【原】蘋果公司出手，抗衡間諜軟件。英語讀頭條（第729期）

新用戶02986T3F 2022-07-11 發(fā)布于北京

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Apple plans new feature to protect journalists and human rights workers from spyware

蘋果計劃推出新功能，保護記者和人權(quán)工作者免受間諜軟件攻擊

By CNN, July 6, 2022

Edited and Translated by Ray & Sally

Apple on Wednesday said it will release a new feature this fall for iPhone, Mac and iPad operating software that is designed to protect high-risk users such as journalists and human rights workers from sophisticated spyware that has been linked to human rights abuses.

蘋果公司周三表示，將在今年秋天為蘋果手機、Mac電腦和iPad操作系統(tǒng)發(fā)布一項新功能，旨在保護記者和人權(quán)工作者等高風(fēng)險用戶免受與侵犯人權(quán)有關(guān)的、復(fù)雜的間諜軟件的侵害。

sophisticated：復(fù)雜的;精密的;先進的

It's one of the biggest steps yet by a major tech firm to combat the lucrative spyware industry, whose tools can break into devices without the victim clicking on anything. It also comes as the Biden administration continues to try to curb the use of spyware.

這是大型科技公司迄今為止打擊利潤豐厚的間諜軟件行業(yè)的最大舉措之一。間諜軟件工具可以在受害者不做任何點擊的情況下侵你的設(shè)備。與此同時，拜登政府也繼續(xù)努力遏制間諜軟件的使用。

lucrative：有利可圖的

The new feature, called Lockdown Mode, will let anyone, with a flick of a button, effectively cordon off parts of their iPhone and other devices from avenues of attack, including email attachments and unsolicited FaceTime calls.

這項名為“鎖定模式”的新功能讓任何人只需輕按一個按鈕，就可以有效地封鎖iPhone的一部分區(qū)域和其他設(shè)備免受攻擊，包括電子郵件附件和未經(jīng)請求的FaceTime通話。

cordon off：（設(shè)置警戒線）包圍，封鎖

But there are some tradeoffs for users while in Lockdown Mode. Device owners won't be able to use certain Apple (AAPL) features such as physically connecting to other computers when the phone is on the lockscreen, or enrolling in mobile device management programs that some employers use to administer work phones.

但在鎖定模式下，用戶有一些功能也被鎖定。設(shè)備所有者將無法使用某些蘋果設(shè)備的功能，例如當手機在鎖屏?xí)r與其他計算機進行物理連接，或者注冊一些雇主用于管理工作手機的移動設(shè)備管理程序。

There are more than a billion iPhones around the world; the new feature is meant for the very small fraction of Apple users who have been targeted by spyware. Apple declined to specify the number of customers who had been targeted by spyware, citing ongoing litigation. But the company said it has now notified customers in about 150 countries that they may have been targeted by spyware. Android, Google's mobile operating system and the most widely used, has had to contend with spyware, too.

全世界有超過10億部蘋果手機在使用；這項新功能是為一小部分被間諜軟件攻擊的蘋果用戶設(shè)計的。蘋果公司以正在進行的訴訟為由，拒絕透露被間諜軟件入侵的客戶數(shù)量。但該公司表示，目前已通知約150個國家的客戶，他們可能已成為間諜軟件的目標。安卓是谷歌的移動操作系統(tǒng)，也是應(yīng)用最廣泛的系統(tǒng)，它也不得不與間諜軟件進行斗爭。

The announcement is a recognition that spyware is a global problem that pits the top engineering talent at surveillance firms like NSO Group and tech giants against each other. Spyware makers will likely try to find ways of circumventing Lockdown Mode. To account for that, Apple said it will pay security researchers who report vulnerabilities in the new feature up to $2 million.

蘋果的這一個公告，將間諜軟件問題提升到了一個全球的高度，它讓我們看到NSO集團和科技巨頭監(jiān)控公司的頂尖工程人才之間的較量。間諜軟件制造商可能會試圖找到繞過封鎖模式的方法。為此，蘋果表示，將向報告新功能漏洞的安全研究人員支付高達200萬美元的獎金。

While Apple continues to emphasize that spyware rarely breaks into its devices, there have been a few high-profile cases of it happening. Last September, Apple released a critical update to its operating software after the discovery that spyware allegedly developed by NSO Group had been used to track a Saudi dissident. Apple then sued NSO Group for allegedly violating a federal anti-hacking law. NSO Group has long maintained that it only sells its software to authorized users for law enforcement and counterterrorism purposes.

