6.1 壓縮打包介紹 常見壓縮文件 ·Windows .rar,.zip,.7z ·Linux ?.zip,.gz,.bz2,.xz,.tar.gz,.tat.bz2,.tar.xz Linux下后綴名并不像Windows重要,不過還是需要通過后綴名來判斷壓縮包是哪種類型的文件 6.2 gzip壓縮工具 Linux下常用的壓縮工具:gzip,bzip2,xz,zip,tar 注意:gzip只能壓縮文件,不能壓縮目錄 準(zhǔn)備一個(gè)文件,用作壓縮 [root@arslinux-01?~]#?cd?/tmp/ [root@arslinux-01?tmp]#?mkdir?d6z/ [root@arslinux-01?tmp]#?cd?d6z/ [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?find?/etc/?-type?f?-name?"*.conf"?-exec??cat?{}?>>?1.txt?\; [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?find?/etc/?-type?f?-name?"*.conf"?-exec??cat?{}?>>?1.txt?\; [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?find?/etc/?-type?f?-name?"*.conf"?-exec??cat?{}?>>?1.txt?\; [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?find?/etc/?-type?f?-name?"*.conf"?-exec??cat?{}?>>?1.txt?\; [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?find?/etc/?-type?f?-name?"*.conf"?-exec??cat?{}?>>?1.txt?\; [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?du?-sh?1.txt 2.0M1.txt [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?ll?-h?1.txt -rw-r--r--.?1?root?root?1.1M?3月??26?15:20?1.txt gzip 文件???????? 壓縮命令 [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?gzip?1.txt [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?ll?-h 總用量?264K -rw-r--r--.?1?root?root?262K?3月??26?15:20?1.txt.gz [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?du?-sh?1.txt.gz 264K1.txt.gz gzip -d 壓縮文件???????? 解壓縮命令 [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?gzip?-d?1.txt.gz [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?du?-sh?1.txt 1.1M1.txt gunzip 壓縮文件???????? 解壓縮命令 [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?gunzip?1.txt.gz [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?du?-sh?1.txt 1.1M1.txt gzip -壓縮級別(1-9) 文件????????指定文件壓縮級別,默認(rèn)級別為6 默認(rèn)6級別,1為最不嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),9為最嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),9級耗費(fèi)CPU資源更大,運(yùn)行速度更慢,一般保持默認(rèn)就行 [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?gzip?-1?1.txt [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?du?-sh?1.txt.gz 308K1.txt.gz [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?gzip?-d?1.txt.gz [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?gzip?-9?1.txt [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?du?-sh?1.txt.gz 264K1.txt.g 壓縮也是有極限的,不會無休止的壓縮 .gz 文件的類型介紹 [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?file?1.txt.gz 1.txt.gz:?gzip?compressed?data,?was?"1.txt",?from?Unix,?last?modified:?Tue?Mar?26?15:20:37?2019,?max?compression zcat 壓縮包????????查看壓縮包內(nèi)容 [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?zcat?1.txt.gz gzip -c 文件 > 壓縮包絕對路徑???????? 壓縮時(shí)指定壓縮文件保存目錄且不刪除源文件 [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?gzip?-c?1.txt?>?/tmp/1.txt.gz [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?ll 總用量?1044 -rw-r--r--.?1?root?root?1067315?3月??26?15:20?1.txt [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?ll?/tmp/1.txt.gz -rw-r--r--.?1?root?root?267637?3月??26?15:59?/tmp/1.txt.gz gunzip -c 壓縮包 > 目標(biāo)文件絕對路徑????????解壓縮文件時(shí)不刪除原壓縮文件 或 gzip -d -c [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?gunzip?-c?/tmp/1.txt.gz?>?