elcome Unit 1

Welcome Unit

Part one Vocabulary

1.exchange n.交換；交流vt.交換；交流；交易；兌換

In exchange(for...)作為（與......的）交換

exchange student交換生

exchange A for B以A交換B：把A兌換成B

exchange sth.with sb.與某人交流/交換某物

exchange opinions/ideas/views交流意見/想法/看法

2.design

1)n.設(shè)計(jì)；圖案；構(gòu)思；打算，意圖。

make designs for為......做設(shè)計(jì)

by design（=on purpose）故意地

2)vt.設(shè)計(jì)，構(gòu)思；計(jì)劃；意欲。

design sth.for...為...設(shè)計(jì)某物

be designed to do...旨在做...，用于做...

3.anxious adj.焦慮的；不安的

be anxious for sb./about sth.為某人/某事?lián)?/p>

be anxious for...渴望...

be anxious(for sb.)to do sth.渴望（某人）做某事

be anxious that...渴望...

4.annoyed adj.惱怒的；生氣的

be annoyed with sb.生某人的氣

be annoyed at/about sth.因某事生氣

be annoyed to do做...感到生氣

5.senior adj.級(jí)別（或地位）高的n.較年長(zhǎng)的人

senior high(school)高中

be senior to sb.比某人的地位/職位高

6.impress vt.使欽佩；給……留下深刻的好印象vi.留下印象；引人注目

have a(n)...impression of...對(duì)······有······印象

leave/make a(n)...impression on sb.給某人留下······印象

(be)under the impression that...以為······，（通常指）誤認(rèn)為······

7.concentrate on集中精力于

8.leave...alone不打擾，不驚動(dòng)

9.explore vt.&vi.探索；勘探

exploration n.探索，探測(cè)explorer n.探險(xiǎn)者；勘探者；考察者

10.confident adj.自信的；有把握的

be confident about對(duì)......有信心

be confident of(doing)sth.對(duì)（做）······有把握

be confident that...確信······

11.look forward to盼望；期待

12.organise vt.組織；籌備；安排；組建vi.組建；成立

organisation n.組織；團(tuán)體；機(jī)構(gòu)

Part two Grammar

句子成分和基本句型

一、句子成分

構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫作句子成分。句子成分有主要成分與次要成分之分。主要成分是主語（The Subject）和謂語（The Predicate），次要成分有表語賓語（The Object）、（The Predicative）、定語（The Attribute）、狀語（The Adverbial）、補(bǔ)足語（The Complement）和同位語（The Appositive）。

（一）主語

主語表示句子所要說明或描述的人或事物，一般為名詞（短語）、代詞、數(shù)詞、動(dòng)名詞（短語）、不定式（短語）或從句，置于句首。

The students are playing basketball now.

Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.

（二）謂語

謂語說明或描述主語的行為動(dòng)作或所處的狀態(tài)，由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語充當(dāng)，位于主語之后。

You may keep the pen for two weeks at most.

He didn't listen to the teacher’s advice.

（三）表語

表語說明主語的身份、特征或狀態(tài)，在系動(dòng)詞（be、become、get、look、grow、turn、seem等）之后，可以由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、不定式（短語）、動(dòng)名詞（短語）、介詞短語以及從句充當(dāng)。

I'm an astronaut.She looks pale.

My job is teaching English.（四）賓語

賓語有單賓語、雙賓語、復(fù)合賓語等。雙賓語又分為直接賓語和間接賓語。賓語可以由名詞（短語）、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化的形容詞、不定式（短語）、動(dòng)名詞、從句等充當(dāng)。

He wrote a poem.

She enjoys living in China.

（五）賓語補(bǔ)足語

有些及物動(dòng)詞除有一個(gè)賓語外，還要有一個(gè)賓語補(bǔ)足語。才能使句子的意義完整。一般結(jié)構(gòu)為：及物動(dòng)詞（如make、see、find等）＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語。

注意：“make/see/find…sb.do sth.”結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)形式時(shí)，不定式符號(hào)to要還原。

New technologies make life much more easy and convenient.

He was seen to rush into the classroom.

（六）定語

修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。定語多放在被修飾部分的前面，但由多個(gè)詞構(gòu)成的定語部分則通常放在被修飾部分的后面。

The red bike is mine.They made paper flowers.

The boy in the classroom is John.

（七）狀語

修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，說明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分稱為狀語。狀語的位置非常靈活：修飾形容詞、副詞時(shí)通常放在被修飾詞之前；通常在句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)之后；強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句首。

He knows a lot.She is lying in the bed thinking.

When I was young,I often listened to the radio.

（八）同位語

同位語通常在名詞或代詞之后，與其并列并對(duì)其加以說明。

We have two children,a boy and a girl.

The news that he had passed the exam delighted his mother.二、五種基本句型

（一）主語＋不及物動(dòng)詞（S+V）

此類句子都有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)：句子的謂語動(dòng)詞都能表達(dá)完整的意思，都是不及物動(dòng)詞,后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語以及表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式等的狀語從句等。

The car won't start.They laughed.

（二）主語＋系動(dòng)詞＋表語（S+V+P）

一些動(dòng)詞單獨(dú)作謂語時(shí)不能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思，需要接上表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的表語構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語。這類動(dòng)詞叫系動(dòng)詞.

The flowers smell sweet.Tom looks thin.

（三）主語＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語（S+V+O）

此類謂語動(dòng)詞都有實(shí)際意義，都是由主語產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)作，但后面必須加一個(gè)賓語，即動(dòng)作的承受者。

They ate what was left over.She hates spiders.

（四）主語＋及物動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語＋直接賓語（S+V+IO+DO）

有些動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語。通常情況下間接賓語在前，直接賓語在后；有時(shí)也可把間接賓語置于直接賓語后，此時(shí)間接賓語前需加介詞for或to.

She cooked her husband a delicious meal.＝She cooked a delicious meal for her husband.

Give me the pen,please.＝Give the pen to me,please.

（五）主語＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語（S+V+O+C）

句子謂語為及物動(dòng)詞，有時(shí)只跟一個(gè)賓語不能表達(dá)完整意思，需要用賓語補(bǔ)足語對(duì)賓語進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。賓語補(bǔ)足語可以由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語和非謂語動(dòng)詞等充當(dāng)。

They made her happy.

She kept us waiting for her answer for over a week.

（六）主語＋不及物動(dòng)詞＋狀語（S+V+A）

句子謂語為不及物動(dòng)詞，需要跟狀語對(duì)謂語動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明或限定。狀語常常是副詞、介詞短語、非謂語動(dòng)詞等。

The children stayed in room.John has gone to buy books.

