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TE||FAANGs v BATs

 一天一篇TE 2020-12-08

1

導讀


美國拒絕中國移動進入美市場

2


聽力|精讀|翻譯|詞組

FAANGs v BATs

五虎對三龍

英文部分選自經(jīng)濟學人Leaders版塊

FAANGs v BATs

五虎對三龍

America’s tech giants vie with China’s in third countries

中美科技巨擘將于第三方國家展開激烈競爭

The most titanic commercial battle in the world

世界最大規(guī)模的商業(yè)對決

IT IS the world’s most titanic commercial fight. Facing off are the towering giants of American and Chinese tech, led by the FAANGs (Facebook, Amazon, Apple, Netflix and Google’s parent, Alphabet) on one side and the BATs (Baidu, Alibaba and Tencent) on the other. These are some of the planet’s biggest firms, with a combined stockmarket capitalisation of more than $4trn. At play are some of its most promising markets. Why, then, has the battle largely escaped attention?

這是全世界最激烈的商業(yè)對決,相抗衡的兩端乃中美科技公司——一邊由美國巨擘FAANGs(Facebook、Amazon、Apple、Netflix和谷歌母公司Alphabet)領(lǐng)頭,另一邊則由中國巨擘BATs(百度、阿里巴巴和騰訊)帶隊。他們是這顆星球上最大的一批公司,總市值超四萬億美元。幾個最有前景的市場在其中發(fā)揮重要作用。但為什么這場對決并沒有大范圍引起關(guān)注呢?

One reason is where it is taking place. The titans have avoided each other in their home markets, and rising trade tensions make it ever less likely that a clash will happen there . Except for Amazon and Apple, the FAANGs are already all but banned in China. America, meanwhile, is putting up barriers to Chinese firms. This week the Trump administration declared China Mobile, the world’s largest carrier, a potential threat to national security. Ant Financial, an affiliate of Alibaba, was stopped from buying an American payments firm earlier this year. Tighter investment restrictions are on the way. So the cream of America and China are taking each other on directly only in third countries, such as Brazil, India and Indonesia .

原因之一是對決所在地。兩大巨頭均在本土市場相互回避,而不斷上升的貿(mào)易緊張局勢,也使得沖突發(fā)生在本國的可能性降低。除了Amazon和Apple,其余科技三虎在中國都已被禁止。與此同時,美國正在給中國企業(yè)設(shè)置障礙。本周,特朗普以“國家安全潛在威脅為由,阻止全球最大電信運營商中國移動進入美國市場。今年初,阿里巴巴子公司螞蟻金服,申請并購一家美國支付公司也被拒。將來投資門檻只會更高。所以中美精英們直接也僅僅在諸如巴西、印度、印尼等第三方國家展開對決。

Another reason for the battle’s low profile is that it is not being fought in the open. The American firms have, broadly, transplanted their services to other markets; Amazon has pledged over $5bn to replicate its offerings in India, for example. But the Chinese giants are taking a different tack, buying stakes in local firms and weaving them together into complex tapestries of services. The ecosystem of Tencent and Alibaba, with over 1,000 stakes in foreign firms, includes dozens in emerging markets. Along with Ant, they have backed 43% of all Asian unicorns, startups worth more than $1bn. Chinese tech firms pumped $5bn into Indian startups in 2017, a fivefold increase on the year before. America’s tech giants are wearing uniform abroad; China’s melt into the background.

這場貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)如此低調(diào)的另一個原因,是它并不公開對決。美國公司明顯已經(jīng)將他們的服務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)移到其他市場;例如亞馬遜將投資50多億美元復(fù)制其在印度的商業(yè)模式。但是中國巨頭們采取了不同的策略,收購本土公司股份,將他們連成復(fù)雜的服務(wù)網(wǎng)。騰訊和阿里巴巴的生態(tài)系統(tǒng),擁有超過1000家外國公司的股份,其中包括數(shù)十個新興市場。與螞蟻金服一道,它們已經(jīng)支持了43%的亞洲“獨角獸”公司,它們的創(chuàng)業(yè)公司價值超過10億美元。中國的科技公司在2017年向印度的創(chuàng)業(yè)公司注入了50億美元,比上一年增加了5倍。在海外市場,美國的科技巨頭們端著架子;而中國的公司卻已融入當?shù)厥袌觥?/span>

注1.亞馬遜在印度電商市場如何入鄉(xiāng)隨俗

http://www.sohu.com/a/108288470_464103

2.端架子:

https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%AB%AF%E6%9E%B6%E5%AD%90/5740926?fr=aladdin04

The battle for emerging markets warrants closer attention—and not just because it has been below the radar. It has implications for the world’s tech giants. Over half of Google’s revenues come from outside America; eight of Facebook’s ten biggest territories by user numbers are emerging markets. Alibaba wants to raise the value of sales on its platform that are made abroad to 50% by 2025, implying stratospheric growth in places like India. Around half of the world’s population is online; that leaves an awful lot of new eyeballs to monetise.

我們需要密切關(guān)注新興市場的競爭——不僅僅因為它一直被忽視,更因為它對世界科技巨頭有影響。谷歌超過一半的收入來自美國以外;臉書10個最大的用戶區(qū)中有8個是新興市場。阿里巴巴希望到2025年將其海外市場銷售額提高至50%,這意味著印度等地的銷量將飛速增長。世界上的網(wǎng)民數(shù)量約占世界人口的一半;這就需要吸引大量的新眼球來賺錢。

In addition, a proper east-west tech rivalry promises to bring big economic benefits. At home, the tech giants prompt worries about their dominance. Abroad, they are scrapping for consumers and companies. Ant and Tencent, for instance, are introducing Germans to the blessings of Alipay and WeChat Pay, their mobile-payment systems. Amazon has helped bring big warehouses and other e-commerce infrastructure to India. Over time, many digital markets tend to become more concentrated, as size begets size and winners take most of the spoils. For now, in third countries, competition rages.

