今天給大家分享Python使用PyAudio制作錄音工具，文章目錄如下：
應(yīng)用平臺
音頻錄制部分
音頻播放部分
GUI窗口所需屬性值代碼部分
pynput監(jiān)聽鍵盤
總結(jié)
最近有在使用屏幕錄制軟件錄制桌面，在用的過程中突發(fā)奇想，使用python能不能做屏幕錄制工具，也鍛煉下自己的動手能力。接下準(zhǔn)備寫使用python如何做屏幕錄制工具的系列文章：
大概上述四個(gè)部分，希望自己能夠盡快完善，上一篇文章利用opencv制作了屏幕錄制部分，接下繼續(xù)更新系列，使用python錄制音頻。
應(yīng)用平臺
音頻錄制部分
音頻錄制與視頻錄制相似，也是以數(shù)據(jù)幀的方式錄制保存，這次使用強(qiáng)大的第三方包PyAudio和內(nèi)置的wave模塊編寫主要部分代碼：pip install PyAudio
如果出現(xiàn)安裝失敗，可點(diǎn)擊去此處下載對應(yīng).whl文件，cp37代表python3.7環(huán)境，64代表64位操作系統(tǒng)。假如不是下載對應(yīng)的whl包會導(dǎo)致安裝失敗，下載完成后，cmd窗口下進(jìn)入whl的所在目錄，使用pip install PyAudio-xx.whl即可完成安裝。
音頻錄制主要代碼：
from pyaudio import PyAudio, paInt16, paContinue, paComplete
# 設(shè)置固定參數(shù)
chunk = 1024 # 每個(gè)緩沖區(qū)的幀數(shù)
format_sample = paInt16 # 采樣位數(shù)
channels = 2 # 聲道：1，單聲道；2，雙聲道
fps = 44100 # 采樣頻率
# 這里采用回調(diào)的方式錄制音頻
def callback(in_data, frame_count, time_info, status):
'''錄制回調(diào)函數(shù)'''
wf.writeframes(in_data)
if xx: # 當(dāng)某某條件滿足時(shí)
return in_data, paContinue
else:
return in_data, paComplete
# 實(shí)例化PyAudio
p = PyAudio()
stream = p.open(format=format_sample,
channels=channels,
rate=fps,
frames_per_buffer=chunk,
input=True,
input_device_index=None, # 輸入設(shè)備索引, None為默認(rèn)設(shè)備
stream_callback=callback # 回調(diào)函數(shù)
)
# 開始流錄制
stream.start_stream()
# 判斷流是否活躍
while stream.is_active():
time.sleep(0.1) # 0.1為靈敏度
# 錄制完成，關(guān)閉流及實(shí)例
stream.stop_stream()
stream.close()
p.terminate()
采取流式并用回調(diào)函數(shù)錄制，需要先定義保存音頻文件，用wave新建音頻二進(jìn)制文件：
import wave
wf = wave.open('test.wav', 'wb')
wf.setnchannels(channels)
wf.setsampwidth(p.get_sample_size(format_sample))
wf.setframerate(fps)
為了后續(xù)代碼可以很好的與之結(jié)合復(fù)用，將上面的代碼包裝成類
from pyaudio import PyAudio
class AudioRecord(PyAudio):
def __init__(self,):
源碼于文末補(bǔ)充。
音頻播放部分
播放部分代碼與錄制部分代碼相差不大，核心部分：
wf = wave.open('test.wav', 'rb')
def callback(in_data, frame_count, time_info, status):
data = wf.readframes(frame_count)
return data, paContinue
stream = p.open(format=p.get_format_from_width(wf.getsampwidth()),
channels=wf.getnchannels(),
rate=wf.getframerate(),
output=True,
output_device_index=output_device_index, # 輸入設(shè)備索引
stream_callback=callback # 輸出用回調(diào)函數(shù)
)
stream.start_stream()
while stream.is_active():
time.sleep(0.1)
目前暫時(shí)測試了.wav和.mp3格式可以正常錄制及播放，其它類型格式音頻可以自行調(diào)用代碼進(jìn)行測試。
GUI窗口所需屬性值代碼部分
考慮到GUI窗口能較為人性化的輸出及輸入值，編寫該部分代碼，內(nèi)容含音頻時(shí)長及獲取輸入設(shè)備及輸出設(shè)備。
# 音頻時(shí)長
duration = wf.getnframes() / wf.getframerate()
# 獲取系統(tǒng)目前已安裝的輸入輸出設(shè)備
dev_info = self.get_device_info_by_index(i)
default_rate = int(dev_info['defaultSampleRate'])
if not dev_info['hostApi'] and default_rate == fps and '映射器' not in dev_info['name']:
if dev_info['maxInputChannels']:
print('輸入設(shè)備：', dev_info['name'])
elif dev_info['maxOutputChannels']:
print('輸出設(shè)備：', dev_info['name'])
pynput監(jiān)聽鍵盤
在這部分代碼也暫時(shí)使用pynput監(jiān)聽鍵盤來對錄音做中斷處理?？梢哉{(diào)用上一篇文章中的鍵盤監(jiān)聽代碼。
def hotkey(self):
'''熱鍵監(jiān)聽'''
with keyboard.Listener(on_press=self.on_press) as listener:
listener.join()
def on_press(self, key):
try:
if key.char == 't': # t鍵，錄制結(jié)束，保存音頻
self.flag = True
elif key.char == 'k': # k鍵，錄制中止，刪除文件
self.flag = True
self.kill = True
except Exception as e:
print(e)
功能與上一篇類似，不再贅述。
總結(jié)
大家好，我是【??（這是月亮的背面）】。以上就是使用PyAudio調(diào)用windows的音頻設(shè)備進(jìn)行錄制及播放的內(nèi)容了，這篇文章帶大家整體學(xué)習(xí)了使用類及其繼承相關(guān)知識，用法在這只是展示了冰山一角，還有更多的知識等待著我們一起去探索！
于二零二一年十二月二十日作
源碼:
import wave
import time
from pathlib import Path
from threading import Thread
from pyaudio import PyAudio, paInt16, paContinue, paComplete
from pynput import keyboard # pip install pynput
class AudioRecord(PyAudio):
def __init__(self, channels=2):
super().__init__()
self.chunk = 1024 # 每個(gè)緩沖區(qū)的幀數(shù)
self.format_sample = paInt16 # 采樣位數(shù)
self.channels = channels # 聲道：1，單聲道；2，雙聲道
self.fps = 44100 # 采樣頻率
self.input_dict = None
self.output_dict = None
self.stream = None