/tmp/d6z/2.txt [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?ll 總用量?2088 -rw-r--r--.?1?root?root?1067315?3月??26?15:20?1.txt -rw-r--r--.?1?root?root?1067315?3月??26?16:02?2.txt 6.3 bzip2壓縮工具 bzip2 和 gzip 比壓縮更狠,使用方法差不多 bzip2 安裝 [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?yum?install?-y?bzip2 bzip2 文件???????? 壓縮命令 [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?bzip2?1.txt [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?du?-sh?1.txt.bz2 108K1.txt.bz2 bzip2 壓縮默認(rèn)級別壓縮文件要比 gzip 同級別要小 注意:bzip2同樣不支持壓縮目錄 bzip2 -d 或 bunzip2???????? 解壓命令 [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?bunzip2?1.txt.bz2 [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?du?-sh?1.txt 1.1M1.txt bzip2 -c 文件 > 壓縮文件絕對路徑???????? 壓縮到指定目錄下 [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?bzip2?-c?1.txt?>?/tmp/1.txt.bz2 [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?du?-sh?/tmp/1.txt.bz2 108K/tmp/1.txt.bz2 [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?ll 總用量?2088 -rw-r--r--.?1?root?root?1067315?3月??26?15:20?1.txt -rw-r--r--.?1?root?root?1067315?3月??26?16:02?2.txt bzip2 -d -c 壓縮文件絕對路徑 > 目標(biāo)目錄絕對路徑???????? 解壓到指定目錄,指定名稱 bunzip -c 也可以 [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?bzip2?-d?-c?/tmp/1.txt.bz2?>?3.txt [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?ll 總用量?3132 -rw-r--r--.?1?root?root?1067315?3月??26?15:20?1.txt -rw-r--r--.?1?root?root?1067315?3月??26?16:02?2.txt -rw-r--r--.?1?root?root?1067315?3月??26?18:06?3.txt [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?du?-sh?3.txt 1.1M3.txt bzip2 -壓縮級別(1-9) 文件名????????指定文件壓縮級別,默認(rèn)級別為9 [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?bzip2?-9?1.txt [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?du?-sh?1.txt.bz2 108K1.txt.bz2 file????????查看文件信息 [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?file?1.txt.bz2 1.txt.bz2:?bzip2?compressed?data,?block?size?=?900k [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?mv?1.txt.bz2?1.txt [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?file?1.txt 1.txt:?bzip2?compressed?data,?block?size?=?900k [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?file?2.txt 2.txt:?UTF-8?Unicode?text 給文件改名,不以 .bz2 結(jié)尾,file 同樣能顯示出文件是壓縮數(shù)據(jù) bzcat????????查看 .bz2 壓縮文件內(nèi)容 [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?bzcat?1.txt.bz2 疑問:gzip壓縮過的文件用bzip2工具能解壓縮嗎?或者bzip2壓縮過的文件用gzip解壓? [root@localhost?d6z]#?gzip?-d?1.txt.bz2 gzip:?1.txt.bz2:?unknown?suffix?--?ignored [root@localhost?d6z]#?bunzip2?/tmp/1.txt.gz bunzip2:?Can't?guess?original?name?for?/tmp/1.txt.gz?--?using?/tmp/1.txt.gz.out bunzip2:?/tmp/1.txt.gz?is?not?a?bzip2?file. 答案當(dāng)然是不可以~! 6.4 xz壓縮工具 xz 文件???????? 壓縮命令( xz 壓縮比 gzip 和 bzip2 都要狠) [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?xz?2.txt?. [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?du?-sh?2.txt.xz 48K2.txt.xz xz -d 壓縮包???? 解壓縮命令 unxz 壓縮包???? 解壓縮命令 [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?xz?-d?2.txt.xz [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?du?-sh?2.txt 1.1M2.txt xz -壓縮級別(1-9) 文件???????? 指定壓縮級別(默認(rèn)是6) [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?xz?-9?2.txt [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?du??-sh?2.txt.xz 48K2.txt.xz xzcat 文件名????????查看壓縮文件內(nèi)容 [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?xzcat?2.txt.xz xz -c 文件名 > 壓縮包絕對路徑???????? 