關(guān)鍵詞:學(xué)術(shù)報告 編者按 本文摘錄自“前沿計算科研實踐II”課程指導(dǎo)老師、北京大學(xué)前沿計算研究中心執(zhí)行主任陳寶權(quán)教授的課堂分享。原文為英文,小編整理了中文翻譯,以饗讀者。 *This write-up is a compilation of experiences and wisdom shared by many, with the final touch by Baoquan Chen. *本文內(nèi)容來自許多人分享的經(jīng)驗和智慧,由陳寶權(quán)教授最終整理。 寫在前面 Below are what I believe to be useful guidelines for a talk. None of them are cast in stone, but it is my contention that the less skilled the speaker, the more useful these guidelines will be. Some people will disagree with specific points below, as there is more than one school of thought on this subject, but I expect you will have success if you follow them anyway. 以下分享一些我認(rèn)為對做好學(xué)術(shù)報告有效的指導(dǎo)方法。它們并不是“萬能寶典”,但我認(rèn)為,報告人的經(jīng)驗越少,這些方法就越有用。對于文中的一些觀點有不同意見完全可以理解,但我希望如果你學(xué)習(xí)了文中的一些方法,能對自己的學(xué)術(shù)報告有所幫助。預(yù)祝報告成功! Write a Talk 寫講稿 0 1 Decide the ideas you want to convey; in a technical talk, these are typically the novelty and strengths of your work. 決定你想要傳達(dá)的想法;在學(xué)術(shù)報告中,通常是指研究成果的創(chuàng)新和特色。 小編碎碎念:俗話說,好的主題是成功的一半。俗話又說,成功的另一半,繼續(xù)往下看。 0 2 Consider the time limit carefully. Ensure you don't have too many points to make. 時間限制很重要!確保你(在規(guī)定時間內(nèi))不要講過多的內(nèi)容。 小編碎碎念:世界上最悲慘的事莫過于,時間到了,我還沒講完…… 0 3 Outline the talk in a very straight-forward way; don't make your points indirectly. 請直接了當(dāng)?shù)馗攀鰣蟾鎯?nèi)容;不要期待觀眾都能聽懂你的含蓄表達(dá)。 小編碎碎念:直入主題,抓住眼球,你就是全場最帥的仔! 0 4 Decide exactly what you will say ahead of time. Memorize catch phrases. They won’t come to you when you are in front of the audience. 提前決定好你要說什么。記住提示語。當(dāng)站在觀眾面前時,這些前期準(zhǔn)備會幫助你順利完成報告。 0 5 Always include a conclusion. 一個總結(jié)是必要的。 小編碎碎念:別笑!真的有人沒有總結(jié)就直接over了,這樣的報告也很容易o(hù)ver…… Practice Practice Practice! 練習(xí)、練習(xí)、再練習(xí)! 0 1 Practice with slides gives you familiarity with your talk and helps create mental cues. 用你的PPT練習(xí),(模擬現(xiàn)場報告環(huán)境)可以讓你對自己的報告更加熟悉。 0 2 Practice with an audience, after you have learned the words. 當(dāng)你對報告內(nèi)容比較熟悉后,找人模擬觀眾再加以練習(xí)。 小編碎碎念:對著白菜報告和對著真人報告絕對不是一個概念,試試就知道啦! 0 3 Practice more. 練習(xí)練習(xí)再練習(xí)。 0 4 Make sure your first 5 minutes and last 2 minutes are perfect. 確保你報告的前5分鐘和最后2分鐘是完美的。 小編碎碎念:開頭和結(jié)尾必須hold住。 Slides PPT 0 1 Remember, the slides are not the talk, you are the talk. 記住,PPT不是報告的關(guān)鍵,你才是。 小編碎碎念:當(dāng)然,PPT也很關(guān)鍵。 0 2 Avoid text passages on slides. They can't read it. You shouldn't be reading it. Keep text to bullets, with about 5 words or less. 避免在PPT上出現(xiàn)大段文字——沒人會看的。你的報告也不應(yīng)該是“PPT朗讀”。把想表達(dá)的內(nèi)容以要點的方式列出,每個要點的內(nèi)容不要超過5個字。 小編碎碎念:如果你能確保報告的時候會一直站在電腦前,可以把一些擔(dān)心忘記的內(nèi)容以“備注”的方式放到PPT上,方便自己在報告時隨時看一眼。 0 3 Try to keep the amount of time spent on a slide short. People like to see progress. 在每頁PPT上停留的時間不要太長,觀眾喜歡看到進(jìn)展(和變化)。 小編碎碎念:如果這一頁有很多要講的內(nèi)容,可以用動畫的形式分批展現(xiàn),或?qū)⒁豁摬鸪蓭醉搧碇v,效果都不錯。 0 4 Use multiples of the same slide rather than fumbling to find one that is already past. This is especially useful for outlines. 