代詞一、人稱代詞 表示“我，你，他，她，它，你們，他們”的詞叫做人稱代詞。人稱代詞分主格和賓格兩類，有單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)之分。 人稱代詞的形式如下表： 說明：兩個(gè)以上的人稱代詞并用時(shí)，從禮貌上講通常按下列排序： 1. 單數(shù)代詞：①you ②he, she ③I 例：you and I; you and he; he and I; you, he and I. 2. 復(fù)數(shù)：①we ②you ③they 例：we and they; we and you; you and they; we, you and they. 3. 第三人稱男女兩性并用時(shí)，男先女后：he and she 4. 承認(rèn)過失，單數(shù)按1、3、2人稱排列，復(fù)數(shù)按3、2、1人稱排列。 例：I, he and you will be scolded for being late. They, you and we should leave her at once. It was I and Tom that broke the window. 二、物主代詞 表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞有形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。形容詞性物主代詞用在名詞前，不能單獨(dú)使用。名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞，使用時(shí)后面不能再加名詞。 物主代詞的形式如下： 說明：【形容詞性物主代詞+名詞=名詞性物主代詞】 my book =mine your book =yours his book=his her book=hers her books=hers Those are our pens. Yours is yellow and mine is blue. 三、反身代詞 表示“我（們）自己”、“你（們）自己”、“他/她/它（們）自己”的代詞稱為反身代詞。在句中作賓語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等。 反身代詞的形式如下： 說明： 1. 反身代詞單數(shù)詞尾都有-self，復(fù)數(shù)詞尾都有-selves。 2. 第三人稱都由人稱代詞賓格+self或selves構(gòu)成。第一、二人稱反身代詞都是形容詞性物主代詞+self或selves構(gòu)成。 四、指示代詞 表示“那個(gè)”、“這個(gè)”、“這些”、“那些”等指示概念的代詞。指示代詞有this，that，these，those等。在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、介詞賓語(yǔ)等。 指示代詞的形式如下： 指示代詞的用法： 1. this/these指下文要提到的事兒。that/those指前文提到的事兒。 What I want to say is this：Dufu is very busy. Libai had a bad cold yesterday. That`s the reason why he didn`t drink. 2. 用于介紹/電話用語(yǔ)中。 This is Dufu speaking. Who’s that? 3. This /that 的指代詞是it；these/those的指代詞是they。 --- What is this? ---It’s an egg. ---What are these? ---They are oranges. 五、不定代詞 1. 不定代詞的定義 不指明代替任何特定名詞或形容詞的代詞叫做不定代詞。常用不定有：some, any, all, none, both, either, neither, each, every, other, another, much, many, few, little, one等。 2. 不定代詞的用法 1). some/any (1). some用于肯定句；any用于疑問句或否定句 I can see some flowers, but I can`t see any apples. (2). some 用在疑問句中有表示請(qǐng)求或建議的功能, 或希望得到對(duì)方肯定答復(fù)的疑問句中。 any用在肯定句中有強(qiáng)調(diào)或加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣的功能。 Would you like some coffee? You may come at any time. 2).many/much 說明： (1). only a few (=few)；not a few (=many)； quite a few (=many)；many a (=many) 例：Many books were sold. 賣出了許多書。 Many a book was sold. 賣出了許多書。 (2). many, much前可有so, too, how等詞進(jìn)行修飾。 例：There are too many mistakes in your diary. So many people are waiting for the bus. Sorry, I’m afraid I can’t go with you. I’ve got too much work to do. 3). few /a few/ little/ a little 4). both, either, neither, all, none 說明： (1). both與復(fù)數(shù)連用，either與單數(shù)連用。 (2). either…or… ; neither…nor… 動(dòng)詞的選擇要根據(jù) “就近原則”來選取。 例：Either I or he goes to buy an ice cream. Either she or I go to buy an ice cream. Neither you nor he goes to buy an ice cream. Neither he nor you go to buy an ice cream. 5). all與none用法一樣。跟單數(shù)名詞，用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞；跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞，用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。 例：All of the students are there.所有的學(xué)生都在那里。 All (of) the milk is there.所有的牛奶都在那里。 6). 復(fù)合不定代詞 注意：不定代詞與形容詞連用時(shí)，形容詞置于不定代詞之后。 說明：對(duì)比不定代詞anyone /any one；no one/none (1). anyone和any one anyone僅指人，any one既可指人，也可指物。 (2). no one和none none 后跟of短語(yǔ)，既可指人又可指物，而no one只能單獨(dú)使用，只指人。 none 做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單、復(fù)數(shù)均可，而no one作主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能是單數(shù)。 例：None of you could lift it. 你們中沒有人可舉起它。 --- Did any one call me up just now? ---剛才有人打電話給我嗎? --- No one. ---沒有。 六、it的特殊用法 1. 指前面提到的名詞 The sun looks like a shiny gold plate, but it is really a big ball. The cat must be under the bed, isn’t it? 注意：it也可以指不明性別的小孩。 The baby on the ground was crying and a woman picked it up. The child lost its way and cried. 2. 指前面提到的句子 Your English is not so good. Have you realized it? 3. 表時(shí)間/ 天氣 / 距離 What time is it by your watch? It is half past ten. I think it’s going to rain today. It is only two kilometers to the post office. 4. 作形式主語(yǔ) It is a good habit to go to bed and get up early. It is said that the plane will take off at two tomorrow afternoon. 5. 作形式賓語(yǔ) They found it difficult to deal with such a problem. I think it no use talking to him about that. 【題模精講】 I have to tell you. Do you want to know? A、something important B、important something C、anything important D、important anything 答案：A 解析：形容詞修飾不定代詞置于其后，故選A。 ---Is this _________ pen? ---No, is _________ on my desk. A、 your; my B、 yours; my C、 your; mine D、 yours; mine 答案：C 解析：考查代詞。第一個(gè)空后有名詞，需要一個(gè)形容詞性物主代詞，第二個(gè)空后無名詞，需要一個(gè)名詞性物主代詞。故選C。 |
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