self.filename = '~test.wav'
self.duration = 0 # 音頻時(shí)長
self.flag = False
self.kill = False
def __call__(self, filename):
'''重載文件名'''
self.filename = filename
def callback_input(self, in_data, frame_count, time_info, status):
'''錄制回調(diào)函數(shù)'''
self.wf.writeframes(in_data)
if not self.flag:
return in_data, paContinue
else:
return in_data, paComplete
def callback_output(self, in_data, frame_count, time_info, status):
'''播放回調(diào)函數(shù)'''
data = self.wf.readframes(frame_count)
return data, paContinue
def open_stream(self, name):
'''打開錄制流'''
input_device_index = self.get_device_index(name, True) if name else None
return self.open(format=self.format_sample,
channels=self.channels,
rate=self.fps,
frames_per_buffer=self.chunk,
input=True,
input_device_index=input_device_index, # 輸入設(shè)備索引
stream_callback=self.callback_input
)
def audio_record_run(self, name=None):
'''音頻錄制'''
self.wf = self.save_audio_file(self.filename)
self.stream = self.open_stream(name)
self.stream.start_stream()
while self.stream.is_active():
time.sleep(0.1)
self.wf.close()
if self.kill:
Path(self.filename).unlink()
self.duration = self.get_duration(self.wf)
print(self.duration)
self.terminate_run()
def run(self, filename=None, name=None, record=True):
'''音頻錄制線程'''
thread_1 = Thread(target=self.hotkey, daemon=True)
if record:
# 錄制
if filename:
self.filename = filename
thread_2 = Thread(target=self.audio_record_run, args=(name,))
else:
# 播放
if not filename:
raise Exception('未輸入音頻文件名，不能播放，請輸入后再試！')
thread_2 = Thread(target=self.read_audio, args=(filename, name,))
thread_1.start()
thread_2.start()
def read_audio(self, filename, name=None):
'''音頻播放'''
output_device_index = self.get_device_index(name, False) if name else None
with wave.open(filename, 'rb') as self.wf:
self.duration = self.get_duration(self.wf)
self.stream = self.open(format=self.get_format_from_width(self.wf.getsampwidth()),
channels=self.wf.getnchannels(),
rate=self.wf.getframerate(),
output=True,
output_device_index=output_device_index, # 輸出設(shè)備索引
stream_callback=self.callback_output
)
self.stream.start_stream()
while self.stream.is_active():
time.sleep(0.1)
print(self.duration)
self.terminate_run()
@staticmethod
def get_duration(wf):
'''獲取音頻時(shí)長'''
return round(wf.getnframes() / wf.getframerate(), 2)
def get_in_out_devices(self):
'''獲取系統(tǒng)輸入輸出設(shè)備'''
self.input_dict = {}
self.output_dict = {}
for i in range(self.get_device_count()):
dev_info = self.get_device_info_by_index(i)
default_rate = int(dev_info['defaultSampleRate'])
if not dev_info['hostApi'] and default_rate == self.fps and '映射器' not in dev_info['name']:
if dev_info['maxInputChannels']:
self.input_dict[dev_info['name']] = i
elif dev_info['maxOutputChannels']:
self.output_dict[dev_info['name']] = i
def get_device_index(self, name, input_in=True):
'''獲取選定設(shè)備索引'''
if input_in and self.input_dict:
return self.input_dict.get(name, -1)
elif not input_in and self.output_dict:
return self.output_dict.get(name, -1)
def save_audio_file(self, filename):
'''音頻文件保存'''
wf = wave.open(filename, 'wb')
wf.setnchannels(self.channels)
wf.setsampwidth(self.get_sample_size(self.format_sample))
wf.setframerate(self.fps)
return wf
def terminate_run(self):
'''結(jié)束流錄制或流播放'''
if self.stream:
self.stream.stop_stream()
self.stream.close()
self.terminate()
def hotkey(self):
'''熱鍵監(jiān)聽'''
with keyboard.Listener(on_press=self.on_press) as listener:
listener.join()
def on_press(self, key):
try:
if key.char == 't': # t鍵，錄制結(jié)束，保存音頻
self.flag = True
elif key.char == 'k': # k鍵，錄制中止，刪除文件
self.flag = True
self.kill = True
except Exception as e:
print(e)
if __name__ == '__main__':
audio_record = AudioRecord()
audio_record.get_in_out_devices()
# 錄制
print(audio_record.input_dict)
audio_record.run('test.mp3')
# 播放
print(audio_record.output_dict)
audio_record.run('test.mp3', record=False)