以多次使用同一頁PPT的方式代替笨拙地在已經(jīng)講過的PPT中尋找某一頁。這一點尤其適用于概述頁。 小編碎碎念:概述頁可以在每一個要點前重復(fù)出現(xiàn),并將接下來要講的要點標(biāo)亮,對自己和觀眾都能起到提示的作用,也會使報告顯得更有條理性。 0 5 I personally don't like too fancy slides. But you can develop your own style. 盡管我個人不喜歡太花俏的PPT,但我鼓勵大家發(fā)掘自己的風(fēng)格。 小編碎碎念:設(shè)計自己PPT風(fēng)格的時候,請務(wù)必考慮受眾群體。“我不要你覺得,我要我覺得”是大忌。 General Tips 實用建議 0 1 Avoid barriers, don't hide behind the projector. (報告的時候)避開障礙物,不要躲在投影儀后面。 0 2 Point to slides on the screen, not the computer screen. (講要點的時候)指向大屏幕上的PPT,而不是電腦屏幕。 0 3 Face the audience and talk to them. You may look away from time to time. 面向觀眾,和他們交談。你可以時不時地把目光移開。 小編碎碎念:報告全程背對觀眾的,小編也不是沒見識過,想拍個正面照都難…… 0 4 Make eye contact. Include everyone, sleepers are distracting. 注意眼神交流,包括所有人。 小編碎碎念:對于睡覺的人,是要用眼神喚醒他們嗎? 0 5 Motion is important. Don't rock or pace, but be animate. Move around, gesture; be natural but perhaps a little more enthusiastic than normal. 行為舉止很重要。避免搖擺或來回踱步,但要充滿活力。四處走動一下,適當(dāng)加入手勢;保持自然,但可能要比平常更熱情一些。 小編碎碎念:不能不動,又不能老動,自己體會一下。 0 6 Sign post. Tell them what you are about to tell them, tell it to them, and tell them again what the salient points were. This can be overdone, but usually isn't. 介紹要點。向觀眾介紹你將闡述的各個要點,并在報告中有需要的時候不斷重復(fù)。這樣做有可能稍顯過頭,但多數(shù)情況是強調(diào)得不夠。 小編碎碎念:說得多好過說得不夠(況且絕大多數(shù)人說得都不夠)。多說幾遍,哪怕觀眾只記住了你重復(fù)的要點,也是值得的。 0 7 Leave the room lights on. Remember, you are the talk. 讓房間的燈開著。記住,你才是報告的關(guān)鍵。 0 8 Ask for questions occasionally. This is just polite in a technical talk. 偶爾詢問觀眾是否有問題。這在學(xué)術(shù)報告中是一種禮貌行為。 0 9 Being nervous is part of the deal. 緊張是報告的一部分。 小編碎碎念:緊張通常是不可避免的,不要害怕,平常心面對。 Tricks 小技巧 0 1 A pause, in which you simply look at the audience, can do wonders for getting the audience's attention. 適當(dāng)?shù)耐nD,在此期間可以簡單地看向觀眾,這有助于吸引觀眾的注意力。 0 2 Repeat audience questions in your own words. It helps you to avoid misunderstanding the question, and gives you a few seconds to think. Don't do this with trivial, clear questions. 觀眾提問時,用自己的話將問題再重復(fù)一遍。這樣做能夠確保你正確理解問題,同時為自己贏得幾秒鐘的思考時間。注意,不要將此方法用于特別簡單直接的問題。 小編碎碎念:明天星期幾?嗯,你是想問明天是這一周的第幾天嗎?…… 0 3 If your audience looks particularly bored or lost, do something dramatic. For example, turn off the projector, step out in front of it, and gives 45 second summary of what you've said so far and where you are going next. Another example: Walk away from the projector, sit down on a table, and talk directly to the person at the end of the front row. 如果你的觀眾看起來(對報告)感到非常的無聊或者困惑,可以嘗試做一些特別的舉動。比如,關(guān)掉投影儀,走到前面,用45秒的時間總結(jié)一下你之前所講的內(nèi)容,以及接下來要講的內(nèi)容。又或者,離開投影儀(講臺),坐下來和第一排的觀眾講講話。 小編碎碎念:私以為這比較適合進(jìn)階型選手,耍不好容易形成尬聊局面,用之前請多加練習(xí)! 寫在最后 In the end, there is no substitute for having good material and knowing it well, but I think you will find that those are necessary, not sufficient conditions for a good talk. 總之,有好的報告素材并熟悉自己的報告內(nèi)容是一個好報告的核心,這一點毋庸置疑。但我想你會發(fā)現(xiàn),這是一個優(yōu)秀報告的必要條件,而不是充分條件。 互 動 環(huán) 節(jié) 號外!本號開通以來的首次互動哦! — 版權(quán)聲明 — |
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