五種基本句型之 主語+謂語+賓語 +賓語補足語 這個句型在有的語法書上又叫做主語+謂語+復合賓語,這里的復合賓語=賓語+賓語補足語,這里又新增加一個“東東”:賓語補足語。 說起賓語補足語來,我們先從初中你熟悉的三個句型說起 :ask somebody to do something (邀請某人做某事) tell somebody to do something (告訴某人做某事) want somebody to do something (要求某人做某事) 你不會告訴我,這三個句型那里熟悉呀,根本沒見過,那我只能說,你的英語不是一般的“菜”,上過三年初中,不知道這三位“赫赫有名”的短語,你該是惡補英語的時候了,閑話少說,我們再看由這三個句型構(gòu)成的例句: 1、 I asked him to have dinner. 謂語 賓語 賓語補足語 2、 He told me to clean the room. 謂語 賓語 賓語補足語 3、 Tom wanted me to meet him . 謂語 賓語 賓語補足語 我們看第一個句子,我邀請他吃飯,他(him)是作邀請(asked)的賓語,如果后面沒有to have dinner ,句子意思就不完整,我邀請他,干什么呢?沒說清楚,于是就有 to have dinner 來幫助說清楚,是吃飯的,在這里的to have dinner 就是賓語補足語,這是動詞不定式短語作賓補。(你又在疑惑什么是動詞不定式短語呢?大家知道,to do 是動詞不定式,但是如果動詞不定式中的動詞帶有賓語或者動詞不定式中的動詞有副詞來修飾,這時的動詞不定式就成為不定式短語了。比如 to do something 就是動詞不定式短語,換句話說:這里 to have(動詞不定式) to have dinner(動詞不定式短語)。又比如:to run是 動詞不定式to run fast 是動詞不定式短語)。 上面的三個句子都是不定式短語作賓語不足語來幫助賓語來補充說明,那么除了動詞不定式(短語)作賓補之外,還有什么可以作賓補呢 ? 實際上,能夠作賓補的有很多,我們這里只學習幾種常見的: doing \不帶to的動詞不定式\介詞短語\形容詞等等。請看下面的例句,注意觀察劃線的部分是有什么作的賓語補足語。: 1、I saw a thief stealing something. (我看到一個賊正在偷東西) 2、He made me go home (他讓我回家) 3、Her mother kept her in the room . (她的媽媽讓她待在房間里) 此句型的關(guān)鍵是記住那些動詞后面是跟什么樣的賓補。比如:我們可以說 ask somebody to do something (to do something 作賓補)我們就不能說 ask somebody doing something 換句話說,到底是跟動詞不定式作賓補還是doing 作賓補是某些動詞的“專利權(quán)”,不可侵犯。 下面我給你們想辦法記住動詞后面是跟什么樣的賓補: 首先,哪些動詞后面是跟帶to的動詞不定式(動詞不定式可以分為帶to的動詞不定式和不帶to的不定式兩種,不帶to的不定式實際上就是動詞原形)作賓補的。 主要有:order somebody to do something want somebody to do something tell somebody to do something invite somebody to do something ask somebody to do something beg somebody to do something (注意上面的有六個單詞可以跟動詞不定式作賓補,我們可以按照語氣的強弱來記憶這幾個單詞:命令>要求>告訴>邀請>請求>乞求) 此外,還有 advise somebody to do something allow somebody to do something warn somebody to do something teach somebody to do something 其次,哪些動詞后面可以跟不帶to的動詞不定式作賓補的,我們可以用下面一句話來幫助你記憶: 一感二聽三讓五看半幫助 這里:一感(feel)二聽(hear\listen to )三讓(let \make\have)五看(see\watch\notice\observe\look at)半幫助(help). 即: feel hear listen to let make leave somebody do sth see watch notice observe look at help 上面這些詞都是用于動詞后面可以跟不帶to的動詞不定式,應熟記之。 最后,哪些動詞后面是跟doing作賓補的,我們?nèi)匀豢梢越柚厦娴木渥觼碛洃?,上面的單詞中除了三讓(have\let\make)半幫助(help)不能跟dong作賓補之外, 其它都是可以的。(即:一感二聽五看,實際上它們都屬于感官動詞) 練習四 一 判斷下列句子是主謂+雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)還是主謂+復合賓語,如果是主謂+復合賓語,請指出復合賓語是由什么充當?shù)摹? 1. I watch the boy playing foot ball. 2. My good friend told me a story 3. Tom lent me a pencil. 4. LiLi noticed two dogs fight . 5. I looked at her flying a kite . 6. Please hand me the paper . 7. The lion ordered the hen to give him some eggs. 8. He wanted you to go with him. 9. Lu Yang told the little boy to go home. 10. She asks me to help her . 