自從兩周前發(fā)出了上篇后，后臺(tái)一直收到學(xué)弟學(xué)妹們的催更，下篇啥時(shí)候來呢？久等了，來了！在下篇里，我會(huì)就剩下兩個(gè)中英表達(dá)的關(guān)鍵區(qū)別進(jìn)行介紹。二、中文是注重并列關(guān)系的，英文是注重主從關(guān)系的相信大家都有這個(gè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，在學(xué)習(xí)古文的最討厭碰到一些介詞，比如“而”“之”，民間不完全統(tǒng)計(jì)大概每個(gè)有7,8種意思，每當(dāng)老師聲情并茂解讀的時(shí)候我都不由得虎軀一震，什么“表承接”“表并列”。到最后我實(shí)在沒方法我就記住了老師無可奈何對(duì)我說，你分不清的時(shí)候就寫“表并列”吧，那個(gè)考的幾率比較多。這個(gè)介詞在英語中同樣運(yùn)用地我無話可說！介詞是英語的靈魂（請(qǐng)看我的眼神），這話不假。English is a form (hypotactic) language while Chinese isa consensual (paratactic) language. (Janet, 2017)英文是形式語言（類似的，數(shù)學(xué)也是一種形式科學(xué)），而中文是意思語言（consensual沒有在zodiacs找到合適的翻譯，如果有，歡迎指正）1.“form language” refers to the use of conjunctions (coordinatingconjunction and, but, or other, or subordinating conjunction that, who, when,if, etc.) to express the logical relationship between sentence elements orsentences. English sentence expressed the logic relationship usingconjunction which is hidden in Chinese.形式語言便好用各類介詞（and, but, that, who, when, if….）來表達(dá)句與句之間以及句意間的邏輯關(guān)系，這些介詞在中文里常常被省略2.”consensual' refers to use context to reflect the logicalrelationship between sentences not by conjunctions.Consensual語言的邏輯關(guān)系不用介詞表達(dá)…..舉個(gè)栗子給你看，小情侶吵架的時(shí)候脫口而出“你來了我就走”，直接翻譯就會(huì)是：”You come, and I left.”稍對(duì)英文掌握熟練的人就會(huì)脫口而出“I will leave if you come.”或者“If youcome, I'll go.'要么 'When you come, I'll go”等等。敲黑板了！英文的介詞很重要，而且主要的作用就是突出邏輯關(guān)系的，方位、時(shí)間、因果等。eg 1. 辯論范例：Opposition side disagrees for the following reasons that/for the simple reason that….“For the following reasons that…”是一個(gè)很好的過渡linking word，所以這里不把這個(gè)短語提前到句首。后面的that引出將要講的原因。“For the simple reason that…”效果類似eg 2. 辯論范例：Death penalty appears to be more tangible interms of signalling effect to potential criminal actions incomparison/Comparing with the case of ineffective tolerance that…..eg 3. 辯論范例：Based on this, I am proud to propose/oppose.e.g.4 Gettysburg Address: For the people, of the people and bythe people.好了重點(diǎn)！無論你是高考還是四六級(jí)還是雅思托福，甚至是去國(guó)外寫作，你的寫作中肯定會(huì)有一條要合理使用連接詞，要注重邏輯關(guān)系，比起到處去百度云收藏什么500G所有英語寫作連接詞啥的，你還是吃下我這份基礎(chǔ)+實(shí)用+表達(dá)齊全+外國(guó)人都在用的安利比較有效。Because of, on account of, by reason of, as a result of, forfear of, in light of, given, considering……, in view of the fact that. Owing to,thanks to, in view of, by/in virtue of, by reason of, on grounds of, in consequenceof, consequently, now that (既然), seeing that, considering that,We delayed our contest on account of the bad weather.They dared not to murmur for fear of being killed.In light of the data, economists found the general reasons forthe poverty in that area.Failing 如果不能, in case of/ in the even of 如果發(fā)生；萬一，but for 要不是；providing/givenAs a result, as a consequenceBy/in comparison with, whereas, likewise (同樣的)About, concerning, regarding, with regard to, as for, as to (關(guān)于), interms of 就……,Despite, notwithstanding, in spite of盡管; 雖然三、英文把重要事放開頭，我們習(xí)慣重要事壓臺(tái)壓軸是倒數(shù)第二，壓臺(tái)才是最后的意思哦！中國(guó)人比較含蓄，我們習(xí)慣先亂扯一通亂扯一通再慢慢開始進(jìn)入主題，“你不是說這篇文章會(huì)給我點(diǎn)贊的么，怎么一直沒點(diǎn)啊”As to content, English focus on the start, Chinese focus on the rear. English nation tend to express their views, feelings and attitudesdirectly, therefore, they always put the important information at the beginningof the sentence, while Chinese handle in an opposite way (Janet, 2011).
英文在內(nèi)容上傾向于把重點(diǎn)放在開頭，中文放在尾巴上（rear）。說英語的地區(qū)傾向于直接表達(dá)情感所以他們把重要信息放在開頭，中國(guó)人則情感含蓄，在這一點(diǎn)上相反。六國(guó)破滅，非兵1不利，戰(zhàn)不善2，弊在賂秦3。賂秦而力虧，破滅之道4也?；蛟?：六國(guó)互喪，率6賂秦耶？曰：不賂者以賂者喪，蓋7失強(qiáng)援，不能獨(dú)完8。故曰：弊在賂秦也《六國(guó)論》把六國(guó)破滅的原因“弊在賂秦”放在了最后。(Mankiw, The Principles of Economics)“The first reason……world in which you live.”學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的第一個(gè)原因放在了最前面。知道為什么老師總說做英語閱讀來不及的時(shí)候就狂看每篇文章第一句話第二句話和最后一句話了吧，這都是有科學(xué)道理的??！對(duì)雅思托福等等英語考試都適用！It is the journey to Canada that really changed his life. (it is強(qiáng)調(diào)句)What really matters is our cooperation. / Cooperation is whatreally matters.我們的合作才是最關(guān)鍵的（這里對(duì)比不明顯）Little do people take into account the seriousness of thisproblem.說完了這三大點(diǎn)，你看看，品品，是不是發(fā)現(xiàn)其實(shí)想要地道的英語表達(dá)也不是什么難事？看在我這么努力碼干貨的份上，給我點(diǎn)個(gè)在看唄？
Janet (2011), CCJK, Sentence Structure Difference BetweenChinese and English, http://www./sentence-structure-difference-between-chinese-and-english/Brinton, L.J., (2000), John Benjamin’s Publishing Company. TheStructure of Modern English, A Linguistic Introduction感謝知非學(xué)弟對(duì)本文的貢獻(xiàn)。
|
