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【造詞理據(jù)】-er是后綴，詞根clut源自PIE詞根*glei-（土塊=clay），G形表圓石頭，借指土塊，這里指成堆的、雜亂的。 【例句】Welcome Jesus in and He will clear out the clutter until the air is fragrant andfresh with the purity, power, and pleasure of His presence. 若你接受耶穌，祂會(huì)清理你心中的污濁，直到你這個(gè)人擁有祂同在的純凈、喜悅和能力，并散發(fā)出基督的馨香。 【同根詞】cleat、clay、clod、clot、giant、geo-。 【造詞理據(jù)】-ed是后綴，詞根wick源自原始印歐語詞根*weg-（強(qiáng)力的=strongly、有活力的=lively），W形表水的波紋，引申指水。水是生命之源，這里借“水”指生機(jī)煥發(fā)的、有生命力的。await就指“時(shí)刻保持活力的人、警醒的、等待” 【例句】With his hard line, Mr Sarkozy seems to be behind a ban, although he will nowawait the outcome of the parliamentary mission.持強(qiáng)硬路線的薩科奇先生似乎似乎不久后就會(huì)簽署這一禁令，盡管目前他仍在等候議會(huì)的結(jié)果。 【同根詞】awake; bewitch; bivouac; invigilate; reveille; surveillance; vedette; vegetable; velocity; vigil; vigilant; vigilante;vigor; waft; wait; wake (v.) "emerge or arise from sleep;" waken; watch; Wicca; wicked; witch。 【造詞理據(jù)】-le和-ic是后綴，詞根veh源自PIE詞根*wegh-（移動(dòng)=go、move），象形，W表水的波紋、曲折，引申指轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)的車輛、運(yùn)載工具、交通工具。 【例句】She said did not know, by now the vehicle came. 她說不知道，這時(shí)車就來了。 【同根詞】always; away; convection; convey; convex; convoy; deviate; devious; envoy; evection; earwig; foy; graywacke; impervious; invective; inveigh; invoice; Norway; obviate; obvious; ochlocracy; ogee; pervious; previous; provection; quadrivium; thalweg; trivia; trivial; trivium; vector; vehemence; vehement; vehicle; vex; via; viaduct; viatic; viaticum; vogue; voyage; wacke; wag; waggish; wagon; wain; wall-eyed; wave (n.); way; wee; weigh; weight; wey; wiggle. 【討論】與intervene比較，其PIE詞根是*gwa-（移動(dòng)=come），字母G脫落。比較vehicle與intervene兩個(gè)詞根，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)PIE詞根義相同，也就是說有沒有G的脫落，詞根義不受影響。換而言之，兩個(gè)詞的造詞視角是相同的，英語接受這兩種造詞理據(jù)。 【造詞理據(jù)】ef-是ex-變體，表出來（=out），-ency是后綴，-ic是后綴，詞根fic源自PIE詞根*dhe-（做、放置=set、put），擬聲詞，模仿放置物體時(shí)發(fā)出的聲音，借指做、放置，在這里指做出來的，即效果、效率、功效。 【例句】He said the administration also hopes to make progress in other areas such as air services and energy efficiency. 他說，美國政府還希望在航空服務(wù)和能源效率等方面取得進(jìn)展。 【同根詞】abdomen; abscond; affair; affect (v.1) "make a mental impression on;" affect (v.2) "make a pretense of;" affection; amplify; anathema; antithesis; apothecary; artifact; artifice; beatific; benefice; beneficence; beneficial; benefit; bibliothec; bodega; boutique; certify; chafe; chauffeur; comfit; condiment; confection; confetti; counterfeit; deed; deem; deface; defeasance; defeat; defect; deficient; difficulty; dignify; discomfit; do (v.); doom; -dom; duma; edifice; edify; efface; effect; efficacious; efficient; epithet; facade; face; facet; facial; -facient; facile; facilitate; facsimile; fact; faction (n.1) "political party;" -faction; factitious; factitive; factor; factory; factotum; faculty; fashion; feasible; feat; feature; feckless; fetish; -fic; fordo; forfeit; -fy; gratify; hacienda; hypothecate; hypothesis; incondite; indeed; infect; justify; malefactor; malfeasance; manufacture; metathesis; misfeasance; modify; mollify; multifarious; notify; nullify; office; officinal; omnifarious; orifice; parenthesis; perfect; petrify; pluperfect; pontifex; prefect; prima facie; proficient; profit; prosthesis; prothesis; purdah; putrefy; qualify; rarefy; recondite; rectify; refectory; sacrifice; salmagundi; samadhi; satisfy; sconce; suffice; sufficient; surface; surfeit; synthesis; tay; ticking (n.); theco-; thematic; theme; thesis; verify. 【討論】這種擬聲詞，不能解釋D與F的通轉(zhuǎn)現(xiàn)象，而且F按字母含義可以與fic的詞根義關(guān)聯(lián)。魔法師認(rèn)為完全可以根據(jù)F的含義理解F開頭的詞根，與D開頭的詞根區(qū)別開來。英語也可以接受這種造詞視角。此情況與上一詞vehicle類似。盡管D開頭的與F開頭的詞根有著共同PIE詞根，但不妨將F開頭的詞根視作另一類。 ------------------------------------ 單詞成就英語，英語照見未來
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