指定壓縮包位置(可改名) xz -c 壓縮包絕對路徑 > 文件名(非當(dāng)前目錄需要絕對名)???????? 指定解壓縮位置 [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?xz?-c?2.txt?>?/tmp/3.txt.xz [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?du?-sh?/tmp/3.txt 48K/tmp/3.txt [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?du?-sh?/tmp/3.txt.xz 48K/tmp/3.txt.xz [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?xz?-d?-c?/tmp/3.txt.xz?>?2.txt [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?du?-sh?2.txt 1.1M2.txt gzip bzip2 xz都不支持壓縮目錄 [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?gzip?123/ gzip:?123/?is?a?directory?--?ignored [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?bzip2?123/ bzip2:?Input?file?123/?is?a?directory. [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?xz?123/ xz:?123/:?Is?a?directory,?skipping 6.5 zip壓縮工具 zip 支持壓縮目錄 zip 命令和 unzip 命令都需要安裝 [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?yum?install?-y?zip [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?yum?install?-y?unzip zip 壓縮包名 源文件名???????? 壓縮命令(可以壓縮目錄) [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?zip?2.txt.zip?2.txt adding:?2.txt?(deflated?75%) [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?du?-sh?2.txt.zip 264K2.txt.zip ·當(dāng)目錄下還有二級目錄甚至更多級目錄時(shí),zip并不會把二級目錄下的文件壓縮,而僅僅是把二級目錄本身壓縮 zip -r 壓縮包名 源目錄???????? 壓縮目錄命令 [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?zip?-r?arslinux.zip?arslinux/ adding:?arslinux/?(stored?0%) adding:?arslinux/2/?(stored?0%) adding:?arslinux/2/2.txt?(deflated?75%) adding:?arslinux/ars2/?(stored?0%) adding:?arslinux/ars2/2/?(stored?0%) adding:?arslinux/ars2/2/2.txt?(deflated?75%) adding:?arslinux/ars2/ars1/?(stored?0%) adding:?arslinux/ars2/ars1/2/?(stored?0%) adding:?arslinux/ars2/ars1/2/2.txt?(deflated?75%) adding:?arslinux/ars2/ars1/arslinux/?(stored?0%) adding:?arslinux/ars2/ars1/arslinux/2/?(stored?0%) adding:?arslinux/ars2/ars1/arslinux/2/2.txt?(deflated?75%) adding:?arslinux/ars2/ls2?(deflated?53%) zip 壓縮命令在壓縮后會保留源文件 unzip 壓縮包???????? 解壓縮命令 [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?unzip?arslinux.zip Archive:??arslinux.zip replace?arslinux/2/2.txt??[y]es,?[n]o,?[A]ll,?[N]one,?[r]ename: 在zip壓縮時(shí),默認(rèn)保留源文件或目錄,在解壓縮時(shí),由于源文件存在,因此會提示你是否覆蓋或者不操作或者改名 根據(jù)實(shí)際情況選擇相應(yīng)選項(xiàng) unzip 壓縮包 -d 指定目錄???????? 解壓到指定目錄,不指定就是當(dāng)前目錄 [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?unzip?2.txt.zip?-d?test/ Archive:??2.txt.zip inflating:?test/2.txt 壓縮前什么文件名,壓縮后還是什么文件名,不能更改 unzip -l 壓縮包???????? 查看壓縮包文件列表(文件內(nèi)容無法查看) [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?unzip?-l?arslinux.zip Archive:??arslinux.zip Length??????Date????Time????Name ---------??----------?-----???---- 0??03-27-2019?22:04???arslinux/ 0??03-27-2019?22:04???arslinux/2/ 1067315??03-27-2019?22:04???arslinux/2/2.txt 0??03-27-2019?22:04???arslinux/ars2/ 0??03-27-2019?22:04???arslinux/ars2/2/ 1067315??03-27-2019?22:04???arslinux/ars2/2/2.txt 0??03-27-2019?22:04???arslinux/ars2/ars1/ 0??03-27-2019?22:04???arslinux/ars2/ars1/2/ 1067315??03-27-2019?22:04???arslinux/ars2/ars1/2/2.txt 0??03-27-2019?22:04???arslinux/ars2/ars1/arslinux/ 0??03-27-2019?22:04???arslinux/ars2/ars1/arslinux/2/ 1067315??03-27-2019?22:04???arslinux/ars2/ars1/arslinux/2/2.txt 117680??03-27-2019?22:04???arslinux/ars2/ls2 ---------?????????????????????