一、動(dòng)詞后直接加not。 原句中含有be動(dòng)詞 (am, is, are, was, were) 。 I am a teacher. ---->I am not a teacher. 我是一個(gè)老師。---->我不是老師。 原句中含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 (can, shall, will, may, should, would, might, had better 等) 。 Li Lei can swim.---->Li Lei cannot/can't swim. 李雷會(huì)游泳。---->李雷不會(huì)游泳。 He will go to the zoo if it rains tomorrow.---->He will not/won't go to the zoo if it rains tomorrow. 如果明天下雨,他將去動(dòng)物園。---->如果明天下雨,他就不去動(dòng)物園了。 原句中含有助動(dòng)詞(have, has, had)。 We have learned 3,000 words. ---->We have not/haven't learned 3,000 words. 我們已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了3000個(gè)單詞。---->我們還沒有學(xué)會(huì)3000個(gè)單詞。 We have heard from him since he left. ---->We have not heard from him since he left. 他走后我們收到他的來信。---->他走后杳無音訊。 二、原句中沒有be動(dòng)詞,助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),要在行為動(dòng)詞前加助動(dòng)詞 (do, does, did) 與否定副詞 not 的縮寫形式。 句中第一個(gè)動(dòng)詞是原形時(shí),在其前加上don’t。 I get up at six o'clock every day.---->I don't get up at six o'clock every day. 我每天六點(diǎn)起床。---->我沒有每天六點(diǎn)起床。 I go to dance classes here in New York. ---->I don't go to dance classes here in New York. 我在紐約上舞蹈課。---->我不在紐約上舞蹈課。 句中第一個(gè)動(dòng)詞是三單形式時(shí),在其前加上doesn’t,原來的動(dòng)詞三單形式改為動(dòng)詞原形 。 Mr Wang works in a factory.---->Mr Wang doesn't work in a factory. 王先生在一家工廠工作。---->王先生不在工廠工作。 He goes out drinking night after night. ---->He doesn't go out drinking night after night. 他一夜又一夜地外出喝酒。---->他每晚都不出去喝酒。 句中第一個(gè)動(dòng)詞是過去式時(shí),在其前加上didn’t,原來的動(dòng)詞過去形式改為動(dòng)詞原形 。 Xia Lin visited our friends last night.---->Xia Lin didn't visit our friends last night. 夏琳昨晚拜訪了我們的朋友。---->夏琳昨晚拜訪了我們的朋友。 She cried when she spoke of Oliver. ---->She didn't cry when she spoke of Oliver. 她提起奧利弗的時(shí)候哭了。---->她提起奧利弗的時(shí)候沒哭。 三、肯定句變否定句的特殊情況 肯定句變否定句時(shí),除將謂語變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ酵?,句中其他詞語也可能隨之改變, 如將some改為any, too和also改為either,already改yet,and改為or等。 There are some birds in the tree.---->There aren’t any birds in the tree.樹上有些鳥。---->樹上沒有鳥。 He likes the girl, too.---->He doesn’t like the girl, either. 他也喜歡這個(gè)女孩。---->他也不喜歡這個(gè)女孩。 We have already seen the film.---->We have not seen the film yet. 我們已看過這部電影。---->我們沒有看這部電影。 He likes singing and dancing. ---->He doesn’t like singing or dancing. 他喜歡唱歌和跳舞。---->他不喜歡唱歌和跳舞。 在含有賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句中,當(dāng)主句的主語是第一人稱,謂語動(dòng)詞是think, believe, guess時(shí),如果要否定后面的賓語從句,習(xí)慣上否定主句的謂語動(dòng)詞。 I think he is 13 years old.---->I don't think he is 13 years old. 我認(rèn)為他13歲了。---->我認(rèn)為他沒有13歲。 I believe she will come here soon.---->I don’t believe she will come here soon. 我相信她很快就會(huì)來這里。---->我相信她不會(huì)很快就會(huì)來這里。 在其他復(fù)合句中一般將主句變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ健?/span> I was cooking when Mum got home.---->I was not cooking when Mum got home. 媽媽回家時(shí)我正在做飯。---->媽媽回家時(shí)我不在做飯。 He was sleeping when I came back. ---->He was not sleeping when I came back. 