（七）主語＋謂語＋賓語＋狀語（S+V+O+A）

句子謂語為及物動(dòng)詞，跟賓語后句意還不完整，需要跟狀語進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明或限定。狀語常常是副詞、介詞短語、非謂語動(dòng)詞等。

They know us very well.They put the dish here.

（八）there be...

there be后面的名詞是句子的主語，屬倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，其中be動(dòng)詞之前有時(shí)可加上seem to、appear to等。

注意：

（1）在there be句型中，be的單復(fù)數(shù)與離它最近的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。（就近原則）

（2）there be表示“存在；有”。這里的there沒有實(shí)際意義，不可與副詞there“那里”混淆。此結(jié)構(gòu)后跟名詞，表示“（某處）有某事物”。

There is a cup on the desk.

There are some apples in the bowl.

Part three Sentence

1.What if no one talks to me？要是沒人跟我說話怎么辦？

What if...?要是……會(huì)怎么樣呢？

常用來征求對(duì)方的意見。

'What…if…?'以下幾種用法：

（1）表示假設(shè)，意為“假若……怎么辦？”“要是……將會(huì)怎么樣？”，if后的句子可用陳述語氣（用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)），也可用虛擬語氣（用一般過去時(shí)或“shouldn't+動(dòng)詞原形”）

（2）表示邀請(qǐng)或建議，意為“如果……怎么樣？如果……如何？”

（3）表示不重要，此時(shí)常與so連用，意為“就算……那又怎樣？”

2.雙重否定

You'll never see me without a book or a pen.你永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)看到我不拿書或筆。

'never…without...'雙重否定結(jié)構(gòu)，表示肯定含義，意思是“沒有……就不……”。常見的雙重否定結(jié)構(gòu)還有：no/not/hardly...without…沒有……不；除……不

cannot…too…無論怎樣……也不為過

3.I wish I didn't have to do this!我希望我不必這樣做！

wish+(that)...（虛擬賓語從句）

wish后面接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，若從句表示的內(nèi)容與事實(shí)相反或者是難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，從句謂語動(dòng)詞多用虛擬語氣形式。從句謂語動(dòng)詞形式如下：

（1）與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)不符，用一般過去時(shí)（be用were);

（2）與過去事實(shí)不符，用過去完成時(shí)；

（3）與將來事實(shí)不符，用“would/should/could/might+do”。

Unit 1

***重點(diǎn)單詞***

1.volunteer n.志愿者

（1）做志愿者:work as a volunteer

（2）做志愿工作:do volunteer work

（3）做一名志愿者絕不是容易的事.

Being a volunteer is anything but an easy job.

volunteer v.自愿做;義務(wù)做

（1）自愿做某事volunteer to do sth

（2）自愿為某事效勞volunteer for sth

——voluntary自愿的、志愿的

2.debate vi/vt辯論；爭(zhēng)論

（1）關(guān)于......進(jìn)行辯論debate on/over

（2）和......辯論debate with sb

debate n.辯論；爭(zhēng)論

（1）在爭(zhēng)論中under debate

（2）人們對(duì)校車安全問題議論紛紛。

There has been much debate on the safety of school buses.

3.prefer更喜歡

（1）更喜歡某事prefer sth.

（2）更喜歡做某事prefer to do/doing sth

（4）喜歡A多于B prefer A to B

（5）比起做B更喜歡做A

prefer doing A to doing B

prefer to do A rather than B

（6）比起徒步旅行，許多男孩更喜歡踢足球。

Many boys prefer playing football to hiking

Many boys prefer to play football rather than hike.

4.content n.內(nèi)容；目錄；主題；滿足

(1)在內(nèi)容和形式上in content and form

(2)盡情地；心滿意足地to ones heart content

content adj.滿足的；滿意的；

（1）滿足的表情a content expression

（2）對(duì)......感到滿足、滿意be content with/

（3）愿意做某事be content to do sth

content vt.使?jié)M意

使某人、自己對(duì)......滿意content sb with sth

5.suitable adj.合適的；適用的

（1）對(duì)......適合的be suitable for sth/doing sth

（2）適合做某事be suitable to do sth

（3）這些鞋不適合在鄉(xiāng)下散步。

These shoes are not suitable for walking in the country..

（4）我認(rèn)為我不適合這個(gè)崗位。

I don’t think I should be suitable for the post.

6.challenge挑戰(zhàn)；艱巨任務(wù)

（1）做某事的挑戰(zhàn)the change of doing sth

（2）面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)face a challenge

（3）迎接挑戰(zhàn)meet a challenge

（4）接受挑戰(zhàn)accept/take up a challenge

（6）就我而言，我下定決心接受挑戰(zhàn)。

As far as I’m concerned,I’m determined to take up/accept the challenge.

challenge v.t向(某人)挑戰(zhàn)

向某人挑戰(zhàn)某事challenge sb to do sth

——challenging adj.挑戰(zhàn)性的，考驗(yàn)?zāi)芰?/p>

7.confusing難以理解的；不清楚的

（1）覺得......令人困惑find sth confusing

（2）對(duì)......來說令人困惑的be confusing for sb

confuse——使糊涂；使迷惑；

（1）使某人困惑confuse sb

（2）把和弄混confuse A with B

confused——糊涂的；迷惑的

be confused about...對(duì)......感到困惑

confusion——困惑；混淆

in confusion困囧地

8.graduate vi/vt畢業(yè)；獲得學(xué)位，n畢業(yè)生

我們祝賀他從哈佛大學(xué)畢業(yè)了。

We congratulated him on having graduated from Harvard University.

--graduation n.畢業(yè)

那是我們畢業(yè)后的第一份工作。

It was my first job after graduation.

9.recommend vt.建議；推薦；介紹

(1)向某人推薦、介紹某物recommend sth to sb

(2)推薦某人做（某職位）recommend sb for

(3)推薦某人作為......recommend sb as

(4)建議做某事recommend doing sth

(5)他建議我們讀一讀那部小說。

He recommended that we should read the novel.

10.quit v.停止；戒掉；離開（工作職位、學(xué)校等）

(1)休學(xué)、退學(xué)quit school

(2)辭掉工作quit one’s job

(3)離職quit office

(4)戒煙quit smoking

(5)那位組長(zhǎng)經(jīng)常在晚上七點(diǎn)左右就停止學(xué)習(xí)去散步。

The group leader often quits studying to take a walk at about seven pm.

