前言我們用python在本地電腦上開發(fā)完成一個python自動化項目用例，或者開發(fā)完成一個django項目。
需要部署到另外一臺電腦或者服務(wù)器上的時候，需要導(dǎo)入python相關(guān)的依賴包，可以用freeze一鍵生成requirements.txt文件 freeze生成文件比如我在本地電腦開發(fā)完成了python的一個項目，會涉及到很多第三方的包，并且版本號都得一一對應(yīng)，這樣才能保證遷移過去不會有問題。
在不知道freeze這個功能的時候，我是先pip list 查看所有的第三方包，然后一個個pip安裝，感覺挺傻的。
自從看到別人項目里面有個requirements.txt文件，才知道原來可以通過pip freeze一鍵生成 pip freeze >requirements.txt
[root@yoyo ~]# pip freeze >requirements.txt
[root@yoyo ~]# cat requirements.txt
APScheduler==3.5.3
asn1crypto==0.24.0
# ....太多省略了
xlrd==1.2.0
xlwt==1.3.0
[root@yoyo ~]#這樣在當(dāng)前目錄就會生成一個requirements.txt文件，包當(dāng)前項目的所有第三方包和版本號都會導(dǎo)出來 pip 安裝requirements.txt文件生成后，我們不需要一個個pip安裝，可以在requirements.txt文件當(dāng)前目錄使用pip一鍵安裝 pip install -r requirements.txt
[root@yoyo ~]# pip install -r requirements.txt
Looking in indexes: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
Requirement already satisfied: APScheduler==3.5.3 in /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from -r requirements.txt (line 1)) (3.5.3)
Requirement already satisfied: asn1crypto==0.24.0 in /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from -r requirements.txt (line 2)) (0.24.0)
Requirement already satisfied: atomicwrites==1.3.0 in /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from -r requirements.txt (line 3)) (1.3.0)
# ....太多省略了
Requirement already satisfied: xlwt==1.3.0 in /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from -r requirements.txt (line 62)) (1.3.0)
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools>=0.7 in /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from APScheduler==3.5.3->-r requirements.txt (line 1)) (40.6.2)
[root@yoyo ~]#本地安裝如果你們公司的服務(wù)器限制了網(wǎng)絡(luò)下載，那么只能通過本地安裝了，freeze也可以下載本地包安裝。
假設(shè)A服務(wù)器是沒有網(wǎng)絡(luò)的，你需要在A服務(wù)器上安裝python第三方包，那么你先找個可以連網(wǎng)絡(luò)的服務(wù)器B，在服務(wù)器B上先下載需要的安裝包 服務(wù)器B上下載安裝包先使用pip freeze到處需要安裝的包，比如我想安裝以下包 [root@yoyo site-pkg]# cat requirements.txt
ix==1.12.0
attrs==18.2.0
py==1.7.0
pluggy==0.6.0
atomicwrites==1.3.0
more-itertools==6.0.0
pytest==3.6.3pip download下載相關(guān)安裝包 pip download -r requirements.txt
如果是阿里云服務(wù)器，會出現(xiàn)如下報錯,那么加個參數(shù)—trusted-host mirrors.aliyun.com即可 [root@yoyo site-pkg]# pip download -r requirements.txt
Looking in indexes: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
Collecting ix==1.12.0 (from -r requirements.txt (line 1))
The repository located at mirrors.aliyun.com is not a trusted or secure host and is being ignored.
If this repository is available via HTTPS we recommend you use HTTPS instead,
otherwise you may silence this warning and allow it anyway with '--trusted-host mirrors.aliyun.com'.
Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement ix==1.12.0 (from -r requirements.txt (line 1)) (from versions: )
No matching distribution found for ix==1.12.0 (from -r requirements.txt (line 1))
You are using pip version 18.1, however version 19.2.3 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.加上—trusted-host mirrors.aliyun.com參數(shù) pip download -r requirements.txt —trusted-host mirrors.aliyun.com
[root@yoyo site-pkg]# pip download -r requirements.txt --trusted-host mirrors.aliyun.com
Looking in indexes: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
Collecting six==1.12.0 (from -r requirements.txt (line 1))
File was already downloaded /root/site-pkg/six-1.12.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting attrs==18.2.0 (from -r requirements.txt (line 2))
Downloading http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/3a/e1/5f9023cc983f1a628a8c2fd051ad19e76ff7b142a0faf329336f9a62a514/attrs-18.2.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Saved ./attrs-18.2.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Successfully downloaded six attrs py pluggy atomicwrites more-itertools pytest setuptools
[root@yoyo site-pkg]# ll
total 968
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5885 Aug 25 23:17 atomicwrites-1.3.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 34713 Aug 25 23:17 attrs-18.2.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 52353 Aug 25 23:17 more_itertools-6.0.0-py3-none-any.whl
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13723 Aug 25 23:17 pluggy-0.6.0-py3-none-any.whl
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 83960 Aug 25 23:17 py-1.7.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 195787 Aug 25 23:17 pytest-3.6.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 106 Aug 25 23:16 requirements.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 576332 Aug 25 23:17 setuptools-41.2.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10586 Aug 25 23:17 six-1.12.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
[root@yoyo site-pkg]#這樣就可以下載到.whl后綴的本地包了 服務(wù)器A上本地安裝由于服務(wù)器A上無法聯(lián)網(wǎng)，可以先把上面下載到的相關(guān)包傳到服務(wù)器A上，然后就可以使用pip本地安裝了.
.whl后綴的包是可以直接使用pip本地安裝的。 pip install pytest-3.6.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl
[root@yoyo site-pkg]# pip install pytest-3.6.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Looking in indexes: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
Requirement already satisfied: pytest==3.6.3 from file:///root/site-pkg/pytest-3.6.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl in /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages (3.6.3)
Requirement already satisfied: pluggy<0.7,>=0.5 in /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from pytest==3.6.3) (0.6.0)
Requirement already satisfied: six>=1.10.0 in /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from pytest==3.6.3) (1.12.0)
Requirement already satisfied: atomicwrites>=1.0 in /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from pytest==3.6.3) (1.3.0)
Requirement already satisfied: more-itertools>=4.0.0 in /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from pytest==3.6.3) (6.0.0)
Requirement already satisfied: attrs>=17.4.0 in /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from pytest==3.6.3) (18.2.0)
Requirement already satisfied: py>=1.5.0 in /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from pytest==3.6.3) (1.7.0)
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools in /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from pytest==3.6.3) (40.6.2)
[root@yoyo site-pkg]#如果安裝過程中有的包會有其他的依賴包，需先安裝依賴包，一個個的安裝就可以了。
(注意：windows系統(tǒng)上導(dǎo)出的包，在linux上安裝可能會有失敗的)
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