此外,東西方科技公司之間正當?shù)母偁幱型麕砭薮蟮慕?jīng)濟效益。于國內(nèi)而言,競爭使得科技巨頭擔憂自己的主導地位。在國外市場上,他們爭搶消費者,競購公司。例如,螞蟻金服和騰訊正大力向德國人推銷他們好用的移動支付系統(tǒng)——支付寶和微信支付。亞馬遜在印度建設(shè)大型的倉庫以及其他電商基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。過不了多久,多數(shù)的數(shù)字市場將越來越集中化,因為規(guī)模越大,收益越大,贏家總是獲得大部分的戰(zhàn)利品。就目前而言,競爭在第三方國家聲勢浩大。

Bloc-heads

死對頭

The last reason to watch this unfolding battle is geopolitical. America and China are vying for digital supremacy. The fight between their tech champions in other markets will inevitably have political overtones. Chinese technology is sold by firms that will work with the authorities. That may tip the scales in their favour in countries with less democratic regimes. Online data provide the fuel for artificial intelligence; deciding if they flow into Chinese computing clouds or American ones could have consequences for how dependent countries become on one superpower. The battle between the FAANGs and the BATs is a commercial one. But its outcome could put third countries in one camp or the other, increasing the risk that the world eventually splits into two techno-blocs.

關(guān)注這場蓄勢待發(fā)的對決,最后一個理由是地緣政治。中美兩國正在競爭數(shù)字霸主地位。不可避免地,兩國科技公司在其他國家的競爭將帶有政治色彩。中國公司與政府合作銷售科技產(chǎn)品。這將使得天平倒向不那么民主的國家。線上數(shù)據(jù)助力人工智能的發(fā)展,這些數(shù)據(jù)是流向中國計算云還是美國計算云,將影響第三方國家對一個超級大國的依賴程度。美國科技五虎(FAANGs)與中國科技三龍(BATs)之間的競爭是商業(yè)性的。但是其結(jié)果將使第三方國家選定自己的陣營,最終增加了世界分裂為兩個科技陣營的風險。

翻譯組:

Han,女,自由職業(yè),經(jīng)濟學人愛好者

Doris,女,法律學習者,經(jīng)濟學人愛好者

Charlotte,女,研究僧,經(jīng)濟學人愛好者

校核組:

Rena,女,國際學校老師,經(jīng)濟學人愛好者

Samantha,女,滑冰狂人,鄧倫未婚妻

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觀點|評論|思考

評論一:

Han,女,自由職業(yè),經(jīng)濟學人愛好者

這是本世紀最激烈的商業(yè)對決,相抗衡的兩端乃中美科技公司——一邊由美國巨擘FAANGs(Facebook、Amazon、Apple、Netflix和谷歌母公司Alphabet)領(lǐng)頭,另一邊則由中國巨擘BATs(百度、阿里巴巴和騰訊)率領(lǐng)。

他們是這顆星球上最大的公司,加起來總市值超四萬億美元。幾個最有前景的市場在其中發(fā)揮重要作用。但為何這場對決卻未能引人注目?

評論二:

Yao,男, 英專本科生,北大苗子

該文認為美國科技公司臉書、亞馬遜、蘋果、奈飛和谷歌和中國科技公司百度騰訊阿里巴巴進行著一場沒有硝煙的戰(zhàn)爭,分析了這場商戰(zhàn)并不引人注目的原因,同時也深究了這場戰(zhàn)爭的深層經(jīng)濟與政治原因。

表面上看,BAT為代表的中國互聯(lián)網(wǎng)企業(yè),正在與谷歌、微軟、亞馬遜等產(chǎn)生直接較量。它們在人工智能、大數(shù)據(jù)、云計算領(lǐng)域的探索,正在讓互聯(lián)網(wǎng)由虛入實,和實體產(chǎn)業(yè)緊密結(jié)合在一起。但細究下去,這場戰(zhàn)爭是國家層面為爭奪大數(shù)據(jù)而產(chǎn)生的客觀表現(xiàn),大數(shù)據(jù)作為一種生產(chǎn)資料,往往誕生在人口集中,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)達的國家。互聯(lián)網(wǎng)公司在長期實踐之中,會積累大量數(shù)據(jù),這些數(shù)據(jù)又會被利用在產(chǎn)品改進、創(chuàng)新之中。有觀點稱,大數(shù)據(jù)將創(chuàng)造下一代互聯(lián)網(wǎng)生態(tài)、下一代創(chuàng)新體系、下一代制造業(yè)形態(tài)以及下一代社會治理結(jié)構(gòu)。因此,大數(shù)據(jù)被視為“國內(nèi)社會治理以及國際戰(zhàn)略博弈的重要一環(huán)”。事實上,早在2012年3月,美國奧巴馬政府曾發(fā)布“大數(shù)據(jù)研究與開發(fā)計劃”,將發(fā)展大數(shù)據(jù)提升至國家戰(zhàn)略層面。海量的大數(shù)據(jù)資源,無疑對精準的預(yù)測和決策指導起著重要的作用。中國和美國作為大數(shù)據(jù)儲備豐富國,不可避免打響這場沒有硝煙的戰(zhàn)爭。

4


愿景

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