When a country imports goods, It spends its currency aborad. When a country exports goods, it is paid in foreign currency.

當(dāng)一個國家進口貨物時，它用其貨幣向國外支付。 當(dāng)一個國家出口貨物時，它收取外匯。

The difference between the money a country earns for goods and the amount it spends on goods is called its balance of trade (or trade balance)

一個 國家以出口貨物賺取的外匯與支付進口貨物所用外匯之間的差額稱為貿(mào)易余額（或貿(mào)易差額）

Countries also trade abroad in things like insurance, tourism, foreign investment etc. which are known as invisible imports and exports。 

國家還在保險，旅游,國外投資等被稱為隱形進出口。

When a country receives money from abroad for things other than goods, the transaction is called an invisible export,

當(dāng)一個國家從國外收到貨物以外的其他的貿(mào)易收匯時，該交易被稱為隱形出口。

When a country spends money abroad on things other than goods, the transaction is called an invisible import.

當(dāng)一個國家對除貨物以外的事物支付外匯到國外，該交易被稱為隱形進口。

the difference between the total amount of money a country spend and the total amount it earns is its balance of payments.

一個國家支出的總金額與其所賺取的總金額之間的差額是其國際收支。

If a country earns more than it spends, it has a favourable balance of payments. A favourable balance of payments is also called a balance of payments surplus.

如果一個國家的收入超過它的支出，它有一個有利的國際收支。 有利的國際收支也稱為國際收支盈余。

If a country spends more than it earns it has an unfavouralbe balance of payments, This is also called a blance of payments deficit.

如果一個國家的支出超過它的收入，它有一個非常不平衡的國際收支，這也被稱為支付赤字。

In order for international trade to take place, countries have to buy and sell foreign currency.This is done on the foreign exchange market. 

為了進行國際貿(mào)易，各國必須買賣外匯。這是在外匯市場上進行的。

The value of a currency on the foreign exchange market changes frequently and the price at which oney can be exchanged at a particular time is called the exchange rate ( or rate of exchange)。

外匯市場上的貨幣的價值經(jīng)常變化，并且在特定時間可以交換的價格被稱為匯率（或匯率）

The changes in the exchange rate are influenced by many political and economic factors, The value of a currency will probably fall, for example, if a country has a large trade balance deficit.

匯率的變化受許多政治和經(jīng)濟因素的影響。例如，如果一個國家有大量貿(mào)易赤字，貨幣的價值可能會下降。

The exchange rate can affect the price of exported goods. If the value of the exporter's currency falls (or takes a fall) he will make more profit. 

匯率可能影響出口貨物的價格。 如果出口商的貨幣價貶值（或下跌），他將獲得更多的利潤。

On the other hand, if the value of the foreign currecny takes a fall, the exporter may have to raise his prices abroad in order to make a profit.

另一方面，如果外國貨幣的貶值，出口商就不得不把他的出口價格提高，以便賺取利潤。

Alternatively the exporter can take out forward exchange cover, Forward exchange cover is a form of insurance. 

或者，出口商可以采取遠期外匯交易保障，遠期外匯交易保障是一種形式的保險

The exporter arrange to sell forwards (e.g. in three months time) at an agreed rate of exchange the foreign currecny he will receive from the sale of goods. this guards the exporter against losing money if the foreign currency falls in value).

出口商事先以商定的匯率安排賣出出口貨物所得的外匯（例如三個月）。 這將保護出口商免于因為外匯貶值造成損失）。