11.responsible adj.負(fù)責(zé)的；有責(zé)任的

(1)對(duì)......、負(fù)責(zé)be responsible for

他仍然覺得對(duì)病人的死亡負(fù)有責(zé)任。

He still felt responsible for the patient’s death.

---responsibility n.責(zé)任；義務(wù)

(1)負(fù)責(zé)做某事

take the responsibility of/for doing sth

(2)有做某事的責(zé)任

have a/the responsibility to do sth

12.schedule.n.工作計(jì)劃；日程安排;v.安排；預(yù)定

(1)按預(yù)定時(shí)間on schedule

(2)提前ahead of schedule

(3)落后于預(yù)定時(shí)間behind the schedule

(4)你已經(jīng)安排了考試日程嗎？

Have you made the examination schedule.

13.expert n.專家；行家

(1)在......方面是行家an expert on/at/in

(2)西蒙不僅是我們的校長(zhǎng)，也是一名教育專家。

Simon is not only our headmaster,but also an expert in education.

expert adj熟練的；內(nèi)行的；專家的

(1)在......方面在行

be expert at/in doing sth.

(2)琳達(dá)在尋找有用的學(xué)習(xí)信息方面很在行。

Linda is expert in/at finding useful information about study.

14.attract vt.吸引；引起......的注意

(1)吸引很大的興趣attract a lot of interest

(2)吸引某人的注意attract one’s attention

(3)喜愛be attracted to...

(4)被......吸引be attracted by...

----attraction n.有吸引力的事物

----attractive adj.吸引人的

對(duì)孩子們有吸引力

be attractive to children

***重點(diǎn)短語***

1.clean up.打掃（或清除）干凈

(1)除去、掃除clean off

(2)我打算在這個(gè)夏天畢業(yè)后把我的舊書清理干凈。

I plan to clean up my old books after I graduate this summer.

更多：

(1)整理、收拾:tidy up

(2)整理，放晴clear up

2.sign up(for sth)報(bào)名（參加課程）

(1)簽名sign one’s name

(2)簽到，簽退sign in/out

(3)示意某人做某事sign to sb to do sth

(5)要報(bào)名成為會(huì)員，請(qǐng)?zhí)顚戇@張表格。

To sign up for membership,please fill in the form.

---sign n.跡象

......的跡象a sign of...

3.focus on...集中；特別關(guān)注

(1)把心思集中在focus one’s mind on...

(2)聚精會(huì)神于focus one’s attention on...

(3)今天，我們要重點(diǎn)討論師生之間的新關(guān)系。

Today,we are going to focus on the new relationship between teachers and students.

更多：

(1)注意留意pay attention to...

(2)集中于；專心于concentrate on...

4.be addicted to...對(duì)......入迷

(1）習(xí)慣于be used to...

（2）注意pay attention to...

（3）期盼look forward to...

（4）致力于devote oneself to...

提示：這幾個(gè)短語里的to均為介詞。

***重點(diǎn)句型***

1.so that引導(dǎo)狀語從句

（1）我會(huì)自己想方法改進(jìn)，這樣我明年就能入選球隊(duì)了。

I’ll find a way to improve on my own so that I can make the team next year.

（2）查爾斯認(rèn)為很多人想要賺許多錢，因?yàn)檫@樣的話他們就不會(huì)再有任何煩惱了？

Charles believes that many people want to earn a lot of money so that they will not have any worries.

2.make it+adj+不定式

（1）但是花太多時(shí)間在網(wǎng)上是不健康的，使得很難集中注意力在生活中的其他事情上。

But spending too much time online is unhealthy and makes it very difficult to focus on other things.

（2）計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)讓很多人可以在家里工作。

Computer technology makes it possible for many people to work at home.

3.這/那是因?yàn)門his/that/it is because

（1）I guess its because they are adults and can’t understand me.

我想是因?yàn)樗麄兌际浅赡耆肆?，不能理解我?/p>

（2）He practise speaking English every day,at least three hours a day.This is why he makes great progress in English.

=The reason why he makes great progress in English is that he practise speaking English every day,at least three hours a day.

他天天練習(xí)說英語，每天至少三個(gè)小時(shí)。這是他英語進(jìn)步的很大的原因。

4.too...to...太......而不能......

（1）There is a girl I like in my class,but I’m too shy to talk to her.

班上有個(gè)我喜歡的女孩，但是我太害羞了，不敢和他說話。

（2）You are too young to understand such things.

你太年輕，不懂得這樣的事情。

Unit 2

***重點(diǎn)單詞***

必修一Unit 2 Travelling Around

1.apply vi申請(qǐng)；請(qǐng)求；vt應(yīng)用；涂（油漆、乳劑）

<1>申請(qǐng)apply for

<2>向某人申請(qǐng)某物apply to sb for sth

<3>把某物應(yīng)用到某物中apply sth to sth

<4>致力于apply oneself to

——application.n.應(yīng)用；用途；申請(qǐng)

<1>求職信a job application

<2>申請(qǐng)信a letter of application

---applicant.申請(qǐng)者

2.pack收拾（行禮）包裝；打包行李n紙包；包裹

<1>一包，一幫，一群a pack of

<2>將裝箱打包pack sth up

<3>The walk is expected to last all day,so bring a(pack)packd lunch.

3.amazing adj令人驚奇的；令人驚喜的

讓人吃驚的，古代的認(rèn)們能夠建造出如此偉大的建筑。（it作形式主語）

It is amazing that the ancient people could have built such great architecture.

---amaze v.t.使吃驚；驚訝的；

---amazed adj.驚奇的；驚喜的

<1>對(duì)......大為吃驚的be amazed at/by/that

<2>因做某事而感到吃驚，驚訝be amazed to do sth

---amazement n驚異；驚愕

<1>令某人驚奇的是to one’s amazement

<2>驚訝地in amazement

4.arrange vt/vi安排，籌劃

<1>安排做某事arrange to do sth

<2>為某人安排某事arrange sth for sb

The books were all neatly in place,carefully arranged.

---arrangement n.安排，籌備

<1>為......做安排、準(zhǔn)備make arrangements for

<2>談妥，達(dá)成協(xié)議arrive at an arrangement

5.recognize vt辨別出，承認(rèn)；認(rèn)可；認(rèn)識(shí)；認(rèn)知

<1>通過......認(rèn)出......recognize....by/from

<2>把......看作......recognize..as

<3>大家都承認(rèn)他是比賽中的最佳選手。

Everyone recognized him as/to be the best player in the match

——recognition識(shí)別；承認(rèn)，認(rèn)出

認(rèn)不出來beyond/out of recognition.