------- 4386940?????????????????????13?files 6.6 tar打包 服務(wù)器之間傳輸多個(gè)文件和目錄,把所有文件和目錄打包成一個(gè)大文件,可能會減小文件大小,這樣傳輸速度更快(不絕對) tar -cvf 壓縮包 文件/目錄???????? 打包命令 [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?tar?-cvf?arslinux.tar?arslinux/ arslinux/ arslinux/2/ arslinux/2/2.txt arslinux/ars2/ arslinux/ars2/2/ arslinux/ars2/2/2.txt arslinux/ars2/ars1/ arslinux/ars2/ars1/2/ arslinux/ars2/ars1/2/2.txt arslinux/ars2/ars1/arslinux/ arslinux/ars2/ars1/arslinux/2/ arslinux/ars2/ars1/arslinux/2/2.txt arslinux/ars2/ls2 tar -cvf 壓縮包 文件 目錄???????? 同時(shí)打包多個(gè) [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?tar?-cvf?arslinux.tar?arslinux?3.txt?2.txt arslinux/ arslinux/2/ arslinux/2/2.txt arslinux/ars2/ arslinux/ars2/2/ arslinux/ars2/2/2.txt arslinux/ars2/ars1/ arslinux/ars2/ars1/2/ arslinux/ars2/ars1/2/2.txt arslinux/ars2/ars1/arslinux/ arslinux/ars2/ars1/arslinux/2/ arslinux/ars2/ars1/arslinux/2/2.txt arslinux/ars2/ls2 3.txt 2.txt tar -xvf 壓縮包???????? 解壓縮命令(如果壓縮前的源文件存在,會覆蓋,不提示) [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?tar?xvf?arslinux.tar arslinux/ arslinux/2/ arslinux/2/2.txt arslinux/ars2/ arslinux/ars2/2/ arslinux/ars2/2/2.txt arslinux/ars2/ars1/ arslinux/ars2/ars1/2/ arslinux/ars2/ars1/2/2.txt arslinux/ars2/ars1/arslinux/ arslinux/ars2/ars1/arslinux/2/ arslinux/ars2/ars1/arslinux/2/2.txt arslinux/ars2/ls2 tar -tf 壓縮包???????? 查看tar包列表 [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?tar?-tf?arslinux.tar arslinux/ arslinux/2/ arslinux/2/2.txt arslinux/ars2/ arslinux/ars2/2/ arslinux/ars2/2/2.txt arslinux/ars2/ars1/ arslinux/ars2/ars1/2/ arslinux/ars2/ars1/2/2.txt arslinux/ars2/ars1/arslinux/ arslinux/ars2/ars1/arslinux/2/ arslinux/ars2/ars1/arslinux/2/2.txt arslinux/ars2/ls2 3.txt 2.txt tar -cvf 包名 --exclude 文件/目錄 其余不過濾的文件/目錄???????? 過濾不要打包的文件 [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?tar?-cvf?arslinux2.tar?--exclude?ars1?arslinux?3.txt?2.txt arslinux/ arslinux/2/ arslinux/2/2.txt arslinux/ars2/ arslinux/ars2/2/ arslinux/ars2/2/2.txt arslinux/ars2/ls2 3.txt 2.txt [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?tar?-cvf?arslinux3.tar?--exclude?ars1?--exclude?ars2?arslinux?3.txt?2.txt arslinux/ arslinux/2/ arslinux/2/2.txt 3.txt 2.txt 可以多次使用 --exclude,過濾多個(gè) [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?tar?-cvf?arslinux4.tar?--exclude?"*.txt"?arslinux?3.txt?2.txt arslinux/ arslinux/2/ arslinux/ars2/ arslinux/ars2/2/ arslinux/ars2/ars1/ arslinux/ars2/ars1/2/ arslinux/ars2/ars1/arslinux/ arslinux/ars2/ars1/arslinux/2/ arslinux/ars2/ls2 可以過濾掉?.txt?結(jié)尾的文件 6.7 打包并壓縮 tar打包時(shí)支持同時(shí)壓縮 tar -zcvf 壓縮包 文件/目錄????????打包同時(shí)用gzip壓縮 tar -zxvf 壓縮包???????? 解包命令 [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?tar?-zcvf?arslinux.tar.gz?arslinux?3.txt?4.txt arslinux/ arslinux/2/ arslinux/2/2.txt arslinux/ars2/ arslinux/ars2/2/ arslinux/ars2/2/2.txt arslinux/ars2/ars1/ arslinux/ars2/ars1/2/ arslinux/ars2/ars1/2/2.txt arslinux/ars2/ars1/arslinux/ arslinux/ars2/ars1/arslinux/2/ arslinux/ars2/ars1/arslinux/2/2.txt arslinux/ars2/ls2 3.txt 4.txt [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?du?-sh?arslinux.tar.gz 1.6Marslinux.tar.gz [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?tar?