雖然蘋果一直強調(diào)間諜軟件很少侵入其設(shè)備，但也有一些引人注目的案例。去年9月，在發(fā)現(xiàn)據(jù)稱由NSO集團開發(fā)的間諜軟件被用于追蹤一名沙特持不同政見者后，蘋果發(fā)布了其操作系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵性更新。蘋果隨后起訴NSO集團，稱其違反了聯(lián)邦反黑客法。而NSO集團長期以來一直堅持，其軟件只銷售給授權(quán)用戶用于執(zhí)法和反恐目的。

Apple on Wednesday said it will release a new feature this fall for iPhone, Mac and iPad operating software that is designed to protect high-risk users like journalists and human rights workers from sophisticated spyware that has been linked to human rights abuses.

蘋果周三表示，將在今年秋天為蘋果手機、Mac電腦和iPad操作軟件發(fā)布一項新功能，旨在保護記者和人權(quán)工作者等高風(fēng)險用戶免受與侵犯人權(quán)有關(guān)的復(fù)雜間諜軟件的攻擊。

From Morocco to Mexico to Singapore, digital forensic experts have uncovered spywaretargeting multiple tech platforms — and built by a range of sellers — that was being used to track the movements of human rights workers, embassy workers and other targets. One such target was said to be the wife of a slain Mexican journalist who was investigating drug cartels, according a 2019 investigation by the Citizen Lab, a digital rights research center at the University of Toronto.

從摩洛哥到墨西哥再到新加坡，數(shù)字取證專家發(fā)現(xiàn)了針對多個技術(shù)平臺的間諜軟件，這些平臺由一系列賣家建造，用于跟蹤人權(quán)工作者、大使館工作人員和其他目標的動向。多倫多大學(xué)數(shù)字權(quán)利研究中心公民實驗室2019年的一項調(diào)查顯示，其中一個目標據(jù)說是一名被殺墨西哥記者的妻子，該記者當時正在調(diào)查販毒集團。

"There's now undeniable evidence ... that the mercenary spyware industry is facilitating the spread of authoritarian practices and contributing to massive human rights abuses," Citizen Lab Director Ron Deibert told journalists this week ahead of the Lockdown Mode announcement.

“現(xiàn)在有無法否認的證據(jù)……那些唯利是圖的間諜軟件行業(yè)正在助長那些威權(quán)做法的傳播，并促成大規(guī)模侵犯人權(quán)，”公民實驗室主任羅恩·德伯特在本周宣布將啟用鎖定模式之前告訴記者。

Apple also said Wednesday that it was giving $10 million to the Dignity and Justice Fund, a grantmaker advised by the Ford Foundation, that will support efforts to investigate and build awareness of spyware. (Deibert is on the advisory board of that grantmaking fund.)

蘋果周三還表示，它將向尊嚴與正義基金會捐款1000萬美元，該基金會是福特基金會建議的一家助款公司，它將支持徹底調(diào)查間諜軟件并使大家能識別哪一家是間諜軟件公司（德伯特是該助款基金的顧問委員會成員。）

The Biden administration has tried to crack down on the proliferation of spyware by adding NSO Group and Candiru, another Israeli vendor, to a Commerce Department list that restricts US business with the firms.

拜登政府亦試圖打擊間諜軟件的擴散，將NSO集團和另一家以色列供應(yīng)商Candiru加入到商務(wù)部限制與美國公司開展業(yè)務(wù)的名單。

The potential national security threat of spyware came into focus last year when the iPhones of about a dozen US State Department employees serving in Africa were hacked with NSO Group's signature product, CNN previously reported.

據(jù)CNN此前報道，去年，美國國務(wù)院在非洲工作的十幾名員工的蘋果手機被NSO集團的招牌產(chǎn)品攻擊，間諜軟件的潛在國家安全威脅成為焦點。

An NSO Group spokesperson said in a response at the time that once the firm learned of the incident, it "decided to immediately terminate relevant customers' access to the system, due to the severity of the allegations." The spokesperson also said it had not received "any indication that NSO's tools were used in this case."

NSO集團的一位發(fā)言人在當時的回應(yīng)中表示，一旦該公司得知這起事件，它“決定立即終止相關(guān)客戶對該系統(tǒng)的訪問，這基于指控的嚴重性?！痹摪l(fā)言人還表示，它沒有收到“任何跡象表明NSO的工具被用于本案。”