6.type n類型；種類

<1>這種那種類型的of this/that type

<2>一種a type of

<3>各種類型的all types of

<4>是某人喜歡的類型be one’s type

type vi/vt打字

把......鍵入......（計(jì)算機(jī)）type...into...

7.admire vt欽佩；贊賞；贊美；羨慕

<1>欣賞某人做某事admire sb for sth

I admire him for his success in his business.

----admiration n.欽佩；受人欽佩的人、物

We expressed admiration for Shaw as a young coach.

---admirable adj.令人羨慕的

8.contact vt.聯(lián)絡(luò)；聯(lián)系

通過電子郵件/電話與某人聯(lián)系

contact sb by email/telephone

contact n.聯(lián)系；接觸

<1>與某人取得聯(lián)系make contact with

<2>與某人保持聯(lián)系keep in contact with sb

<3>使某人接觸某物bring sb into contact with sb

<4>使某人失去聯(lián)系lose contact with sb

9.credit n.信任；學(xué)分；贊揚(yáng)；信貸

<1>為某人帶來榮譽(yù)；某人值得贊揚(yáng)；在某人名下to one’s credit

<2>獲得學(xué)分receive a credit

<3>因?yàn)?.....而獲得贊揚(yáng)或表揚(yáng)receive a credit for

<4>信用卡a credit card

10.detail細(xì)節(jié)，詳情

<1>詳細(xì)地in detail

<2>詳細(xì)敘述，逐一說明go into detail

----detailed adj.詳細(xì)的

11.request n.請(qǐng)求；要求

<1>要求得到......make a request for

<2>按照要求by request

<3>應(yīng)某人的要求at sb’s request

request vt.請(qǐng)求；要求

<1>要求某人做某事request sb to do sth

<2>向某人索要某事request sth from sb

我的老師要求我經(jīng)常使用英語。

My teacher requested me to use/that I should use English frequently.

12.view n.風(fēng)景；視野；觀點(diǎn)；見解

<1>在視線范圍內(nèi)in view

<2>不在視野中out of view

<3>進(jìn)入視野come into view

<4>對(duì)......一覽無余have a good view of...

<5>乍一看；初見at first view

<6>鑒于，考慮到，由于in view of

view vt觀看；注視；考慮

把......看作......view...as...

13.sight.n景象；看見；視力；視野

<1>進(jìn)入視野，出現(xiàn)在眼前，看見come into sight

<2>看不見，消失lose sight of/out of sight

<3>失明lose one’s sight

<4>在視野內(nèi)，看得見in/within sight

<5>初見，乍一看at first sight

<6>一看見......at the sight of...

14.comment v.評(píng)論

<1>對(duì)某事加以評(píng)論

comment on sth;make a comment/comments on sth

comment n.評(píng)論

<1>不加評(píng)論without comment

<2>她丈夫?qū)λ男掳l(fā)型沒做任何評(píng)論，這令她有點(diǎn)失望。

Her husband made no comment on/about her new hair-style,which made her a little disappointed.

***重點(diǎn)短語***

1.take control of...控制；接管

<1>他雖然已到退休年齡，但仍大權(quán)在握。

He’s reached retiring age,but he is still firmly in control.

<2>誰能管住這些淘氣的孩子？

Who can take control of these naughty children?

<3>這些孩子自他們的父親離開后就無法無天了。

The children are completely out of control since their father left.

2.make up虛構(gòu)；彌補(bǔ)；形成，組成；化妝；講和；和好

<1>Five doctors and ten nurses make up the medical team.

The medical team is made up of five doctors and ten nurses.

<2>湯姆編故事來逗樂他弟弟。

Tom makes up stories to amuse his little brother.

Caroline doesn’t have a gift for music,but she makes up for it with hard work.

<3>Check in在旅館登記住宿；住宿；報(bào)到；簽到；接收并登記。

Check out結(jié)賬離開，核實(shí)無誤。

***重點(diǎn)句型***

全部倒裝

<1>Below are two texts about Peru.Look through them quickly.

以下是秘魯?shù)膬善涛??？焖贋g覽它們。

<2>Especially amazing is the incas’dry stone method of building.

特別讓人驚奇的是印加人的干石建筑法。

句式仿寫

<1>這些書中有我最喜愛的故事書。Among the books is my favourite book.

強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：

<1>It is for this reason that Spanish is the main official language of Peru.

正是因?yàn)槿绱?，西班牙語是秘魯?shù)闹饕俜秸Z言。

句式仿寫

<2>是我明天要去青島。

It is I who am going to Qingdao tomorrow.

as引導(dǎo)的從句

課本原句

<1>Enjoy the beautiful countryside as you spend a day driving along the new high way connecting Cusco to Lake Titicaca.

沿著連接庫斯科到的的喀喀湖的新公路，你可以欣賞美麗的鄉(xiāng)村。

仿寫

<2>當(dāng)我到達(dá)學(xué)校門口時(shí)，.....

Just as I got to the school gate,I realized I had left my book in the cafe,

句式擴(kuò)展

<3>雖然你聰明，...

Clever as you are,I think you will fail if you don’t work hard,

<4>據(jù)今天的報(bào)紙報(bào)道，那位著名的音樂家下周要來我們的城市舉辦音樂會(huì)。

As is reported in today’s newspaper,the famous musician is to give a concert in our city.

3.Can hardly/can’t wait to do迫不及待做某事

<5>我聽說這是一個(gè)令人驚嘆的景象，我迫不及待的想去。

I have heard that it is an amazing sight,and I can’t wait to go.

<6>畢業(yè)生迫不及待地要離開學(xué)校去工作。

The graduates can’t wait to leave school to work.

