊譯本一的（中）與（下）進(jìn)行詳細(xì)查看）