當(dāng)我回來時(shí),他正在睡覺。---->當(dāng)我回來時(shí),他沒在睡覺。 肯定句中含有both, both … and 時(shí),變否定句時(shí)both →neither;both … and→neither … nor;all→none。 Both of us are students. ---->Neither of us is a student. 我們都是學(xué)生。---->我們倆都不是學(xué)生。 I know both English and Chinese.---->I know neither English nor Chinese. 我既懂英文又懂中文。---->我既不懂英文也不懂中文。 All of them like bananas.---->None of them like(s) bananas. 他們都喜歡香蕉。---->他們都不喜歡香蕉。 肯定句中含有every-, some- 的合成詞,變否定句時(shí)常改為含有no- 的合成詞。 Everything is ready.---->Nothing is ready. 一切就緒。---->什么都沒有準(zhǔn)備好。 There is something wrong with my bike.---->There is nothing wrong with my bike. 我的自行車出毛病了。---->我的自行車沒有毛病。 肯定句中含有 “形容詞+ enough to do sth.”, 變否定句時(shí)改為“ too +形容詞的反義詞+ to do sth.”。 She is old enough to go to school.---->She is too young to go to school. 她到了可以上學(xué)的年齡了。---->她太小了,不能上學(xué)。 He is tall enough to reach the lamp.---->He is too short to reach the lamp. 他個(gè)子高,能夠到燈了。---->他太矮了,夠不到燈。 肯定句中含有always和ever, 變否定句時(shí)改為never 。 He is always late for school.---->He is never late for school. 他上學(xué)總是遲到。---->他上學(xué)從不遲到。 My uncle's ever been to many parts of England.---->My uncle has never been to many parts of England. 我叔叔去過英國很多地方。---->我叔叔從未去過英國的許多地方。 祈使句的肯定式變否定式,一般情況下,在句首的動(dòng)詞前加 Don't 。 Close the door.----> Don't close the door. 關(guān)上門。---->不要關(guān)門。 Leave the envelope open.---->Don't leave the envelope open. 別封上信封。---->不要讓信封開著。 Let開頭的祈使句,在變否定句時(shí)常在其后加not有時(shí)也可在其前加Don't 。 Let her come in.---->Let her not come in. = Don't let her come in. 讓她進(jìn)來。---->不要讓她進(jìn)來。 動(dòng)詞不定式變否定式時(shí),常在不定式符號(hào)to前加not 。 The teacher asked me to speak more loudly.---->The teacher asked me not to speak more loudly. 老師讓我說得更大聲些。---->老師叫我不要大聲說話。 You tell me to tell people. ---->You tell me not to tell people. 叫我告訴別人。---->叫我不要告訴別人。 部分否定與完全否定,可能涉及部分否定的詞語有both, all, always, every等, 即not both 表示“并非兩者都” ,not all 表示“并非所有的都” ,not always表示“并非總是” ,not every 表示“并非每個(gè)…都” 。 All of us laughed when we heard it.---->All of us didn’t laugh when we heard it. 聽到這事時(shí)我們都笑了。---->聽到這事時(shí)我們并未都笑。 All of us laughed when we heard it.---->Not all of us laughed when we heard it. 聽到這事時(shí)我們都笑了。---->聽到這事時(shí)我們并未都笑。 All of us laughed when we heard it.---->None of us laughed when we heard it. 聽到這事時(shí)我們都笑了。---->聽到這事時(shí)我們都沒笑。 需要分清do, does, did, have, has, have, had等是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞還是助動(dòng)詞。如果是助動(dòng)詞,則在它們后面直接加not, 如果是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,則在它們前面根據(jù)實(shí)際情況加don’t, doesn’t 或didn’t 。 誤:He usually does his homework in the evening.---->He usually doesn’t his homework in the evening. 正:He usually does his homework in the evening.---->He doesn’t usually do his homework in the evening. 他通常晚上做作業(yè)。---->他通常晚上不做作業(yè)。 誤:Tina has gone home.---->Tina doesn’t have gone home. 正:Tina has gone home.---->Tina hasn’t gone home. 蒂娜回家了。---->蒂娜沒有回家。
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