Unit 3

***Unit 3 Sports and fitness***

***重點(diǎn)單詞***

honour n.榮譽(yù)；尊敬；榮幸

(1)in honour of為了表示對(duì)……的敬意；為了紀(jì)念……

(2)have the honour to do/of doing...有幸做……

=be/feel honoured to do/of doing...為做……而感到榮幸

(3)It's an honour to do...很榮幸做……

honour v.尊敬(某人);給予表揚(yáng)(或獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)、頭銜、稱號(hào))

(4)honour sb.with sth.for...因……授予某人某物

(5)be honoured as...被尊稱為……

→honourable adj.光榮的；高尚的

determine vt.決定；判決

(1)determine to do...決定做……(表示動(dòng)作)

(2)be determined to do...決心做……(表示狀態(tài))

(3)determine on/upon決定

→determination n．決心；決定

with determination堅(jiān)決地；果斷地

→determined adj.堅(jiān)決的；堅(jiān)定的；果斷的

injure vt.(使)受傷；損害

→injured adj.受傷的；有傷的

(1)the injured傷員

→injury n．傷害；損傷

(2)do sb.an injury/do an injury to sb.害某人

strength n．力量；體力

(1)build up one's strength/body強(qiáng)身健體

(2)strengths and weaknesses優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)

(3)The strength of...is that...……的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是……

→strong adj.強(qiáng)壯的

→strengthen vt.加強(qiáng)；鞏固

fail v．失?。徊患案?/p>

(1)fail to do...未能做……

(2)fail in doing sth...在(做）……失敗

→failure n．失??；失敗的人(或事物)

(3)end in failure以失敗告終

[易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥]

(1)failure表示抽象意義的“失敗”時(shí)，不可數(shù)；表示具體意義“失敗的人或事”時(shí)，則可數(shù)。

(2)failure后可接不定式作定語，但不接of doing...。

compete vi.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)；對(duì)抗

(1)compete in參加……比賽；在……方面競(jìng)爭(zhēng)

(2)compete for為……而競(jìng)爭(zhēng)

(3)compete with/against...for...為爭(zhēng)取……而與……對(duì)抗/競(jìng)爭(zhēng)

→competition n．競(jìng)爭(zhēng)

→competitive adj.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的；有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性的

→competitor n．競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者

pretend vi.&vt.假裝；裝扮

pretend to be＋n./adj.假裝是……

pretend to do sth.假裝做某事

pretend to be doing sth.假裝正在做某事

pretend to have done sth.假裝已經(jīng)做了某事

pretend that...假裝……

[拓展]

和pretend有類似用法(后接to do/to be doing/to have done)的動(dòng)詞還有happen，appear，seem，claim等及be said to結(jié)構(gòu)。

diet n．規(guī)定飲食；日常飲食vi.節(jié)食

a balanced diet平衡膳食

be on a diet節(jié)食

go on a diet節(jié)食

stress n．壓力；緊張；重音

(1)under stress在壓力之下

(2)put sb.under great stress使某人感到沉重的壓力

(3)lay/place/put stress on sth.強(qiáng)調(diào)某事物

stress vt.強(qiáng)調(diào)；重讀；使焦慮不安vi.焦慮不安

stress the importance of...強(qiáng)調(diào)……的重要性

→stressful adj.緊張的；有壓力的

positive adj.積極的；正面的；樂觀的；肯定的

(1)on the positive side從好的方面看

(2)be positive about sth.對(duì)某事有信心/樂觀

(3)be positive that...對(duì)……有把握；信心

***重點(diǎn)短語***

come along跟隨；到達(dá)；進(jìn)步；趕快；出現(xiàn)

come up with想出；提出

come about發(fā)生

come across穿過(路、橋)；(偶然)遇見；發(fā)現(xiàn)

come out出來；(書等)出版；發(fā)行

come to蘇醒；總計(jì)；達(dá)到；談到

When it comes to...當(dāng)談到……

work out鍛煉；計(jì)算出；解決；理解；(有預(yù)期的)結(jié)果

work on從事……；繼續(xù)……

work at從事，致力于……

work as充當(dāng)，作為……而工作

at/out of work在工作/失業(yè)

make a difference對(duì)……有作用/有影響

make use of利用；使用

make it獲得成功；準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)

manage it能做到

set an example(for sb)（為...某人）樹立榜樣

follow sb.'s example學(xué)某人的樣子

be an example to sb.成為某人的榜樣

for example例如

fall apart破裂；破碎；崩潰

fall down摔倒

fall off從……掉下來

fall behind落后，跟不上

fall over跌倒，絆倒

fall into養(yǎng)成，染上

fall out(頭發(fā)等)脫落；吵架

[語境助記]

A banana skin fell off the table.The little girl didn't see it.She stepped on it and fell over.What's worse，her bowl broke into pieces.Quickly，her mother ran in and picked her up.If she falls into the habit of depending on parents in everything，the girl will fall behind others in time.

香蕉皮從桌子上掉下來。小女孩沒有看見。她踩到上面滑倒了。更糟的是，她的碗摔成了碎片。她媽媽立刻跑進(jìn)來扶起她。如果小女孩養(yǎng)成事事依賴父母的習(xí)慣，她遲早會(huì)落后于其他孩子的。

lose heart喪失信心；泄氣

(1)put one's heart into...一心撲在……上

learn sth.by heart背誦；記牢……

strike...into one's heart使……刻骨銘心

from the bottom of sb.'s heart從某人的心底

(2)heart and soul全心全意地

give up放棄；投降

give away分發(fā)；贈(zèng)送；泄露

give back歸還

give off發(fā)出(光、熱、聲音、氣味等)

give out分發(fā)；用完；耗盡

give in屈服；投降；讓步；上交

make sense有道理；合乎情理；表達(dá)清楚

(1)make sense of理解；明白

make no sense沒意義

(2)in a sense在某一方面；就某種意義來說

in no sense決不(用在句首時(shí)，句子用部分倒裝)

common sense常識(shí)

There is no/little sense in doing sth.做某事沒道理

make a difference有作用或影響；有差別，造成影響，起作用

make some difference to對(duì)……有些關(guān)系

make no/little difference沒影響，不重要

tell the difference between...and...辨別出……

rather than而不是

(1)rather than而不是

rather sb.than sb.不想做別人要去做的事

(2)or rather更確切地說；更準(zhǔn)確地講

(3)would rather do sth.than do sth.would do sth.rather than do sth.prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.寧愿……而不愿……；與其……倒不如……

(4)would rather＋從句用過去時(shí)，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼奶摂M用過去完成時(shí)，表示對(duì)過去的虛擬

cut out停止做(或使用、食用)；剪下

cut in插嘴，打斷講話

cut across抄近路穿過；橫越

cut down砍倒；縮減

cut off切斷；割掉；截?cái)?退路等)

cut up切碎；傷心

now and then有時(shí)，偶爾

now and then有時(shí)；偶爾

sometimes有時(shí)

at times有時(shí)；偶爾

occasionally偶爾

once in a while偶爾，有時(shí)

compare...with/to……與……比較

***重點(diǎn)句型***

It's up to sb.to do sth.做某事由某人來決定。

up to多達(dá)……

be up to(doing)sth.正在(做)……；從事于……；勝任做……

up to now到目前為止

when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，意為“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”。

when，while和as都可引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句

其具體含義和用法如下：

(1)when“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”，可與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或短暫性動(dòng)詞連用；從句動(dòng)作可以發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前、之后或與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生

(2)while“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”，一般只可與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用，從句動(dòng)作與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生

(3)as“一邊……一邊……”常與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用，從句動(dòng)作與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生

①When you apply for a job，you must present your credentials.