-zxvf?arslinux.tar.gz arslinux/ arslinux/2/ arslinux/2/2.txt arslinux/ars2/ arslinux/ars2/2/ arslinux/ars2/2/2.txt arslinux/ars2/ars1/ arslinux/ars2/ars1/2/ arslinux/ars2/ars1/2/2.txt arslinux/ars2/ars1/arslinux/ arslinux/ars2/ars1/arslinux/2/ arslinux/ars2/ars1/arslinux/2/2.txt arslinux/ars2/ls2 3.txt 4.txt tar -jcvf 壓縮包 ?文件/目錄???????? 打包同時(shí)用bzip2壓縮 tar -jxvf 壓縮包???????? 解包命令 [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?tar?-jcvf?arslinux.tar.bz2?arslinux?3.txt?4.txt arslinux/ arslinux/2/ arslinux/2/2.txt arslinux/ars2/ arslinux/ars2/2/ arslinux/ars2/2/2.txt arslinux/ars2/ars1/ arslinux/ars2/ars1/2/ arslinux/ars2/ars1/2/2.txt arslinux/ars2/ars1/arslinux/ arslinux/ars2/ars1/arslinux/2/ arslinux/ars2/ars1/arslinux/2/2.txt arslinux/ars2/ls2 3.txt 4.txt [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?tar?-jxvf?arslinux.tar.bz2 arslinux/ arslinux/2/ arslinux/2/2.txt arslinux/ars2/ arslinux/ars2/2/ arslinux/ars2/2/2.txt arslinux/ars2/ars1/ arslinux/ars2/ars1/2/ arslinux/ars2/ars1/2/2.txt arslinux/ars2/ars1/arslinux/ arslinux/ars2/ars1/arslinux/2/ arslinux/ars2/ars1/arslinux/2/2.txt arslinux/ars2/ls2 3.txt 4.txt [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?du?-sh?arslinux.tar.bz2 564Karslinux.tar.bz2 tar -Jcvf 壓縮包 文件/目錄???????? 打包同時(shí)用 xz 壓縮 tar -Jxvf 壓縮包???????? 解包命令 [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?tar?-Jcvf?arslinux.tar.xz?arslinux?3.txt?4.txt arslinux/ arslinux/2/ arslinux/2/2.txt arslinux/ars2/ arslinux/ars2/2/ arslinux/ars2/2/2.txt arslinux/ars2/ars1/ arslinux/ars2/ars1/2/ arslinux/ars2/ars1/2/2.txt arslinux/ars2/ars1/arslinux/ arslinux/ars2/ars1/arslinux/2/ arslinux/ars2/ars1/arslinux/2/2.txt arslinux/ars2/ls2 3.txt 4.txt [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?tar?-Jxvf?arslinux.tar.xz arslinux/ arslinux/2/ arslinux/2/2.txt arslinux/ars2/ arslinux/ars2/2/ arslinux/ars2/2/2.txt arslinux/ars2/ars1/ arslinux/ars2/ars1/2/ arslinux/ars2/ars1/2/2.txt arslinux/ars2/ars1/arslinux/ arslinux/ars2/ars1/arslinux/2/ arslinux/ars2/ars1/arslinux/2/2.txt arslinux/ars2/ls2 3.txt 4.txt tar -tf 壓縮包???????? 查看壓縮包內(nèi)文件列表(.gz .bz2 .xz 三種格式都支持) [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?tar?-tf?arslinux.tar.gz arslinux/ arslinux/2/ arslinux/2/2.txt arslinux/ars2/ arslinux/ars2/2/ arslinux/ars2/2/2.txt arslinux/ars2/ars1/ arslinux/ars2/ars1/2/ arslinux/ars2/ars1/2/2.txt arslinux/ars2/ars1/arslinux/ arslinux/ars2/ars1/arslinux/2/ arslinux/ars2/ars1/arslinux/2/2.txt arslinux/ars2/ls2 3.txt 4.txt [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?tar?-tf?arslinux.tar.bz2 arslinux/ arslinux/2/ arslinux/2/2.txt arslinux/ars2/ arslinux/ars2/2/ arslinux/ars2/2/2.txt arslinux/ars2/ars1/ arslinux/ars2/ars1/2/ arslinux/ars2/ars1/2/2.txt arslinux/ars2/ars1/arslinux/ arslinux/ars2/ars1/arslinux/2/ arslinux/ars2/ars1/arslinux/2/2.txt arslinux/ars2/ls2 3.txt 4.txt [root@arslinux-01?d6z]#?tar?-tf?arslinux.tar.xz arslinux/ arslinux/2/ arslinux/2/2.txt arslinux/ars2/ arslinux/ars2/2/ arslinux/ars2/2/2.txt arslinux/ars2/ars1/ arslinux/ars2/ars1/2/ arslinux/ars2/ars1/2/2.txt arslinux/ars2/ars1/arslinux/ arslinux/ars2/ars1/arslinux/2/ arslinux/ars2/ars1/arslinux/2/2.txt arslinux/ars2/ls2 3.txt 4.txt 看下這個(gè)帖子: http://ask./question/5435 |
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