11. My parents leave me some money . 12. Lucy leads me a pencil . 13. Mother got me some tea . 14. LiLei found 100 yuan in the room. 15. He showed me her photos . 16. The fans made Lin Junjie a famous star. 17. Mom let me in. 18. The rich man bought his son an MP4. 19. The teacher observes the boy sleep. 20. The teacher made her monitor. 21. I saw the baby cry. 22. I paid him three yuan . 23. He passed me an eraser. 24. Lucy heard her neighbor singing 25. Tom teaches us English. 26. They asked the teacher to explain it again . 27. Let me read you his letter . 28. Would you sing us an English song ? 29. I will lend you something. 30. Did you notice me leave the house 練習四答案 一 判斷下列句子是主謂+雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)還是主謂+賓語+賓補,如果是主謂+賓語+賓補,請指出賓補是由什么充當?shù)摹? 1. I watch the boy playing foot ball. 我看到那個男孩在踢足球。主謂+賓語+賓補。 playing foot ball做賓補 2. My good friend told me a story 我的好朋友給我講了一個故事。主謂+雙賓 3. Tom lent me a pencil. 湯姆借給我一個鉛筆。主謂+雙賓 4. LiLi noticed two dogs fight. 李利注意到兩個狗在打架。主謂+賓語+賓補,fight做賓補 5. I looked at her flying a kite. 我看到她在放風箏。主謂+賓語+賓補。flying a kite做賓補 6. Please hand me the paper . 請遞給我一張紙。主謂+雙賓 7. The lion ordered the hen to give him some eggs. 那頭獅子命令那只母雞給他一些雞蛋。主謂+賓語+賓補。 to give him some eggs做賓補 8. He wanted you to go with him. 他要你一起跟他去。主謂+賓語+賓補。to go with him做賓補 9. Li Yang told the little boy to go home. 李揚叫那個小男孩回家。主謂+賓語+賓補。to go home做賓補 10. She asks me to help her . 她請我去幫助她。主謂+賓語+賓補。to help her做賓補 11. My parents leave me some money . 我的父母親留給我一些錢。主謂+雙賓 12. Tom leads me a pencil . 湯姆借給我一只鉛筆。主謂+雙賓 13. Mother got me some tea . 媽媽給我取了一些茶。主謂+雙賓 14. LiLei found 100 yuan in the room. 李蕾發(fā)現(xiàn)有100元在房間里/李蕾在房間里發(fā)現(xiàn)了100元。主謂+賓語+賓補。in the room做賓補 15. He showed me her photos . 他讓我看了看她的照片。主謂+雙賓 16. The fans made Lin Junjie a famous star. 那些粉絲們讓林俊杰成為一個明星。主謂+雙賓 17. Mom let me in. 媽媽讓我進去。主謂+賓語+賓補。in做賓補 18. The rich man bought his son an MP4. 那個有錢人給他的兒子買了一個MP4。主謂+雙賓 19. The teacher observes the boy sleep. 那個老師觀察到那個男孩睡覺了。主謂+賓語+賓補。sleep做賓補 20. The teacher made her monitor. 老師讓她做班長。主謂+雙賓 21. I saw the baby cry. 我看到那個男孩哭了。主謂+賓語+賓補。cry做賓補 22. I paid him three yuan . 我付給他三元。主謂+雙賓 23. He passed me an eraser. 他遞給我一個橡皮。主謂+雙賓 24. She heard her neighbor singing 她聽到她的鄰居在唱歌。主謂+賓語+賓補。singing做賓補 25. Tom teaches us English. 湯姆教我們英語。主謂+雙賓 26. They asked the teacher to explain it again . 他們請老師在解釋一遍。主謂+賓語+賓補。to explain it again做賓補 27. Let me read you his letter . 讓我給你讀讀他的信。主謂+雙賓 28. Would you sing us an English song ? 你可以給我們唱支英文歌嗎?主謂+雙賓 29. I will lend you a book 。 我將借給你`一本書。主謂+雙賓 30. Did you notice me leave the house? 你注意到我離開房子嗎?主謂+雙賓
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