當(dāng)你申請(qǐng)工作時(shí)，你必須遞交你的有關(guān)證書。

②Mary made coffee while her guests were finishing their meal.

客人們就要吃完的時(shí)候，瑪麗去煮咖啡了。

③As he grew older，he became less active.

隨著他逐漸長(zhǎng)大，他變得不那么活潑了。

[名師點(diǎn)津]

如果主句表示的是短暫性動(dòng)作，而從句用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作時(shí)，when，while與as可互換使用。

When/While/As I was walking down the street，I came across an old friend.

我正沿著大街走時(shí)，碰巧遇到了我的一個(gè)老朋友。

even if/though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，語氣較強(qiáng)，此外，if，though，although也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句；意為“雖然，盡管”。

①If life there was full of hardships，it was also full of joy and excitement.

雖然那兒的生活非常艱苦，但是也非常愉快和令人興奮的。(這里的if相當(dāng)于even if)

②Air exists everywhere although we can't see it.

盡管我們看不見空氣，但它卻無處不在。

③Even though/if I understand what you say，I can't agree with you.

雖然我理解你說的話，但我不同意你的意見。

once引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，意為“一旦……就……”

once在本句中引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，意為“一旦……就……”。如果once引導(dǎo)的從句的主語與主句的主語一致，且從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞含有be動(dòng)詞的某種形式時(shí)，或從句為“it be...”形式時(shí)，從句中的“主語＋be”或“it be”可以省略。

①Once trust is lost，what is left?

一旦失去了信任，還剩下什么呢？

②Once the song is heard，it will never be forgotten.

一旦被聽過，這首歌很難被忘記。

③Once seen，the picture is difficult to forget.

一旦看見，這幅畫很難被忘記。

Unit 4

***Unit 4 Natural Disasters***

***知識(shí)清單***

1.rescue vt.營(yíng)救；救援

(1)把某人從......營(yíng)救出來:rescue sb from

rescue n.營(yíng)救；救援

(2)進(jìn)行營(yíng)救:attempt a rescue

(3)設(shè)法（實(shí)行）營(yíng)救:make/perform a rescue

(4)他答應(yīng)在我有危險(xiǎn)的時(shí)候會(huì)來救我。

He promised to come to my rescue if I was in danger.

2.damage vt.損壞、迫害。n.損失；損害

(1)彌補(bǔ)損失:recover a damage

(2)賠償損失:pay for damage

(3)遭受損失、蒙受損害:suffer damage

(4)洪水對(duì)莊稼造成重大的損毀。

The flood did/caused great damage to the crop.

3.survive vi.生存；存活vt幸存、艱難度過

(1)靠......活下來；靠......生存:survive on

(2)比某人多活......survive sb by

(3)在這次空難中沒有人幸免于難。

Nobody survived the disaster.

→survivor n.幸存者；生還者

4.destroy vt.摧毀；毀滅

(1)你的話會(huì)破壞孩子的自信心。

Your words will destroy your child’s confidence.

(2)我們不能再繼續(xù)破壞環(huán)境了。

We can’t continue to destroy the environment.

→destruction n.破壞；毀滅

5.affect vt影響;（疾病）侵襲；深深打動(dòng)；使感染（疾?。?/p>

(1)我們被他的真誠(chéng)深深打動(dòng)。

We were affected by his sincerity.

(2)如今科技極大地影響了我們的生活。

Nowadays technology has greatly affected our life.

6.shelter n避難所；居所；庇護(hù)vt保護(hù)掩蔽躲避

(1)那棵大樹使我們免受大雨的侵襲.

The big tree sheltered us from the heavy rain.

(2)這個(gè)計(jì)劃是為無家可歸的人提供住所。

The plan is to provide shelter for the homeless.

→effect n.影響；效果；結(jié)果

7.ruin vt.破壞；毀壞

(1)毀掉某人的希望、健康:ruin ones hope/health

ruin n.破壞；毀壞

(2)坍塌fall into ruin

(3)災(zāi)難過后，一切都成了廢墟。

After the disaster,everything was in ruins.

8.shock n.震驚；令人震驚的事；休克

(1)文化沖擊:culture shock

(2)震驚；吃驚:in shock

shock vt.使震驚

(3)對(duì)......感到吃驚:be shocked at/by...

(4)我們非常震驚地得知我們喜愛的這位作家已經(jīng)去世。

We were shocked to learn that our favorite writer had passed away

9.trap vt.使落入險(xiǎn)境；是陷入圈套n陷阱；險(xiǎn)境

(1)用......捕捉；使困于......:trap sb/sth in sth

(2)誘騙某人使之采取某種行動(dòng):trap sb into sth/doing

(3)震后，很多人被困于廢墟下。

After earthquake,many people were trapped under the ruins.

10.bury vt.埋葬；安葬

(1)專心于（某事）：陷入，沉浸于；藏于:bury…in...

(2)埋頭于；專心于bury oneself in...

(4)她以手掩面，痛哭起來。

She buried her face in her hands and cried bitterly,

11.effort n.努力；艱難的嘗試；盡力

(1)努力做某事:make an effort/efforts to do sth

(2)不遺余力:spare no effort

(3)值得努力:be worth the effort

(4)毫不費(fèi)力地:without effort

(5)他努力地說英語。

He spoke in English with effort.

12.suffer vt.遭受；蒙受（因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等）受苦

(1)遭受:suffer from

(2)遭受疼痛:suffer pain

(3)他們公司去年生意虧損。

Their company suffered loss in business last year,

→suffering n.痛苦；苦難

13.supply n.供應(yīng)量；補(bǔ)給；補(bǔ)給品。

(1)食物供應(yīng)food supply

(2)供應(yīng)不足in short supply

supply vt.供應(yīng)；供給

(3)提供給某人某物supply sb with sth

(4)把某物提供給某人supply sth to sb

(5)這家商店向顧客提供各種商品。

The shop supplies all kinds of goods to customers.

