今天和同學(xué)們分享：高考英語語法——代詞的八大考點(diǎn)，一起來學(xué)習(xí)和進(jìn)步吧！

一. 人稱代詞

人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分，主格在句中作主語、表語等成分，賓格在句中作動(dòng)詞、介詞賓語、同位語等成分，有時(shí)也可作表語。不僅指人，也可指物，有人稱和數(shù)的變化。

【注意】在連詞than和as引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句中常常省略從句，只保留人稱代詞，人稱代詞作主語時(shí)要用主格，在口語中也常用賓格；但當(dāng)人稱代詞后有動(dòng)詞時(shí)就必須用主格。如：

My sister speaks English as well as me/I. (口語中常用me)

My sister speaks English as well as I do. (此時(shí)只能用I)

二. 物主代詞

1．物主代詞分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞，必須與所指的名詞在人稱、數(shù)和性別方面保持一致。如：

The waiters offered their food to the homeless man.

【注意】單數(shù)陽性名詞和單數(shù)陰性名詞連用作主語時(shí)，如果前面有every，each修飾，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，代詞用his。如：

Each boy and each girl wants to lend his raincoat to the soldiers.

2. 形容詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于形容詞，只能作名詞或動(dòng)名詞的定語。

e.g. This is our classroom.

Would you mind my opening the window?

3. 名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于“形容詞性物主代詞＋名詞”，可單獨(dú)作主語、賓語、表語。此外，名詞性物主代詞還可與名詞及of連用，構(gòu)成雙重所有格。如：

This is her coat. Mine is over there.

Some friends of mine will attend my birthday party.

三. 反身代詞

1. 反身代詞通常在enjoy, teach, hurt, buy, introduce, seat, dress, express, amuse, behave等動(dòng)詞和by, for, to, of等介詞后作賓語。如：

He was left at home by himself the whole day yesterday.

2. 反身代詞可以作主語的同位語，主要起加強(qiáng)語氣的作用，意為“親自，本人，親身”。

e.g. The teacher and pupils mended the road themselves.

3. 反身代詞可以在be, feel, look, seem等系動(dòng)詞后作表語，表示身體或精神狀態(tài)處于正常。

e.g. —You look pale. What’s wrong with you?

—I’m not feeling myself today, not serious, though.

注意：

(1)反身代詞本身不能單獨(dú)作主語。

(正) I myself drove the car.　我自己開車。

(誤) Myself drove the car.

(2) 在由and, or, nor連接的并列主語中，第二個(gè)主語可用反身代詞，特別是myself作主語。

e.g. Charles and myself saw it.

(3) 在不強(qiáng)調(diào)的情況下，but, except, for等介詞后賓語用反身代詞或人稱代詞均可。

e.g. No one but myself/me is hurt.

4. 反身代詞的習(xí)慣搭配

(1) 介詞+反身代詞

for oneself 為自己；親自地

to oneself 對(duì)自己；獨(dú)用

of oneself 自動(dòng)地

by oneself 獨(dú)自地

(2) 動(dòng)詞＋反身代詞

dress oneself 自己穿衣

make oneself at home 不要客氣

seat oneself=be seated 就坐

teach oneself 自學(xué)

come to oneself 蘇醒

devote oneself to = be devoted to 致力于

enjoy oneself 過得愉快，玩得高興

help oneself to 自行取用，請(qǐng)自便

accustom oneself to=be accustomed to 習(xí)慣于

amuse oneself 消遣，自娛

behave oneself 表現(xiàn)良好

apply oneself to sth. 致力于

explain oneself 說明自己的意圖

express oneself 表達(dá)自己的思想

abandon oneself to 沉迷于，放縱

四. 指示代詞

1. 指上文提到的事物，一般用that，有時(shí)也用this；指下文將要提到的事物，常用this或these。如：

He said I was lying, and that was unfair. (that指代上文He said I was lying)

What I want you to remember is this：Practise makes perfect. (此句中this指代下文，不能換為that)

2. that/those可作定語從句的先行詞，但this/these不能；其中those可指人，但that不能。

如：She has known that which she wanted to know.

I admire those who are always helping others. (those作定語從句的先行詞，指人)

五. 相互代詞

相互代詞是表示相互關(guān)系的代詞，只有each other和one another兩個(gè)詞組，都表示“互相，相互”。

1. each other和one another在句中可以作動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語。如：

Let’s help each other and learn from each other.

They looked at one another and laughed.

2. 作定語時(shí)each other和one another須用所有格，表示“彼此的”。如：

We said hello to one another’s/each other’s family.

六. 疑問代詞

1. 疑問代詞后接-ever的用法。

(1) whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever表泛指，意為“無論……”。如：

You have our support, whatever you decide.

Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize.

I don’t want to see them, whoever they are.

(2) 置于疑問代詞后，用于加強(qiáng)語氣。如：

Whatever do you mean?

Whoever heard of such a thing!

2. 疑問代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要由所代表的人或事物的單復(fù)數(shù)形式來確定，如果不清楚代表的人或物是復(fù)數(shù)還是單數(shù)，則謂語動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)形式。who/what/which作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞既可以用單數(shù)形式，也可以用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：

What he needs most is his mother’s love.

What we need are good books.

七. 復(fù)合不定代詞

1. 修飾不定代詞的形容詞應(yīng)后置。

e.g. Is there anything wrong with my car?

2. 復(fù)合不定代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞往往用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。

3. 復(fù)合不定代詞構(gòu)成的固定短語：

anything but根本不，一點(diǎn)也不nothing but只不過do nothing but 只有，除……之外什么事也不做have something/nothing to do with 與……有/無關(guān)something of有點(diǎn)，有幾分

八. 全部否定與部分否定

由some和any構(gòu)成的不定代詞的用法與some和any的用法基本一致。all, both, everyone, everybody, everything以及“every＋名詞”都表示全部肯定；no one, none, nobody, nothing, not...any以及“no＋名詞”都表示全部否定；

但當(dāng)not出現(xiàn)在含有全部肯定的不定代詞的句子中，不管not在它們之前還是在它們之后都表示部分否定。此外not與總括性副詞如everywhere, always, wholly, altogether等連用時(shí)也表示部分否定。

e.g. All of the boys are clever, but none of them can work out this problem. (all表示全部肯定，none表示全部否定)

Such a thing can’t be found everywhere. (“not＋everywhere”表示部分否定)

The exam is very easy, but not all of the students can pass it. (“not＋all”表示部分否定)