14.power n.電力供應(yīng)；能量；力量；控制力

(1)某人有權(quán)、能力within one’s power

(2)掌權(quán)come into power

(3)有權(quán)力做某事have the power to do sth

(4)停電power failure

(6)這里沒有人有權(quán)在文件上簽名。

Nobody here has the power to sign the paper.

→powerful adj.強(qiáng)有力的；強(qiáng)大的

15.calm n.鎮(zhèn)靜的；沉著的

(1)保持冷靜:stay/keep/remain calm

她在危險(xiǎn)面前能保持鎮(zhèn)靜。

She can keep calm in the face of danger.

calm vt.使平靜；使鎮(zhèn)靜

(2)使某人鎮(zhèn)靜下來:calm sb down

→calmly adv.平靜地；冷靜地

16.aid n.援助；幫助；救援物資

(1)（對(duì)某人）實(shí)施急救do/give/offer/perform/carry out first aid

(2)幫某人的忙come to the aid of sb

(3)為了幫助:in aid of

為了幫助洪災(zāi)地區(qū)舉行了一場(chǎng)音樂會(huì)。

A concert was given in aid of the flooded areas.

(4)在......的幫助下:with the aid of

aid v.幫助；援助

(5)幫助某人做某事:aid sb in doing sth/aid sb to do sth

(6)在某方面幫助某人:aid sb with sth

17.sweep vt/vi.打掃；清掃(swept swept)

(1)消滅；徹底清除:sweep away

(2)打掃干凈，清掃干凈:sweep out

(3)席卷；輕易通過:sweep through

(4)打掃；清掃:sweep up

(5)晚會(huì)結(jié)束后，她被留下來打掃衛(wèi)生。

She was left to sweep up after the party.

18.wave n海浪；波浪

(1)一波......，一陣......a wave of

wave vt/vi揮手；招手

(2)向......揮手:wave at/to...

她從街對(duì)面向我招手。

She waved at me from across the street.

(3)揮手告別:wave off

→wavy adj波浪形的

19.strike vt/vi.侵襲；突擊；擊打

(1)打一個(gè)男孩:strike a boy

(2)鐘敲了十二下:strike twelve

(3)打擊敵人:strike the enemy

(4)某人忽然想起:It strikes sb that…

(5)我忽然想起家里一個(gè)人也沒有。

It struck me that there was no one at home.

strike n.罷工；罷課；襲擊

開始罷工、罷課:be/go on strike

20.deliver.vt遞送，傳達(dá)，發(fā)表

(1)發(fā)貨:deliver the goods

(2)作報(bào)告:deliver a speech

(3)接生:deliver a baby

(4)送某人到家:deliver to sb’s house

(5)大衛(wèi)會(huì)一大早起來送報(bào)紙。

David would get up early in the morning to deliver newspaper.

→delivery n遞送，分娩

21.summary n.總結(jié)；概括；概要

(1)…的摘要、總結(jié):summary of

(2)作總結(jié):make a summary

(3)總的來說，總之:in summary

總之，這次運(yùn)動(dòng)取得了巨大的成功。

In summary,the campaign has been a great success.

→summarize vt概述；總結(jié)

22.effect n.影響；結(jié)果；效果

(1)實(shí)行:bring/put sth into effect

(2)產(chǎn)生效果:bring about effect

(3)生效；開始實(shí)施:come into effect/take effect

(4)實(shí)際上；事實(shí)上:in effect

(5)從......起開始生效:with effect from

(6)這反過來又對(duì)狼的食物供應(yīng)產(chǎn)生了影響。

This in turn has effect on the food supply for wolves.

→effective adj有效的；生效的

23.length n.長(zhǎng)；長(zhǎng)度

(1)最后，最終:at length

(2)長(zhǎng)度:in length.

(3)十分詳盡地:at great/full length.

(4)桌子的長(zhǎng)度是它的寬度的兩倍。

The length of the table is twice its breadth.

→lengthen v（使）變長(zhǎng)

二、重點(diǎn)短語

1.as if/though似乎，好像；仿佛

(1)引導(dǎo)的從句所表示的內(nèi)容若為事實(shí)或?yàn)槭聦?shí)?？捎藐愂稣Z氣；若為事實(shí)相反，應(yīng)使用虛擬語氣。

(2)他老愛說大話，就仿佛他是一位要人似的。

He likes to talk big as if he was an important person.

(3)聽起來好像有人在敲門。

It sounds as if/though there is a knock at the door.

2.in the open air露天；在戶外

(1)乘飛機(jī):by air

(2)在傳播中:in the air

(3)正在廣播:on the air

(4)停止廣播:off the air

(5)他正在戶外散步。

He is now taking a walk in the open air.

3.on hand現(xiàn)有（尤指幫助）

(1)交上；提交:hand in

(2)分發(fā):hand out

(3)交出；移交:hand over

(4)交付，傳遞:hand on

(5)在手邊；可能很快發(fā)生的:at hand

(6)用手工:by hand

(7)握手:shake hands

(8)手拉手；密切關(guān)聯(lián):hand in hand

(9)如今的女性非常忙碌。一方面，她們要照顧家庭；另一方面，許多婦女又選擇外出工作。

Women today are very busy.On the one hand,they have to take care of their families;on the other hand,many women choose to go out to work.

三、重點(diǎn)句型

1.主語+be+adj+(+for sb)+to do

課本原句

(1)水、食物和電都很難獲得.

Water,food,and electricity were hard to get.

句式仿寫

(2)火山噴發(fā)本身的確是很壯觀的，我永遠(yuǎn)也忘不了我第一次看見火山噴發(fā)時(shí)的情景。

The volcanic eruption itself is really exciting to watch and I shall never forget my first sight of one.

2.be doing……when…正在做......,這時(shí)......

課本原句

(1)我和我的三個(gè)孩子吃早餐的時(shí)候。水開始充滿了我的家。

I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.

(2)我正往家走，老師好心地讓我搭個(gè)便車。

I was walking home when my teacher kindly gave me a lift.

句式拓展

(3)她正要舉手，這時(shí)下課了。

She was about to raise her hand when class was over.

Unit 5

***Unit 5 Languages around the world***

***知識(shí)清單***

一、短語

1．refer to指的是；描述；提到；查閱

2．ups and downs 浮沉；興衰；榮辱

3．date back(to...) 追溯到

4．the attitude to/towards ……對(duì)……的態(tài)度

5．pay attention to 注意

6．be of great importance 很重要

7．be known for 因……而出名

8．lead to 導(dǎo)致

9．be connected with 和……有聯(lián)系

10．play a．..role in 起著……的作用

11．point of view觀點(diǎn)；看法

12．relate to 與……相關(guān)；涉及；談到

13．give up 放棄

14．feel like 感覺像

15．used to 過去常常

16．get/be used to 適應(yīng)，習(xí)慣于

17．compare...with... 與……相比較

18．depend on 依靠，取決于

19．be senior to 比……年長(zhǎng)

20．a(chǎn)side from 除了……之外

二、詞匯用法

native adj.本國(guó)的；本地的n．本地人；本國(guó)人

(1)one's native country/land/language某人的祖國(guó)/故鄉(xiāng)/母語

be native to 原產(chǎn)于……

(2)be a native of...……的人；生長(zhǎng)于……的動(dòng)物或植物

attitude n．態(tài)度；看法；姿態(tài)

attitude to/towards...對(duì)……的態(tài)度/看法

have/take a(n)．..attitude to/towards...對(duì)……持/采取……的態(tài)度

despite prep.即使；盡管，為介詞，后常跟名詞或v.-ing

even if即使；盡管，為連詞，后跟從句

refer to提及；查閱；參考；把…稱作…；指的是

→reference n. 提及；參考；查閱

refer to...as... 把……稱作……

based adj.以(某事)為基礎(chǔ)的→basic adj.基本的；基礎(chǔ)的

(1)base...on/upon 把……建立在……的基礎(chǔ)上

be based on/upon 以……為基礎(chǔ)/依據(jù)

(2)at the base of 以……為基點(diǎn)；在……的底部

date back(to...)追溯(到……)

(1)date back to＝date from 追溯到……

(2)out of date 過時(shí)的，陳舊的

variety n．(植物、語言等的)變體；異體；多樣化→various adj.不同的；各種各樣的→vary vt.&vi. 改變；變化

(1)a variety of＝varieties of 種類繁多的

(2)for various reasons 由于種種原因

(3)vary from...to... 從…到…不等；在…到…之間變動(dòng)

major adj.主要的；重要的；大的n.主修課程；主修學(xué)生vi.主修；專門研究

→majority n.大多數(shù)；→minority少數(shù)....

(1)major in 主修……；以……為專業(yè)

(2)the majority of 大多數(shù)……

be in the majority 構(gòu)成大部分/大多數(shù)

means n．方式；方法；途徑

(1)a means of communication 一種通訊/交流工具

(2)by this means 通過這種方法

by means of 用……辦法；借助……

by no means決不，一點(diǎn)也不(位于句首時(shí)，句子用部分倒裝)

(3)mean vi. 意味著

mean doing sth. 意味著做某事

mean to do sth 打算做某事

regard n．尊重；關(guān)注vt.把……視為；看待

(1)regard/consider...as... 認(rèn)為……是……

(2)have high/no regard for... 高度關(guān)注/無視……

with/in regard to sth. 關(guān)于某事

appreciate vt.欣賞；重視；感激；領(lǐng)會(huì)vi.增值→appreciation n.欣賞；感激

(1)appreciate＋n./pron./v.-ing重視/感激……

I would appreciate it if... 假如……，我將不勝感激

(2)express one's appreciation/thanks to sb.for sth.表達(dá)對(duì)某人的感激之情

struggle n．&vi.斗爭(zhēng)；奮斗；搏斗

struggle for 努力爭(zhēng)取……；為……而斗爭(zhēng)

struggle against/with 與……作斗爭(zhēng)

struggle to do sth. 努力做某事

struggle to one's feet 掙扎著站起來

point of view觀點(diǎn)；看法

from one's point of viewin one's view/opinionas far as sb.is concerned依某人來看

equal n．同等的人；相等物adj.相同的；equally adv.→同樣地；平等地

(1)be equal to 等于

be equal to sth./doing sth. 勝任(做)某事

(2)A equals B in sth. A在某方面比得上B

demand n．要求；需求vt.強(qiáng)烈要求；需要vi.查問

→demanding adj.高要求的；要求嚴(yán)格的

(1)be in(great)demand (迫切)需求

meet/satisfy one's demands 滿足某人的需求

(2)demand to do sth. 要求做某事

demand that...(should)do... 要求……

description n．描寫(文字)；形容→describe vt.描述；形容；描繪

(1)be beyond description 無法形容，難以描述

(2)give a description of... 介紹……

relate vt.聯(lián)系；講述→relation n．關(guān)系

(1)relate sth.to sb. 向某人講述

relate to 與……相關(guān)；涉及；談到

(2)be related to 與……有關(guān)

(3)in relation to 關(guān)于

三、句型

This/That is/was a time when...這是一個(gè)……的時(shí)期

There was a time when...曾有一段時(shí)間……

This was a time when I hated to go to school.

這是我最討厭上學(xué)的時(shí)候。

There was a time when I didn't get along well with my classmates.

有一段時(shí)間我和同學(xué)們相處得不好。

no matter＋特殊疑問詞(如who/what/where/when等)”均可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，

表示不管；無論...，可與特殊疑問詞-ever等詞互換。

No matter how difficult the problem is，we should not lose heart.

=However difficult the problem is，we should not lose heart.無論多么困難的問題，我們不應(yīng)該喪失信心。

as引導(dǎo)狀語從句，意為“隨著”

As China plays a greater role in global affairs，an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history through this amazing language.隨著中國(guó)在全球事務(wù)中扮演著更為重要的角色，越來越多的國(guó)際學(xué)生開始通過漢語這一奇妙的語言了解和欣賞中國(guó)的文化和歷史。

the＋比較級(jí)，the＋比較級(jí) 越……，就越……

the more...，the less... 越……，越不……

the more...the better... ……越多，……就越好

The more he explained，the more confused I became.

他越解釋我就越迷惑。

As is known to us，the lazier a person is，the more things he needs to do tomorrow.

眾所周知，一個(gè)人越懶，他明天要做的事情越多。

The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you will make.

你越仔細(xì)，你就會(huì)越少犯錯(cuò)誤。

have trouble with sth./in doing sth.做……上有困難

have difficulty with sth. 在……上有困難

have difficulty(in)doing sth. 做某事有困難

I hope we won't have any trouble with each other.希望我們彼此之間不會(huì)有什么不愉快的事情。

I had no difficulty in making myself understood.我毫不費(fèi)力地表達(dá)了自己的意思。

動(dòng)詞＋疑問詞＋to do結(jié)構(gòu)

I can't keep all the new vocabulary straight in my head，and I certainly can't remember how to use them all properly.

我不能把所有的新詞匯都記在腦子里，當(dāng)然我也記不得如何正確地使用它們。